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Context Choline is an essential nutrient in broiler diets, and its supplementation is traditionally made using choline chloride, a synthetic ingredient that is difficult to handle and store because of its hygroscopicity. A natural choline alternative may have benefits for feed manufacturing and broiler performance. Aim The objective of the present study was to examine the use of a plant source of choline to replace choline chloride in broiler diets. Methods Male Cobb broilers (n = 1120) were reared from Day 1 to Day 42 in boxes in an industrial shed and fed isonutritive diets based on maize and soybean meal. The experimental design was completely randomised with four treatments, eight replicates and 35 birds per replicate. Treatments were: control, choline source 100% choline chloride; and replacement of 25%, 50% and 100% of choline chloride with herbal choline. Herbal choline was derived from Ocimum sanctum, Andrographis paniculata, Silybum marianum, Glycine max and Azadirachta indica. Production performance, carcass and cut yields (at Day 42), feathering score and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Key results There were no differences among the treatments for weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, or carcass and cut yields. However, lot uniformity improved when 100% herbal choline replaced choline chloride. There was no difference among treatments for feathering score, but feather percentage (at Day 42) was highest in treatments with herbal choline associated with choline chloride (25:75 or 50:50). The 100% herbal choline treatment resulted in lower concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein at Days 21 and 42. Conclusions Herbal choline can fully replace choline chloride in broiler diets. Implications Use of plant choline in broiler diets reduces ingredient losses and improves chicken health by reducing serum low-density lipoprotein.

Game-Based Learning (GBL) is increasingly widespread as a learning technique in the engineering studies. However, this innovative methodology may be difficult to incorporate in some subjects due to their complex contents. This paper aims at combining traditional learning methodologies with game mechanics by using an ad-hoc gaming web environment and mobile devices to analyse the academic performance and motivation in engineering studies. A comparative study was carried out with 96 first-year engineering students. In this experience, the students were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (EG). The first group made use of the traditional learning methodology used, whilst the second group combined the traditional methodology with GBL and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The obtained results show that EG students significantly improve their academic performance and motivation, expressing a succinctly greater interest in the studied subject. Therefore, the integration of GBL in the teaching methodology could have a very positive impact as well as it could greatly ease the teaching-learning process in engineering studies.

Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Research on immunotherapeutic agents has become a focus for the treatment of fish diseases. The ability of algae to produce secondary metabolites of potential interest as immunotherapeutics has been documented. The present research intended to assess antiviral and antibacterial activities of macro- and microalgae extracts against viral and bacterial pathogens and explore their immunomodulatory potential using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model organism. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of eight methanolic and ethanolic extracts from two macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana, Chlorella sp.) were analyzed in established fish cell lines. Six extracts were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity by disk diffusion and growth inhibition assays. The three most promising extracts were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition, incorporated at 1% into a plant-based diet, and evaluated their effect on zebrafish immune response and intestinal morphology in a short-term feeding trial. All extracts exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia and/or infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses. Methanolic extracts from F. vesiculosus and U. rigida were richer in saturated fatty acids and exhibited in vitro antibacterial action against several bacteria. Most promising results were obtained in vivo with F. vesiculosus methanol extract, which exerted an anti-inflammatory action when incorporated alone into diets and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, when combined with the other extracts. Moreover, dietary inclusion of the extracts improved intestinal morphology. In summary, the results obtained in this study support the potential of algae as natural sources of bioactive compounds for the aquaculture industry., M. Monteiro, A. S. Lavrador, R. A. Santos, and F. Rangel were supported by grants SFRH/BD/114995/2016, ZEBRALGRE_BM_2019-003, SFRH/BD/131069/2017, and SFRH/BD/138375/2018, respectively, from FCT — Foundation for Science and Technology, under the POCI program. A. Couto C. Serra and P. Enes have a scientific employment contract supported by national funds through FCT. E. da Costa and M. R. Domingues are financially supported by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020 + UIDP/50017/2020), QOPNA (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019), LAQV/REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), and RNEM (LISBOA-01–0145-FEDER-402–022125). This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding to UID/Multi/04423/2019 (POCI-01–0145-FEDER-007621) through national funds provided by FCT under the project PTDC/CVT-WEL/5207/2014.

ObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of a cervical cancer screening program based on visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine using a smartphone in a sub-urban area of very low resources in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo).MethodsThis cross-sectional validation study was conducted at Monkole Hospital and it included women between the ages of 25–70 years after announcing a free cervical cancer screening campaign through posters placed in the region of our hospital. Questionnaires collected sociodemographic and behavioral patients characteristics. In the first consultation, we gathered liquid-based cytology samples from every woman. At that time, local health providers performed two combined visual inspection techniques (5% acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine) while a photograph was taken with a smartphone. Two international specialists evaluated the results of the smartphone cervicography. When a visual inspection was considered suspicious, patients were offered immediate cryotherapy. Cytological samples were sent to the Pathology Department of the University of Navarra for cytological assessment and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping.ResultsA total of 480 women participated in the study. The mean age was 44.6 years (range 25–65). Of all the patients, only 18.7% were infected with HPV (75% had high-risk genotypes). The most frequent high-risk genotype found was 16 (12.2%). The majority (88%) of women had normal cytology. After comparing combined visual inspection results with cytology, we found a sensitivity of 66.0%, a specificity of 87.8%, a positive predictive value of 40.7%, and a negative predictive value of 95.3% for any cytological lesion. The negative predictive value for high-grade lesions was 99.7%.ConclusionsCervical cancer screening through combined visual inspection, conducted by non-specialized personnel and monitored by experts through smartphones, shows encouraging results, ruling out high-grade cytological lesions in most cases. This combined visual inspection test is a valid and affordable method for screening programs in low-income areas.

En las últimas décadas el uso del automóvil particular y la motocicleta ha aumentado significativamente en muchas ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Junto con la rápida urbanización y el descenso en el uso del transporte público, el mayor uso de vehículos privados ha tenido un severo impacto en los niveles de congestión, contaminación, accidentes y ruido. En este contexto, este estudio busca explicar por qué los habitantes de dos ciudades de ALC -Bogotá (Colombia) y Santiago (Chile)- prefieren utilizar la movilidad privada frente a otros modos. La metodología utilizada se basa en el levantamiento de información de preferencias reveladas (PR) y técnicas econométricas para modelar el comportamiento de los usuarios, permitiendo: (1) estudiar el efecto del hábito y otros factores subjetivos en el uso del automóvil; (2) identificar el efecto de la estructura familiar y del viaje en el uso del carro; (3) examinar el potencial impacto de la adquisición del vehículo; y (4) estudiar el fenómeno de tenencia en su relación con el hogar y su entorno. El documento finaliza con una sección de discusiones de política pública para incentivar el cambio modal y, con ello, impulsar una movilidad más sostenible en las ciudades de la región.

Background: Reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes that include a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise is recommended in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We pilot-tested the effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training (DE–HIIRT) program on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables in patients with established CAD. Methods: A total of 22 participants, aged 60.0 ± 7.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Over 3 months, under the guidance and supervision of a physiotherapist, participants performed the resistance exercises 2×/week in a group setting (cohort of 11). Participants additionally attended three sessions of dietary education led by a dietician. Participants demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of dietary education by picking heart-healthy foods by reading food labels. Outcomes included change in diet (measured using the tricipital skinfold thickness Mediterranean Diet Adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ)) and anthropometric measurements (body composition, body circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness). A paired t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the baseline and post-intervention results. Results: Participants significantly increased their consumption of vegetables (p = 0.04) and lowered their consumption of sweet snacks (p = 0.007), pastries (p = 0.02), and processed food (p = 0.05). Significant improvements in body mass index (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.0001), hip circumference (p = 0.04), and body fat (p = 0.0001) were also achieved. Conclusion: Making lifestyle changes that include both diet and exercise is essential in the management of CAD. The HIIRT program combined with dietary changes shows promise in achieving weight-loss goals in this population and needs to be further investigated with appropriate study designs.

