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13. Première campagne de fouille programmée sur le site multi-périodes de Porz ar Puns, île de Béniguet (Le Conquet, Finistère)

Author

Pailler, Yvan, Nicolas, Clement, CORSI, Laura, Dréano, Yvon, Jézéquel, Mael, Le Bris, Daniel, Leveque, Francois, Manceau, Lorraine, Paillard, Christine, Stéphan, Pierre, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Prévost, Camielsa, Villagran, Ximena, Chaire ArMeRIE UBO - Inrap, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), EVEHA (Etudes et valorisations archeologiques), Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC Brest), Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SRA Bretagne, and Programme archéologique molénais

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Suite à la succession de tempêtes de l’hiver 2013-2014, l’érosion marine, particulièrement active, a mis au jour plusieurs sites archéologiques le long du trait de côte de Béniguet. L’un d’entre eux correspond à un vaste niveau coquillier. Il est localisé au sud-est de l’île dans sa partie la plus étroite là où avaient été ramassés par le passé des ossements humains. Le recul de la dune, épaisse de plus de 4 m, a dégagé ce niveau coquillier sur une vingtaine de mètres de longueur. La découverte de silex taillés, de tessons campaniformes décorés, d’un perçoir fusiforme et d’une perle en test coquillier allaient clairement dans le sens d’une occupation de la Préhistoire récente. Afin de préciser l’étendue et la chronologie de cet amas coquillier, une première campagne de fouille programmée a été organisée en août 2021.Cette campagne a permis de reconnaître plusieurs occupations pré- et protohistoriques et médiévales, s’étendant sur plusieurs centaines de m², interstratifiés dans la dune et caractérisés pour la plupart par une large exploitation des ressources marines (coquillages, poissons). La bonne préservation de la faune est due à la présence massive de coquillages (patelles majoritairement). Sous la dune, un premier amas coquillier a livré des éléments rattachables au Néolithique final (style de Conguel ?) et au Campaniforme. Un premier ensablement est associé à une occupation plus ponctuelle, attestée par une modeste structure en pierre attribuable à la fin du IIIe millénaire. Peu de temps après, la dune connaît une période de stabilisation associée à un niveau coquillier daté du début de l’âge du Bronze ancien. Par la suite, une couche de sable blanc, épaisse de plus d’un mètre par endroits, se met en place relativement rapidement au début du Ier millénaire avant notre ère, sur la base des datations OSL. Ce n’est qu’à partir du VIIe siècle de notre ère qu’une importante occupation se manifeste par des séries de fosses, de poches coquillières et de restes humains, dont certains en cohérence anatomique ; ce qui semble suggérer que l’on ait affaire à un habitat et des sépultures du haut Moyen Âge. Après un nouvel épisode dunaire, une nouvelle occupation médiévale (X-XVIe s. ap. n. è.) est représentée par un mur éboulé associé à un sable limoneux noir, qui, dans les carottages, livre des patelles, de l’os et de la céramique.

Published
2022

14. A multidisciplinary approach to the spatial dimension in ecosystem-based fisheries management

Author

Le Floc'h Pascal, Bertignac Michel, Curtil Olivier, Macher Claire, Mariat-Roy Emilie, and Paulet Yves-Marie

Subjects
spatial scale, ecosystem-based fisheries management, marine protected area, socio-system, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH1-691
Abstract

This study considers how to reconcile different spatial scales to find the best common denominator to be used as an ecosystem-based management unit. For this, two fishery production zones differing ecologically, economically, legally and institutionally were investigated. The first case study is located within French territorial waters, in a MPA created in 2007- the Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise (PNMI). The second case study, the Bay of Biscay, covers both territorial waters and the French exclusive economic zone. The paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach. Relevant questions concern how marine space is shared between exploited species and fishing fleets, especially the spatial mobility strategies they employ. An assessment of the institutional system established for the PNMI contributes to the discussion of changes in coastal space use. It is obvious that the area in need of protection, defined on the basis of essential fish habitats, does not solely concern the fisheries located within the coastal zone. Experiments conducted by scientists and professionals in the Bay of Biscay provide other key points for the discussion in terms of what institutional frameworks to promote.

