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Terroir is a term of French origin (terre) derived from popular Latin (terratorium-earth). The expression is used as an umbrella concept, which incorporates all the distinct features of a particular wine-growing area, with an effect on the taste and quality of the wine. It is generally used to describe how the particularities of the region - climate, soil, geographical position and tradition - influence the wine produced here. The objective of the paper was to analyze the terroir components of the Silvaniei vineyard and to highlight the influence of the soil on the wine products obtained. The quality, suitability and capability classes obtained highlighted the differences between the terroir components from the Şimleul Silvaniei vineyard and the Sărmăşag vineyard, the latter presenting a slightly superior suitability for the vine culture. Also, a differentiation of the recommended correction works was highlighted, so that following the enhanced evaluation, the plantation from Şimleul Silvaniei obtained higher evaluation marks (over 100 points). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinization occurs in natural conditions as a result of a complex of factors such as climate, topography, and hydrogeology. Salinity principally occurs in sub-humid to arid regions but secondary salinization is a consequence of direct human activities it extends by the day. In the field, soil salinity is deduced from apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) by using a range of devices. Although a number of proximal sensors have recently been used worldwide to simplify fieldwork, few studies using new technologies have been addressed in Romania. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity of saline soils using a DUALEM instrument in Valea Sărată (Cluj). Spatial variability maps were generated by using of a geostatistical method. Significantly higher ECa was detected in poorly drained areas close to water channels (ECa above 1000 mS/m), while lower and less variable ECa values were recorded on the side slopes (ECa<200 mS/m). These areas correspond with eutric salic regosol identified on upper lands. The map of ECa measurements at surface show a higher variability of salinity then at depth at which the ground water disolved the salts. The instrument proved to be more efficient compared with traditional methods, regarding soil salinity mapping and delineating the soil boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper had as main objective the orientation to unconventional resources and protecting ecosystems, with significant participation in flow optimization of substances and nutrients, in limiting the use of resources and potentially harmful inputs. Greenhouse soils are subject to intensive technologies that determine deep changes of the upper layers of soil, especially the aggregation capacity, so require solutions to improve the structural condition, with implications for quality indicators that define the productive capacity of soils. Use of soil structure conditioners proved an effective measure, especially for heavy degradation of the soil structure, as evidenced in the current research of using soil conditioner under the culture of vegetables where there was a clear increase of stability of soil aggregates (from 49.1% to 68.4%) and consequently an improvement in physical and chemical properties of the soil. Research has highlighted also a distinction of structural composition of stable aggregates categories and that applying soil conditioner in double dose (4 L/ha) results no major differences, not being economic nor sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a concise overview of available statistics for rabbit livestock production and compares It with other meat production (chicken, pig, cattle). Data reflects quantities for production, trade, at European and world level and for Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to briefly emphasize the shale gas technology of extraction and because the important role of water within this process, the imperious need to preserve the water quality. If rigorous geological prospects indicate the presence of gas in shale, it is extracted using the hydraulic fracturing technology. The water delivered by tank trucks mixed with sand and additives is injected into a well, at near 1,500 m, under high pressure, from a pumper truck, through a probe (lined with several layers of steel and cements for protecting the groundwater of the fluids that are pumped through the probe and also of the natural gas that is released and collected inside the well). For obtaining gas from shale, holes are horizontally made in stainless steel and cement casing of the probe up to shale, and gas is extracted from the fractures with steel pipes. The reflux water is conducted to depuration stations in order to be cleaned and reused (about 10 - 30% is recycled). The residues (wastewater and solids) resulted from depuration process are stored in special facilities designed and built with aim of waste storage. Usually, such a well is productive for several decades. Complete exploitation of such facility needs about 10,000 -20,000 m3 water. By comparison with other types of fuels, the ratio water volume used/unit of energy, is the lowest for shale gas production. The negative experiences worldwide, concerning environmental protection, with accent on water issue, must be taken into consideration if Romania would implement hydraulic fracturing technology in order to obtain shale gas, especially focused on total accomplishment of exploitation standards and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development Strategy of Cluj-Napoca city imposes to establish directions, priorities and regulations for spatial and urban development. Rational and balanced use of land necessary for urban functions can only be based on a study of soil conditions justifying optimum land use categories. Soil survey of city appears as a necessity due to the changes by editing the new Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy RSST-2003 and to determine the use and suitability of land categories. As a result of soil survey have identified 12 genetic soil types belonging to classes Protisols, Luvisols, Cernisols, Hidrisols, Slasodjsols, Histisols and Antrisols. Soil survey allowed the development of hazards maps induced by soil degradation of land, on which settled areas to build temporary or permanent ban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutraceutical quality of garlic is a valuable attribute largely appreciated. The Allium sativurn L. combined with selenium supplements will lead to synergic effects, that will improve its preventive and curative action. The aim of this paper was to determine the crude chemical composition of A/hum sativwn L. variety de Cenad currently cultivated in Romania, with and without selenium supplements. The chemical analysis was performed in the Laboratory of the Environmental Engineering and Protection from the same university. The crude chemical composition was determined according to Weende pattern. Basic statistics was implemented using Statistica v 7.0, Windows version [41. The selenium supplementation of the A Ilium sativum L., de Cenad variety determined an increase of nutritional value emphasised by enhanced crude protein and crude