The interest in using marine organisms as a source of novel bioactive compounds has increased recently, reinforcing the need to find efficient and cost-effective methods to extract these biocompounds. Thus, the present study has focused on evaluating four solvent systems and three extraction methods to obtain extracts of three macroalgae (Gracilaria sp., Fucus vesiculosus, and Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis gaditana). The extracts were evaluated regarding yield, phenolic content, and potential antioxidant activity. Results showed that a lower organic solvent:water ratio increased macroalgae, but not microalgae, biomass extraction efficiency. Levels of total phenolics, ortho-diphenols and flavonoids were highly influenced by algae material and solvent system applied. Strong 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity was obtained with ethanol:water, 80:20 (E80:20) microalgal extracts, while no visible trend was detected for macroalgae extracts. However, methanolic extracts were the most effective in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In macroalgae, a high positive correlation was observed between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity while in microalgae, the opposite was verified, suggesting that in microalgae, phenolic compounds are not the main contributors to the observed antioxidant capacity.

Nannochloropsis gaditana was tested as functional ingredient in low fishmeal diets for gilthead seabream juveniles, and its short‐term effects were evaluated in terms of intestinal morphology, digestive function, intestinal immunological and oxidative status, and intestinal microbiota. A diet with 850 g/kg of the protein provided by plant feedstuffs and 150 g/kg provided by fishmeal was used as control, and three other diets identical to the control were supplemented with 5, 7.5 and 15 g/kg N. gaditana meal and fed to 56.6 g fish for 37 days. At the end of this period, intestinal mucosa integrity and digestive capacity (luminal enzyme activity and absorption) were not altered by dietary microalgae supplementation. Intestinal transcript levels of key markers of inflammation (IL‐1β and TNF‐α) and of key enzymes involved in redox homeostasis (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase) were also similar across experimental groups. However, microbiota richness increased with dietary supplementation of microalgae, and such modulation requires further investigation, particularly regarding its potential effects on disease resistance at short and long term.

Os maus tratos contra caes e uma noticia frequentemente abordada em diversasmidias sociais, entretanto, sao raros os estudos que visam a compreensao dosaspectos ligados a esta pratica, da identificacao do tipo de maus tratos e dascaracteristicas dos caes acometidos. Considerando estes aspectos, o presenteestudo visou a identificacao da raca, sexo, porte e idade dos caes que sofrerammaus tratos, os principais tipos de maus tratos praticados e a existencia deassociacao entre os dados obtidos. Para tanto, realizou-se examesanatomopatologicos e a analise de 30 casos em que se houve a confirmacao demaus tratos, considerando os topicos previstos na legislacao. Os dados foramsubmetidos ao teste Qui-quadrado de aderencia e o Teste-G. Identificou-se que oscaes vitimas de maus tratos normalmente sao SRD, adultos e de medio ou pequenoporte. Alem disso, pode-se constatar que o abandono e o tipo de maus tratos maisfrequente, sendo que os animais normalmente sao resgatados da rua. Em relacaoaos animais com lesoes, a maioria destes apresentavam dermatopatias. Nao foramidentificadas diferencas significativas entre o sexo, estado nutricional e presenca deectoparasitas entre os animais resgatados.