Published
2018
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16. Characterising Inter-Individual Growth Variability of Patella vulgata Shell Through Calcein Marking Experiments: Consequences for Palaeo-Environmental Studies.

Author

Cudennec, Jean-François and Paulet, Yves-Marie

Subjects
PATELLA, LIMPETS, COHORT analysis
Abstract

Sclerochronological data from archaeological shell middens provides crucial information about past environments and subsistence practices of coastal human populations. These studies rely on a strong knowledge of species-specific growth patterns, as it is the main driver of the quantity and quality of information recorded in biogenic carbonates. The limpet Patella vulgata is highly represented in eastern Atlantic shell middens. In this study, the micro-increment formation of its shell was investigated through in situ marking experiments, using calcein fluorochrome (150 mg.L−1) coupled with cohort study and local SST recording. Calcein-stained growth structures confirmed the efficacy of the fluorochrome, and our results shows a disturbed tidal increment formation, with on average more than one increment per day, but less than one increment per tide. Growth is not mainly influenced by environmental factors, but could be forced by competition among limpets and endogenous factor (age and sex), resulting in a highly heterogenous population in terms of growth rates. Growth interruption could not be detected solely by micro-increment observation, causing a major issue for cross-calibration with recorded temperatures, sclerochronological estimation of growth and isotopic profiles. For palaeo-environmental application, we recommend to consider that there is no general population pattern, even at a micro-habitat scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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17. How do the organic and mineral fractions drive the opacity of fish otoliths? Insights using Raman microspectrometry

Author

Jolivet, Aurelie, Bardeau, Jean-Francois, Fablet, Ronan, Paulet, Yves-Marie, and de Pontual, Helene

Subjects
Raman spectroscopy -- Methods, Aragonite -- Chemical properties -- Identification and classification, Hake -- Physiological aspects, Calculi -- Properties, Earth sciences
Abstract

We investigated the relationships between the opacity and the physico-chemical characteristics of fish otoliths and more specifically their aragonite and organic fractions. The analysis of these two fractions on otolith macrostructures was performed using Raman microspectrometry on both translucent and opaque zones of otoliths of pollock (Pollachius virens) and European hake (Merluccius merluccius). The magnitude of the Raman signatures of the aragonite and organic fractions were strongly correlated to otolith opacity with maxima in translucent zones. Opacity models, built from Raman signatures, successfully predicted the observed opacity for both species. A partial decorrelation of different aragonite signatures between translucent and opaque zones was revealed and discussed in terms of organisation (size, orientation) of aragonite crystals. Two categories of organic signatures with opposite effects on the opacity were identified, suggesting differences in organic compounds and (or) variations in their relative quantities. These original contributions provided new insight for understanding otolith biomineralization mechanisms as well as for interpreting and discriminating otolith macrostructures. Nous avons etudie les relations entre l'opacite et les caracteristiques physico-chimiques d'otolithes de poisson, en particulier leurs fractions minerale et organique. L'analyse de ces deux fractions dans les macrostructures d'otolithes a ete effectuee par micro-spectrometrie Raman sur des zones translucides et opaques d'otolithes de lieu noir (Pollachius virens)etde merlu (Merluccius merluccius). La magnitude des signatures Raman des fractions minerale et organique etait fortement correlee a l'opacite de l'otolithe, les maxima etant observes dans les zones translucides. Des modeles d'opacite etablis a la lumiere des signatures Raman ont predit avec succes l'opacite observee pour les deux especes. Une decorrelation partielle de differentes signatures d'aragonite entre les zones translucides et opaques est mise au jour, suggerant une relation avec l'organisation des cristaux d'aragonite (taille, orientation). Des contributions distinctes de deux categories de signatures organiques peuvent etre interpretees comme associees a des quantites et (ou) des proprietes differentes des composes organiques contenus dans les deux structures etudiees. Ces resultats contribuent a ameliorer la comprehension des mecanismes de biomineralisation des otolithes et aider a l'interpretation et la discrimination des macrostructures d'otolithes. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Otoliths are calcareous concretions in the inner ears of fish, consisting of calcium carbonate, mainly in the form of aragonite (90%-99% of the total otolith mass) and an organic [...]

Published
2013
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22. Strong kinetic effects on Sr/Ca ratios in the calcitic bivalve Pecten maximus

Author

Lorrain, Anne, Gillikin, David P., Paulet, Yves-Marie, Chauvaud, Laurent, Le Mercier, Alain, Navez, Jacques, and Andre, Luc

Subjects
Mollusks -- Research, Petrogenesis -- Research, Spontaneous generation -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Although Sr/Ca ratios in abiogenic calcite are strongly controlled by precipitation rates, such a kinetic effect has never been demonstrated in calcitic bivalve shells. Therefore, we report Sr/Ca ratios together with daily growth rates in the calcitic shells of four individuals of the bivalve Pecten maximus (age class I). Ratios of Sr/Ca were found to be variable among individuals that grew at the same location, illustrating that vital effects dominate over environmental controls. Although daily growth rate was correlated with shell Sr/Ca ratios, it explained only half of the Sr/Ca variations. However, daily shell surface area increment, an estimation of the total quantity of carbonate precipitated for a given time, explained 74% of the Sr/Ca variability in the shells of P. maximus. This proves, for the first time in a caicitic bivalve, that shell Sr/Ca partitioning is mainly controlled by kinetic effects. The Sr/Ca ratio should therefore be tested as a potential proxy of calcification rate in modern or fossil calcitic biocarbonates. Keywords: mollusc, calcite, strontium, magnesium, daily growth, temperature proxy.

Published
2005

24. The carpet shell Ruditapes decussatus in archaeological context: insights on season of collection and coastal paleo-temperature

Author

Gosselin, Marc, Dupont, Catherine, Poulain, Céline, Coz, Xavier Le, Marchand, Grégor, Munaron, Jean-Marie, Paillard, Christine, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Pustoc’h, François, Thébault, Julien, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), EPT of the European University of Brittany PROXARCHEOBIO - France (2010-2012 / CReAAH-LEMAR Leader C Dupont) France, scientific challenges of the University of Rennes 1 « SMS Shell-Middens Seasonality (2017 / Leader C. Dupont) », private donations, Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gosselin, Marc, Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Seasonality, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Shell Midden, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Bivalved Mollusc, Paleo-temperature, Sclerochronology, European Atlantic façade, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Ruditapes decussatus, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Sclerochemistry, Mesolithic
Abstract

International audience; Specimens of carpet shell Ruditapes decussatus from the Mesolithic shell midden (6th millennium BC) of Beg-an-Dorchenn (Brittany, France) were studied in order to access their period of collect as well as some insight on Paleo-temperature reconstructions. Cross sectioned shells display very clear growth structures free from diageneses allowing to assess a growth rhythm of 2 increments per lunar day. From this temporal framework, daily growth increments, fortnightly ridges, winter annual growth break and spawning events were characterized. The R. decussatus studied shells collected in late autumn and/or early spring period. Chemical analyses of shell carbonates were also conducted to access a preliminary range of potential sea temperature data from oxygen isotopes values (δ18Oshell). δ18Oshell shows seasonal variations but do not displays the whole range of temperature as R. decussatus have a growth break during winter. However, the range of reconstructed SST did not show nonsensical values and suggest sea temperatures slightly higher than the current ones. Thus, R. decussatus is particularly suited to address paleo-environmental issue at high temporal resolution such as the seasonal periodicity. To conclude additional sclerochronological and chemical researches on other mollusk species from Beg-an-Dorchenn or other Mesolithic shell middens along the European Atlantic façade will contribute to the problematics of seasonal occupation as well as climate variability at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition.