content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ProEnvironment Promediu is the property of Bioflux SRL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After brief overview of features related to the concepts of waste and selective waste collection, the study presents the features related to the implementation of selective waste collection in Cluj - Napoca in 2009. Cluj Environmental Protection Agency has the duty of monitoring waste management in Cluj - Napoca, generally speaking, and of the household, in particular. In the end of 2009, the selective waste collection was implemented only partially, the quantities of municipal waste recycled and recovered were still low. For greater efficiency of selective waste collection system in Cluj - Napoca is recommended: better public information campaign, launching programs to educate for a clean environment and increased awareness efforts of all stakeholders (public and competent bodies in the field) on the importance of practicing a system of selective waste collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appeared on the European agenda in the early 1970s, environmental concern becomes one with the distinct signal from the Club of Rome, on diminishing natural resources and deterioration of water quality, air and soil. Creating Community environmental policy was made two years later (1972), developing as one of the most important Community policies. Its importance stems from the fact that environmental policy has become horizontal EU policy, environmental issues are considered binding on other EU policies. Regulations on procedures for investigation and assessment of soil and subsoil remediation in areas where soil, subsoil and terrestrial ecosystems were affected and those relating to protection of soil, subsoil and terrestrial ecosystems, are established by decisions of government, the proposal central public authority for environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to emphasize the last decade status of the most frequent mycotoxic contaminants of the common crop cereals: maize, wheat, barley, two row barley, soy, rye, etc. The structure of the main mycotoxins treated in this paper (ochratoxine, zearalenone, aflatoxine, trichotecene, patulin, fumonisine) is presented, mentioning the producing organisms. The limits stipulated by Romanian authorities are comparatively presented with those present in EU. The importance of the environmental factors (clime, temperature, moisture, storage conditions, etc.) on mycotoxic cereal contamination is also treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic agriculture is considered to be a durable system, in which the manure utilization assures a high quality of the production obtained and also of the soil's properties. Through application of high quantities of the organic fertilizers, in dozes of 50t/ha and 100 t/ha of manure, comparatively with variants fertilized with NPK and unfertilized variants, results showed an improvement of the soil's properties to all cultures as fallowed: pea-beans, wheat, potato and maize. The results obtained on argic phaeozem revealed that 50 t/ha manure applied on soil lead to increased the hydro stability of the soils aggregates between 5 and 8%, increased values of wilting point coefficient and also the pH values between 0,5 and 1 to all cultures. A higher quantity of manure, 100 t/ha has not showed high differences compare to witness regarding the aggregate stability and led to increase of the CO values, which means a negative effect during the drought season when plant cannot take the water from showers, which will be held from soil. Regarding the organic matter content, the values were different depending on culture and their efficiency to use manure. Thus, the differences between witness and 100 t/ha manure variant were the highest, at pea (2.12) and wheat culture (1.76). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ProEnvironment Promediu is the property of Bioflux SRL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By surface mining degradation without a selective topsoil of layer vegetation that later to cover the leveled sterile waste dumps radical changes take place in biological activity. Thus results with very low natural fertility. Enzymathic activity (dehydrogenase, catalase and saccharum on entiantrosoils) has values much lower compared to degraded soils. Covering waste dump material (entiantrosoil) even with 10 cm layer plant would be biological the "sowing" which would contribute to faster restoration of these "soil fertility's". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The restoring ecological structure and dynamics to an earlier state (presumably less disturbed by humans) generally and soil restoration particularly, became desiderate worldwide. Because it is a non-renewable resource it should be utilised in a sustainable manner. Good practice regarding soil removal and reinstatement requires that soils should be returned as closely as possible to their original state after disturbance. The primary objective of soil restoration is to minimise the degradation of the resource and to promote the reestablishment of a functional plant - soil system for the long-term. Failure to protect soils during disturbance results in their degradation, with consequent environmental impacts both on-site and off-site through: soil erosion, loss of soil organic matter and nutrients, leading to a decline in soil fertility; soil compaction leading to waterlogging and destruction of soil structure (important for root establishment); loss of biological activity and diversity due to poor storage conditions and loss of organic matter. The main principles of soil restoration includes the followings: Recognising the problems which can arise during removal, storage and reinstatement, either due to the sensitivity of the soils or poor management of the soil resource. Ensuring that soils are stripped according to horizon, and the horizons are replaced in order, can lead to avoid the soil truncation, inversion and mixing of subsoil and topsoil Avoiding damage to soil structure by compaction, which has significant long-term effects on both soft function and establishment of vegetation. The best practice is to avoid compaction but remedial action can also be taken to alleviate problems once they arise. When there may be insufficient soil for restoration due to the nature of the development project and in accidental soil loss. It is necessary in these exceptional cases to consider importing soils or using soil forming materials on-site. Successful restoration of soil and vegetation requires a degree of understanding of the role and importance of soil in terrestrial habitats, not only for sustaining vegetation, but also for its environmental functions such as storage and filtration of water. Soil restoration and reinstatement are integral to sustainable land use planning and are considered as part of most large-scale developments. The general principles and guidelines in this advisory note can also be applied to ensure successful restoration of soil for nature conservation. There is a need for a greater understanding of soil properties which are essential for supporting habitats of conservation value, particularly the tolerance and threshold values for soil physical and chemical properties for specific habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]