Background : Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of neoplasms diagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavity organs. This study reports a case of primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Case : A 14-year-old, 35 kg female mongrel canine with a history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume with neoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformation exhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed the existence of focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collections of different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cells of neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nuclei of the cells were large, eccentric and irregular, with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited marked anisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Moderately inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoid follicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests revealed marked and discrete immunostaining for anti-vimentin and anti-S100 antibodies, respectively. No staining was observed for anti-pan cytokeratin, anti-desmin, anti-alpha smooth muscle actin or anti-CD20 antibodies. Based on anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects, it was concluded to be a splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma of primary origin. Discussion : the spleen is not a common anatomical site for the development of liposarcoma, a neoplasm whose origin remains unclear. Similar to what occurs in humans, liposarcoma is believed to develop from the adipose tissue of the splenic hilum. Thus, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of invasive abdominal tumors. For the identification and classification of liposarcoma as a pleomorphic subtype, we considered mainly histological findings such as marked cell atypia and intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which may or may not be present in neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical examination favored the diagnosis of liposarcoma, regardless of the subtype, due to the marked immunostaining for the anti-vimentin antibody, unlike immunostaining for the anti-S100 antibody, for which it was variable. This fact is related to adipocyte differentiation, where lower amounts of intracytoplasmic lipids translate into lower immunostaining intensity for anti-S100. Histological and immunostaining aspects should be regarded with caution in the diagnosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma, as it is a distinct neoplastic entity, with a complex karyotype and without correlation with the other subtypes.

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the species Leishmania infantum. The spleen and lymph nodes undergo morphological changes during CanL. This research aimed to perform an anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of these organs in dogs reactive to leishmaniasis in the Dual-path Platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP®) and Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA). Twenty-seven dogs were evaluated for anatomopathological examination with 92.6% showing changes at gross evaluation, specially splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. All dogs showed changes in the spleen unrelated to the parasitic load, with granulomatous splenitis being the most severe change. Diffuse cortical and paracortical hyperplasia, and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the medullary cords were observed in the lymph node. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. were found in the spleen and lymph node at histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, with good agreement between these evaluations (k = 0.55, p = 0.00124), but no difference was observed in the parasitic intensity of these organs at immunohistochemistry (p = 0.23). It was concluded that spleen and lymph node from dogs reactive to leishmaniasis on the DPP® and ELISA tests show histomorphological changes resulting from the disease, independent to the parasitic load, as well as these organs show similar parasitic load at immunohistochemical test. Resumo A leishmaniose canina (CanL) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário da espécie Leishmania infantum. O baço e os linfonodos sofrem alterações morfológicas durante o CanL. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico desses órgãos em cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes de Imunoensaio Cromatográfico “Dual Path Platform” (DPP®) e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática (ELISA). Vinte e sete cães foram avaliados ao exame anatomopatológico, com 92,6% exibindo alterações à avaliação macroscópica, especialmente esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia. Todos os cães apresentaram alterações no baço não relacionadas à carga parasitária, sendo a esplenite granulomatosa a alteração mais grave. Hiperplasia cortical e paracortical difusa e hiperplasia e hipertrofia dos cordões medulares foram observadas nos linfonodos. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram encontradas no baço e linfonodo às avaliações histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, com boa concordância entre os métodos (k = 0,55, p = 0,00124), mas não foi observada diferença na intensidade parasitária entre esses órgãos à imuno-histoquímica (p = 0,23). Conclui-se que baço e linfonodo de cães reativos para leishmaniose aos testes DPP® e ELISA apresentam alterações histomorfológicas decorrentes da doença, independente da carga parasitária, assim como esses órgãos apresentam carga parasitária semelhante ao método imuno-histoquímico.

Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a wild mammal distributed in Central and South America; nowadays, it is classified as an endangered species. Research about the macroscopic and histomorphological aspects of its respiratory tract is scarce, and, sometimes, it limits the treatment provided to sick animals and impairs species preservation. Thus, the present study aims to describe the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of its lower respiratory tract, including trachea and lungs. To do so, 12 adult giant anteaters from “Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de Goiânia” (CETAS-GO), Goiás State, Brazil, were used in the research after natural death or euthanasia. Three of these animals were used for macroscopic assessments; they were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and dissected. Trachea and lung tissue samples were collected from nine animals right after death and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histomorphological analysis; they were processed, embedded in paraffin, and inked with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson’s trichrome. The macroscopic analysis showed that the trachea in this species is proportionally short and presents from 19 to 27 tracheal cartilages. The right lung presents four lobes and the left one, two. The microscopic analysis evidenced respiratory epithelium of the ciliated cylindrical pseudostratified type, without evident goblet cells in the mucosa layer of the trachea and bronchi. The pulmonary visceral pleura is thick, similar to other large domestic mammals - complete septa extend from the pulmonary visceral pleura. In conclusion, the macroscopy and histomorphology of giant anteater’s lower respiratory tract, represented by trachea and lungs, are similar to that of other domestic and wild mammals. Pulmonary histomorphology is mainly similar to that of pigs and ruminants: it has thick visceral pleura that emits complete septa of conjunctive tissue, which enable lobular parenchymal architecture.