Published
2019

27. The Impossible Sustainability of the Bay of Brest? Fifty Years of Ecosystem Changes, Interdisciplinary Knowledge Construction and Key Questions at the Science-Policy-Community Interface

Author

Ragueneau, Olivier, Raimonet, Mélanie, Mazé, Camille, Coston-Guarini, Jennifer, Chauvaud, Laurent, Danto, Anatole, Grall, Jacques, Jean, Frédéric, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Thouzeau, Gérard, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), ANR-13-JCLI-0006,ARTISTICC,Recherche sur l'adaptation, une communauté transnationale et transdisciplinaire approche centrée sur la politique(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019/10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Co-adaptative management, Science-policy-community interface, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Fishermen, Interdisciplinarity, Continuum terre-mer, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Coquille saint-jacques, Land-ocean continuum, Zone Atelier Brest Iroise, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarité, Gestion co-adaptative, Maerl bed, Coastal communities, Great scallop, lcsh:Science, Pêche, Dredge, Communautés côtières, Pêcheurs, ACL, Bay of Brest, ZABrI, Interface science-politique-communauté, science-policy-community interface, land-ocean continuum, sustainability, Soutenabilité, Banc de maërl, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Fishing, Drague, Rade de Brest
Abstract

Cet article fait partie d'un EBOOK: Biogeochemistry and Genomics of Silicification and Silicifiers édité par Marion Gehlen, Stephen Baines, Brivaëla Moriceau et Paul Tréguer, publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Earth Science (ISSN 1664-8714 ; ISBN 978-2-88963-085-1 ; DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-085-1); International audience; In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.

Published
2018
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29. A multidisciplinary approach to the spatial dimension in ecosystem-based fisheries management

Author

Le Floc'H, Pascal, Bertignac, Michel, Curtil, Olivier, Macher, Claire, Mariat-roy, Emilie, Paulet, Yves-marie, Le Floc'H, Pascal, Bertignac, Michel, Curtil, Olivier, Macher, Claire, Mariat-roy, Emilie, and Paulet, Yves-marie

Abstract

This study considers how to reconcile different spatial scales to find the best common denominator to be used as an ecosystem-based management unit. For this, two fishery production zones differing ecologically, economically, legally and institutionally were investigated. The first case study is located within French territorial waters, in a MPA created in 2007- the Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise (PNMI). The second case study, the Bay of Biscay, covers both territorial waters and the French exclusive economic zone. The paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach. Relevant questions concern how marine space is shared between exploited species and fishing fleets, especially the spatial mobility strategies they employ. An assessment of the institutional system established for the PNMI contributes to the discussion of changes in coastal space use. It is obvious that the area in need of protection, defined on the basis of essential fish habitats, does not solely concern the fisheries located within the coastal zone. Experiments conducted by scientists and professionals in the Bay of Biscay provide other key points for the discussion in terms of what institutional frameworks to promote.

Published
2018
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30. Reproduction of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata , in the Bay of Brest, France

Author

Richard, Joëlle, Huet, Martial, Thouzeau, Gérard, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Richard, Joëlle, Huet, Martial, Thouzeau, Gérard, and Paulet, Yves-Marie

Abstract

The reproduction of Crepidula fornicata was studied in the Bay of Brest in order to characterise the first step of the reproductive cycle of this invasive species. The survey was carried out from 2000 to 2003 and different parameters were measured, namely, the percentage of the different sexual stages, the straight length of the shell and the percentage of brooding females using a survey of the embryonic development and the fecundity. The juvenile frequency increases generally from mid-June or mid-August, depending on the year. In 2001 and 2003, a first peak was observed as early as May, but it was followed by a rapid disappearance of the individuals. The sex-ratio female/male increased from 0.22 to 0.46 between 2001 and 2003. The sex change between intermediates and females took place mainly in summer and was well marked in 2001 and 2003. The survey of the embryonic development in the egg capsules brooded by the females provided an annual phenology of the laying and hatching processes. The laying period extends from February to September with three to four major periods of egg-laying per year and corresponding hatching periods about 1 month later. Each female lays two to four times per year on average. The first egg-laying concerned fewer females than subsequent ones, except in 2003, and exhibited a higher fecundity. The annual mean of the number of eggs for each stage was not significantly different, thus indicating no significant mortality rate during embryonic development. For the C. fornicata population in the Bay of Brest, several reproductive characteristics tend to highlight its invasive capacity: (1) a long reproductive period, (2) reproduction in a ‘multi-trials' process equivalent to a spreading out of the risks and (3) a relatively high fecundity

