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Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths in humans. Objectives: To investigate the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia with CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths in client‐owned dogs. Animals Dogs with (n = 55, U [uroliths]‐dogs) and without (n = 39, UF [uroliths‐free]‐dogs) CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths. Methods: Case‐control study. U‐dogs were retrospectively enrolled and compared to UF‐dogs. Body condition score (BCS; 1‐9 scoring scale), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) concentrations and glycemia (after >12‐hour food withholding) were recorded in both groups. Results: On univariate logistic regression, when excluding Miniature Schnauzers, odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 3.32 (95% CI 1.38‐11.12) for each mmol/L of TG (P =.027), of 39 (95% CI 9.27‐293.22) for each mmol/L of glycemia (P <.0001), and of 2.43 (95% CI 1.45‐4.45) per unit of BCS (P =.002). In multivariable models, the effect of TG was retained when all breeds were included for analysis and odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 4.34 per mmol/L of TG (95% CI 1.45‐19.99; P =.02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Serum lipid screening in dogs diagnosed with CaOx uroliths might be recommended to improve their medical staging and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In humans, post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury, with the most frequently reported hormonal deficiencies resulting in hyposomatotropism and hypogonadism, followed by hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, and central diabetes insipidus. To date, PTHP has rarely been reported in cats, and the reported cases often describe a single hormone deficiency. This report details an approximately 7-month-old cat with a history of suspected traumatic brain injury at 5 wk of age, that presented with growth retardation (1.53 kg) and polyuria-polydipsia. Thyroid panel, thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, thyroid scan with Technetium-99, repeat measurement of serum IGF-1, resting cortisol, endogenous ACTH concentration, and ACTH stimulation testing were performed. The cat was diagnosed with presumptive PTHP leading to hyposomatotropism, hypothyroidism, central diabetes insipidus, and hypogonadism. In this case, treatment of the hypothyroidism and central diabetes insipidus were successful. Hyposomatotropism and hypogonadism were not treated. Although reported feline PTHP cases have described a single hormone deficiency, this report details a cat with presumptive PTHP leading to hyposomatotropism, hypothyroidism, central diabetes insipidus, and hypogonadism. Attention should be paid to the potential for the development of PTHP in cats secondary to traumatic brain injury. Key clinical message: Post-traumatic hypopituitarism in cats can lead to multiple hormone deficiencies, leading to hyposomatotropism, hypothyroidism, central diabetes insipidus, and hypogonadism., (Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.)

Case Summary: A 7-month-old intact female Maine Coon cat was presented with a 2-month history of regurgitations. Contrast radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed a diffuse megaoesophagus secondary to a severe lower oesophageal stricture. An epiphrenic diverticulum was noted. Endoscopic balloon dilation was unsuccessful. Gastrotomy was thus performed in order to incise the oesophageal wall radially along the stricture site, and then to dilate the stricture. A diameter of 20 mm was reached. With the aim of preventing stricture recurrence, submucosal injections of triamcinolone acetonide were performed. An 18 Fr oesophagogastric feeding tube was placed and a left gastropexy was performed in order to exert some traction on the gastroesophageal junction, with the aim of reducing the oesophageal diverticulum. Twelve months postoperatively, clinical signs had completely resolved and follow-up radiographs revealed marked improvement of the oesophageal dilatation., Relevance and Novel Information: Lower oesophageal strictures should be considered when evaluating regurgitations or megaoesophagus in a kitten. Surgical mucosal radial incision is a therapeutic option in cases of lower oesophageal stricture refractory to balloon dilation, and can lead to a marked improvement of clinical signs and of the oesophagus diameter leading to clinical success., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship or publication of this case report., (© The Author(s) 2021.)