This study analyses the prevalence of sexting and the reasons and attitudes associated with its practice in adolescents with different cultural backgrounds (Colombia and Spain). The sample is made up of 489 Spaniards and 510 Colombians aged between 13 and 18 years. The results show that sexting is strongly influenced by gender and the country, in favor of men and Colombians respectively. The interaction between gender and country establishes that in Spain women and men practice sexting equally, while in Colombia men practice much more sexting than women. Although the practice of sexting increases progressively with age, the levels are higher among Colombian adolescents, especially after 15 years. According to the results, although both groups present a high risk for sexting, socio-cultural aspects and gender constitute differential variables to be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to design preventive strategies including cultural differences in relation to the sexuality.

In this study the correlation between the clinical score, mast cell count and interleukin 31 (IL-31) immunostaining in the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis was determined. A total of 31 dogs of different breeds, from one to eight years of age, were chosen for the study. The 20 females and 11 males were categorized based on the CADESI-4 system, as having discrete, moderate or marked atopic dermatitis. Skin samples were collected from the axillary and interdigital regions and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for cytohistomorphological analyses and toluidine blue to evaluate the mast cell counts, and immunohistochemistry for the IL-31 immunostaining. Animals revealing higher atopic dermatitis scores had greater numbers of mast cells and IL-31 immunolabeled cells. More numbers of cells immunolabeled for IL-31 were evident in the axillary skin compared with the interdigital skin in dogs having this condition. A correlation was identified between the clinical scores and mast cell numbers in the interdigital region, as well as between the clinical scores and number of cells immunolabeled for IL-31 in the axillary area. A correlation was also reported between the mast cell numbers and IL-31 immunolabeled cells only in the axillary skin, and none in the interdigital regions. It was thus concluded that the mast cells and IL-31 are involved in the pathogenesis of the canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), as well as lymphocytes and plasma cells. It was also observed that the higher the degree of clinical severity of the disease, the more the numbers of mast cells and IL-31 in the skin of those animals suffering from CAD, which implies the influence of these immunological constituents on the genesis of pruritus and disease progression. RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a correlação entre o escore clínico, a contagem de mastócitos e a imunomarcação de interleucina 31 (IL-31) na pele de cães com dermatite atópica. Foram selecionados 31 cães de diferentes raças, com idade entre um e oito anos, sendo 20 fêmeas e 11 machos, divididos em discretamente, moderadamente e acentuadamente acometidos por dermatite atópica segundo o sistema CADESI-4. Amostras da pele das regiões axilar e interdigital foram colhidas e submetidas às colorações de hematoxilina e eosina para a avaliação cito-histomorfológica e azul de toluidina para a contagem de mastócitos, bem como a técnica de imunoistoquímica para a imunomarcação de IL-31. Os animais com maior escore de dermatite atópica apresentaram maior número de mastócitos e de células imunomarcadas para IL-31. Houve maior número de células imunomarcadas para IL-31 na pele da axila em relação à interdigital nos cães com a doença. Foi constatada correlação entre o escore clínico e a quantidade de mastócitos no interdígito, bem como entre o escore clínico e a quantidade de células imunomarcadas para IL-31 na axila. Também foi verificada correlação entre a quantidade de mastócitos e células imunomarcadas para IL-31 na pele da região axilar, mas não da interdigital. Conclui-se que mastócitos e a IL-31 estão envolvidos na patogenia da DAC, assim como linfócitos e plasmócitos. Também, quanto maior o grau de severidade clínica da doença, maior a quantidade de mastócitos e IL-31 na pele dos animais com DAC, o que remete à influência desses componentes imunológicos na gênese do prurido e progressão da doença.