Published
2018

34. An holistic approach of international collaborations in marine sciences

Author

Dosdat, Antoine, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Aslanian, Daniel, Hervé, Sébastien, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Europole Mer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), UMS 3113, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université de Brest (UBO), Europole Mer Working group Brazil, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer/UBO, Ifremer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Le système Amazone, sciences marines, Coastal management, marine sciences, France-Brazil collaborations, Relations continent-océan, Paléoclimat-Paléocéanographie, Gestion du domaine côtier, Palaeoclimate, University on board, collaborations franco-brésiliennes, palaeoceanography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Land-Ocean connectivity, Université embarquée, Amazon system
Abstract

Cover illustration and graphic design : Sébastien Hervé / UBO-IUEM ;Coord : Dominique Simon; From the beginning, the Buzios whorkshop was conceived and built to be an exceptional workshop or meeting, based firmly on a common desire to determine new shared perspectives on the marine sciences. Six months later, we can look back and say that it was a highly original and ambitious venture.

Published
2014

35. An evaluation of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios as environmental proxies in aragonite bivalve shells

Author

Poulain, C., Gillikin, D. P., Thebault, Julien, Munaron, Jean-marie, Bohn, M, Robert, Rene, Paulet, Yves-marie, Lorrain, Anne, Poulain, C., Gillikin, D. P., Thebault, Julien, Munaron, Jean-marie, Bohn, M, Robert, Rene, Paulet, Yves-marie, and Lorrain, Anne

Abstract

The influence of salinity and water chemistry on Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios in the aragonitic shells of the Manila clam were investigated. Clams were reared at constant temperature (20 °C) under different controlled conditions of salinity, commonly encountered in their natural habitat. Clams were held in three tanks with a constant salinity of 35 for the first 35 days and then two tanks were changed to lower salinities (20 and 28) for the next 29 days. Individual shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios were studied through time. Despite stable conditions (temperature, salinity, and Mg/Cawater) for clams reared at salinity 35 during the experiment, Mg/Ca shell ratios increased through the time. Moreover the salinity decrease at t35 slowed the increase of Mg/Ca shell ratios at salinity 28 and resulted in a Mg/Cashell decrease at salinity 20, despite similar Mg/Cawater ratios in the different salinity treatments. Microprobe analyses illustrate that Mg varies along contemporaneous growth lines. The variable shell Mg/Ca ratios suggests that incorporation of magnesium into shell carbonate is strongly regulated by the organism and not by environmental conditions. Interestingly, microprobe analyses illustrated that Mg was not associated with shell sulfur as other studies have suggested. Sr/Ca shell ratios of clams reared at salinity 35 and under constant conditions were also not as constant as expected if Sr/Ca ratios were an environmental proxy. There was an inverse correlation between shell Sr/Ca and salinity despite a slight positive correlation between salinity and Sr/Ca ratios of the water, indicating that Sr/Ca ratios do not reflect environmental conditions. A strong inverse correlation between salinity and Ba/Ca shell ratios (and a positive correlation between Ba/Ca shell and Ba/Ca water) was observed. Therefore, Ba/Ca shell ratios seem to be a promising proxy of high-resolution (1 day) salinity variations in estuarine waters (via the relationship between Ba/Ca water

Published
2015
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36. Preliminary observations of survival and growth of European hake in captivity

Author

Jolivet, A., De Pontual, Hélène, Hervy, M., Paulet, Yves-Marie, Fablet, Ronan, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Département Signal et Communications (SC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Food conversion, Fish farming, Merluccius merluccius, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Temperature, Biomass, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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40. Gregariousness and protandry promote reproductive insurance in the invasive gastropod Crepidula fornicata: evidence from assignment of larval paternity

Author

Dupont, L., Richard, Joëlle, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Thouzeau, Gérard, Viard, Frédérique, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biological Association (MBA UK), Marine Biological Association, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
sequential hermaphrodite, larvae, social groups, reproductive and urinary physiology, microsatellites, paternity analyses, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; According to the size-advantage hypothesis, protandric sequential hermaphroditism is expected when the increase in reproductive success with age or size is small for males but large for females. Interestingly, some protandrous molluscs have developed gregarious strategies that might enhance male reproductive success but at the cost of intraspecific competition. The gastropod Crepidula fornicata, a European invading species, is ideal for investigating mating patterns in a sequential hermaphrodite in relation to grouping behaviour because individuals of different size (age) live in perennial stacks, fertilization is internal and embryos are brooded. Paternity analyses were undertaken in stacks sampled in three close and recently invaded sites in Brittany, France. Paternity assignment of 239 larvae, sampled from a set of 18 brooding females and carried out using five microsatellite loci, revealed that 92% of the crosses occurred between individuals located in the same stack. These stacks thus function as independent mating groups in which individuals may reproduce consecutively as male and female over a short time period, a pattern explained by sperm storage capacity. Gregariousness and sex reversal are promoting reproductive insurance in this species. In addition, females are usually fertilized by several males (78% of the broods were multiply sired) occupying any position within the stack, a result reinforcing the hypothesis of sperm competition. Our study pointed out that mating behaviours and patterns of gender allocation varied in concert across sites suggesting that multiple paternities might enhance sex reversal depending on sperm competition intensity.

Published
2006
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42. The shell of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus as a high frequency archive of paleoenvironmental change

Author

Chauvaud, Laurent, Lorrain, Anne, Dunbar, Robert B., Paulet, Yves-Marie, Thouzeau, Gérard, Jean, Frédéric, Guarini, Jean-Marc, Mucciarone, David A., Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thons tropicaux et écosystèmes pélagiques : taxies, interactions et stratégies d'exploitation (THETIS), Department of Geological Sciences [Stanford] (GS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the environmental and biological controls on oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of modern Pecten maximus bivalves collected alive in the bay of Brest (France). Seasonal δ18O profiles obtained by drilling the daily calcite ridges deposited at the surface of the left valve were compared with in situ measurements of temperature and salinity. We show that P. maximus δ18O values accurately track seasonal variations in bottom water temperature. Shell growth rate has no significant effect on shell δ18O values. Our study demonstrates that daily variations in water temperature can be reconstructed within about 0.5°C. Temperatures estimated with the paleotemperature equation established in this study, were compared with temperatures derived from previously published equations. The comparison indicates that the most commonly used paleotemperature equation for biogenic calcite [Epstein et al., 1953] provides inaccurate temperature estimates, but the Kim and O'Neil [1997] equation, established from abiogenic calcite precipitation, provides results very similar to ours, and should therefore be used for scallop individuals coming from populations where proper empirical calibration cannot be done. Pecten maximus bivalves precipitate calcite in isotopic equilibrium with seawater, produce large daily growth striae, are stenohaline and are well preserved in archeological and geological deposits making them an excellent high frequency archive of paleoenvironmental change.

Published
2005
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43. Shell of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus as a high-frequency archive of paleoenvironmental changes

Author

Chauvaud, Laurent, Lorrain, Anne, Dunbar, Robert B., Paulet, Yves-Marie, Thouzeau, Gérard, Jean, Frédéric, Guarini, Jean-Marc, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thons tropicaux et écosystèmes pélagiques : taxies, interactions et stratégies d'exploitation (THETIS), Department of Geological Sciences [Stanford] (GS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles (CREMA), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
shell growth rate, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, biogenic calcite, oxygen, bivalve, isotopes
Abstract