El estudio de la transexualidad ha evolucionado en los últimos años alcanzando mayor visibilidad actualmente gracias a las iniciativas de los colectivos trans y al incremento de niños, niñas y adolescentes que acuden a atención primaria por problemas de identidad de género. Este creciente interés ha estimulado la investigación cuya abundancia precisa un análisis y selección de los trabajos más relevantes. Con este objetivo hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de abordar el estado actual de la transexualidad temprana, centrándonos en los estudios relativos a su etiología, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamientos actuales. Para ello se consultaron diversas bases de datos (Web of Science, PubMed, PubPsych, Elsevier, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology Database) restringiendo la búsqueda por palabras clave (“transsexuality”, “transsexualism”, “adolescence”, “adolescents” y “teenagers”) y fecha de publicación (2008-2017). Inicialmente se obtuvieron 103 de los cuales fueron descartados 66 trabajos por tratar aspectos que no eran objeto de la revisión y exponer resultados no generalizables por su reducida muestra. Del análisis de los 37 artículos seleccionados se obtiene, por lo que se refiere a la etiología, que la transexualidad tiene un origen heterogéneo y multifactorial. La prevalencia obtenida es del 9.8%. En el diagnóstico se insiste en la necesidad de realizar un seguimiento permanente haciendo uso de la entrevista como principal instrumento de elección. Por último, la mayoría de investigaciones resaltan la importancia del nuevo abordaje terapéutico basado en la terapia triádica que contempla tratamiento psicológico (asimilación del rol deseado de forma plena), hormonal (bloqueo hormonal y tratamiento con hormonas cruzadas) y quirúrgico (cambio de genitales y otros caracteres sexuales), a pesar de la controversia que ha suscitado por los posibles efectos desfavorables para la población infanto-juvenil. Se concluye la necesidad de continuar investigando para lograr no solo un diagnóstico y tratamiento más individualizado sino una mayor divulgación de conocimiento que ayude a disminuir la estigmatización. The study of transsexuality has evolved in recent years reaching greater visibility now thanks to the initiatives of trans collectives and the increase of children and adolescents who attend primary care due to gender identity problems. This growing interest has stimulated research whose abundance requires an analysis and selection of the most relevant works. With this objective we have carried out a bibliographic review in order to address the current state of early transsexuality, focusing on studies related to its etiology, prevalence, diagnosis and current treatments. For this, several databases were consulted (Web of Science, PubMed, PubPsych, Elsevier, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology Database) restricting the search by keywords (“transsexuality”, “transsexualism”, “adolescence”, “adolescents” and “ teenagers “) and publication date (2008-2017). Initially, 103 were obtained, of which 66 were discarded for treating aspects that were not subject of the review and exposing non-extrapolated results due to their small sample. From the analysis of the 37 selected articles, it is obtained, as regards the etiology, that transsexuality has a heterogeneous and multifactorial origin. The prevalence obtained is 9.8%. The diagnosis insists on the need to carry out a permanent follow-up using the interview as the main instrument of choice. Finally, most research highlights the importance of the new therapeutic approach based on triadic therapy that includes psychological treatment (assimilation of the desired role fully), hormonal (hormonal blocking and subsequent treatment with crossed hormones) and surgical (change of genitals and other sexual characters), in spite of the controversy that has provoked by the possible unfavorable effects for the infantile and juvenile population. It concludes the need to continue research to achieve not only a more individualized diagnosis and treatment, but also a greater knowledge dissemination that helps reduce stigmatization.