We investigate the environmental and biological controls on oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of modern Pecten maximus bivalves collected alive in the Bay of Brest (France). Seasonal d 18 O profiles, obtained by drilling the daily calcite ridges deposited at the surface of the left valve, were compared with in situ measurements of temperature and salinity. We show that P. maximus d 18 O values accurately track seasonal variations in bottom water temperature. Shell growth rate has no significant effect on shell d 18 O values. Our study demonstrates that daily variations in water temperature can be reconstructed within about 0.5°C. Temperatures estimated with the paleotemperature equation established in this study were compared with temperatures derived from previously published equations. The comparison indicates that the most commonly used paleotemperature equation for biogenic calcite (Epstein et al., 1953) provides inaccurate temperature estimates, but the Kim and O'Neil (1997) equation, established from abiogenic calcite precipitation, provides results very similar to ours and should therefore be used for scallop individuals coming from populations where proper empirical calibration cannot be done. Pecten maximus bivalves precipitate calcite in isotopic equilibrium with seawater, produce large daily growth striae, are stenohaline, and are well preserved in archeological and geological deposits, making them an excellent high-frequency archive of paleoenvironmental change.

Published
2005
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44. Effect of photoperiod on conditioning of the great scallop

Author

Duinker, Arne, Saout, Christelle, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
reproduction, endocrine system, stomatognathic system, biological sciences, great scallop, oocytes, Pecten maximus, laboratory experiment, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, photoperiod, reproductive and urinary physiology, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; A 45 days experiment was conducted by exposing adult scallops with empty gonads to three different photoperiod regimes under constant food and temperature conditions: Simulated natural/decreasing photoperiod (N), constant photoperiod (C) and increasing photoperiod (I). At the end of the experiment the I and C groups had significantly higher gonad indexes and larger oocyte diameters compared to the N group. No significant changes were found in the N group during the experiment. The adductor muscles and digestive glands did not change significantly during the experiment and no differences were found between the groups. These results suggest that photoperiod affects early rebuilding of gonads in scallops from Western Norway.

Published
2004
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46. A decarbonation and preservation method for the analysis of organic C and N contents and stable isotope ratios of low-carbonated suspended particulate material

Author

Lorrain, Anne, Savoye, Nicolas, Chauvaud, Laurent, Paulet, Yves-Marie, Naulet, Norbert, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'analyse isotopique et électrochimique de metabolismes (LAIEM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Electrochimique de Métabolismes (UMR 6006 CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study was to determine a simple routine procedure to preserve, decarbonate and analyse low-carbonated filters of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) for particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content, δ13C and δ15N. Our goal was to analyse these four parameters from a single and entire filter of POM without altering the organic material. First, freezing (-20°C) versus oven-drying (60°C) were compared as the initial preservation step. Afterwards, non-acidified samples were compared to acid-treated samples using 0.12N HCl (diluted HCl rinsing at the end of the filtration) or 12N HCl (filters exposed to HCl fumes for four hours in a dessicator). Regarding the preservation methods, our results indicate that freezing increases the uncertainty of δ15N measurements and, in combination with concentrated HCl treatment, leads to a loss of particulate nitrogen and an alteration of the δ15N signature. Consequently, we recommend drying to preserve filter samples. Regarding acid treatments, we found that (i) diluted HCl would not be sufficient to fully remove the carbonate from our samples, (ii) in contrast, a four-hour exposure of the filters to the HCl fumes was enough to remove all the inorganic carbon, and (iii) the concentrated HCl treatment did not alter the nitrogen measurements (only when drying without freezing is used to preserve the filters). Consequently, we propose that low-carbonated POM filters are preserved by drying and carbonates are removed by exposing the filters to HCl fumes (four hours) for the analysis of particulate organic C and N content and isotope ratios.

Published
2003

48. La crépidule en rade de Brest : un paradoxe pour le devenir de la coquille Saint-Jacques

Author

Chauvaud, Laurent, Thouzeau, Gérard, Grall, J., Paulet, Yves-Marie, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rapport sur la Science et la Technologie, and Thouzeau, Gérard

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Published
2003

49. La crépidule : identifier les mécanismes de sa prolifération et caractériser ses effets sur le milieu pour envisager sa gestion (Chantier : Rade de Brest)

Author

Thouzeau, Gerard, Chauvaud, Laurent, Clavier, Jacques, Donval, Anne, Guerin, Laurent, Jean, Fred, Le Hir, Maryvonne, Lorrain, Anne, Marc, Robert, Paulet, Yves-marie, Raffin, Coralie, Richard, Joëlle, and Richard, Marion

Abstract

En 1999, le risque écologique encouru par les écosystèmes côtiers soumis à la prolifération de la crépidule, Crepidula fornicata, a été pleinement reconnu par la communauté scientifique nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, le Programme National Environnement Côtier (PNEC) et le programme national LITEAU ont tous deux identifié des actions thématiques prioritaires sur la dynamique de prolifération de la crépidule et les interactions crépidule/bivalves exploités. Les actions du LEMAR (UMR 6539 CNRS) sur cette thématique s’inscrivent dans deux projets : 1 - La crépidule : identifier les mécanismes de sa prolifération et caractériser ses effets sur le milieu pour envisager sa gestion. » (LITEAU) 2 - Recrutement, milieu physique et interactions d'espèces en environnement côtier : cas des mollusques » (PNEC ART2) En rade de Brest, l’accent est mis sur l’interaction des cycles biologiques de la crépidule et de la coquille Saint-Jacques. Les objectifs poursuivis en rade de Brest s’articulent en 4 points, dans le cadre de LITEAU : 1- Dynamique de colonisation de la crépidule en rade de Brest : acquisition des paramètres de dynamique de population (caractéristiques du cycle reproducteur, déterminisme du recrutement, dispersion, croissance, sensibilité aux efflorescences toxiques...) ; 2- Impact de cette prolifération sur l’évolution de la nature sédimentaire des zones colonisées et l’enrichissement en matière organique (par le biais de l’activité alimentaire et de la production de biodépôts) ; 3- Modifications engendrées sur les peuplements benthiques dans leur globalité (sites ateliers). La strate à crépidules, au sens biosédimentaire et écologique, verra sa définition affinée et sa dynamique analysée en vue d'obtenir un modèle prévisionnel des évolutions possibles en matière de biodiversité ; 4- Rôle de la crépidule dans le contrôle de la production primaire phytoplanctonique (par le biais des activités de filtration et de production de biodépôts).

Published
2002

50. Experimental shift of diet and DIC stable carbon isotopes: Influence on shell delta C-13 values in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Author

Poulain, C., Lorrain, Anne, Mas, R., Gillikin, D. P., Dehairs, F., Robert, Rene, Paulet, Yves-marie, Poulain, C., Lorrain, Anne, Mas, R., Gillikin, D. P., Dehairs, F., Robert, Rene, and Paulet, Yves-marie

Abstract

The influences of diet and seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on the carbon isotope composition of shell aragonite (Cinched in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum reared under laboratory conditions were investigated. Clams were exposed to two successive negative carbon isotope shifts: a first shift in diet (delta C-13(phytoplankton)) and a second shift, 35 days later, in DIC (delta C-13(DIC)). Both successive shifts induced a decrease in delta C-13(shell). These results are the first to experimentally confirm an incorporation of respired carbon derived from food and carbon from DIC into shell carbonate of adult bivalves. Skeletal delta C-13 responded to changes in the delta C-13 of both diet and DIC in less than 7 days. Consequently, proxies based on delta C-13(shell) may be used with high temporal resolution. Using delta C-13(phycoplankton) as a proxy for the carbon isotope composition of respired carbon (delta C-13(R)) resulted in a rather constant percentage of metabolic carbon (C-M) into the shell carbonate over time (close to 12%). However, an accurate estimation of delta C-13(R) is required in order to precisely estimate the percentage of metabolic carbon incorporated into the shell. Despite the significant incorporation of metabolic carbon into shell carbonate, our experimental results revealed that delta C-13(shell) was highly correlated with delta C-13(DIC) (r(2)=0.77, p<0.0001). Thus it seems that delta C-13(shell) is a promising proxy of large scale variations in delta C-13(DIC) and therefore of salinity in estuarine water. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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