This study compared the health status of Curraleiro cattle and other breeds (Nellore, Girolando, Guzera, and Caracu) for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis screening against anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, respectively. We used 119 female bovines of Curraleiro, Guzera, Nellore, Caracu, and Girolando breeds from four farms in Goias and Tocantins states and in the border of Goias, Minas Gerais, and Bahia states. All the farms had seropositive bovines for N. caninum. The number of seropositive Curraleiro cattle was significantly higher than the number of Guzera and Nellore cattle. Also, antibodies against toxoplasmosis were found in animals from all properties. There was no significant difference between the number of seropositive Curraleiro cattle and the breeds Nellore, Girolando, and Guzerá; however, it was significantly higher than the number of seropositive animals of Caracu breed. Keywords: bovine; local breeds; neosporosis; “Pe-duro”; toxoplasmosis.

Resumo Este estudo comparou a soroprevalência de N. caninum e T. gondii em bovinos Curraleiros ao de outras raças bovinas (Nelore, Girolando, Guzerá e Caracu). Foram utilizadas 119 fêmeas bovinas adultas provenientes de quatro propriedades localizadas nos estados de Goiás e Tocantins e na divisa entre Goiás, Minas Gerais e Bahia. Animais soropositivos para N. caninum foram encontrados em todas as propriedades e o número de Curraleiros reagentes foi significativamente maior em relação aos bovinos Guzerá e Nelore. Também foram identificados anticorpos anti-T. gondii nos animais em todas as propriedades. A prevalência de soropositivos para T. gondii foi semelhante entre Curraleiros e bovinos das raças Nelore, Girolando e Guzerá; entretanto, foi significativamente maior em relação à raça Caracu. Abstract This study compared the health status of Curraleiro cattle and other breeds (Nellore, Girolando, Guzera, and Caracu) for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis screening against anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, respectively. We used 119 female bovines of Curraleiro, Guzera, Nellore, Caracu, and Girolando breeds from four farms in Goias and Tocantins states and in the border of Goias, Minas Gerais, and Bahia states. All the farms had seropositive bovines for N. caninum. The number of seropositive Curraleiro cattle was significantly higher than the number of Guzera and Nellore cattle. Also, antibodies against toxoplasmosis were found in animals from all properties. There was no significant difference between the number of seropositive Curraleiro cattle and the breeds Nellore, Girolando, and Guzerá; however, it was significantly higher than the number of seropositive animals of Caracu breed.

Spat of 2 pectinid species of commercial interest were grown in suspension to study the growth of the gonad, digestive gland, and adductor muscle at 3 different depths (2.5 m, 7.5 m, and 12.5 m). For the experiments, we used spat immediately after they were detached from the collectors (Aequipecten opercularis) or 3–4 mo later (Chlamys varia). The first sexual maturation of each species was recorded. The variations observed in the gonad development pattern were clearly a result of the effect of depth on the gonad growth of the 2 species. Both species showed faster gonad development at 2.5 m. Reproduction of C. varia was more intense in deeper water. This was also the case for A. opercularis in the first reproduction period, from the end of winter to early summer. After a resting period in summer, there was a first peak of gonad growth at 2.5 m in October that did not occur at 7.5 m and 12.5 m. There was a peak in January at all depths. The reserve storage organs of both A. opercularis and C. vari...

Artificial collectors deployed in May and early June obtained higher numbers of Aequipecten opercularis spat than when collectors were deployed in late June and July in both 2007 and 2008. Different recruitment patterns were found in the 2 y studied. Four successive cohorts settled in both 2007 and 2008; however, in 2007 the 4 cohorts settled over short periods of time, whereas in 2008 a single cohort settled for an extended period of time and produced most of the spat of the year. The effectiveness of collectors for spat settlement decreased after 2 mo. Spat showed a fast growth rate that was density dependent. In general, the survival rate was high, mainly because there were very few predators.

Introducción. En la actualidad, pese a haber avanzado en los derechos legales de las personas con diversidad afectivo-sexual, siguen habiendo prejuicios sociales al respecto. Este hecho se ve multiplicado en las personas mayores, que han sufrido una educación más homófoba y una mayor invisibilización de su sexualidad, por lo que se hace necesario investigar también en esta población. Método. Participaron 139 personas, de entre 50 y 73 años, con una media de 56,1 años (DT=5,44), siendo el 40,3% mujeres y el 59,7% hombres. El 89,9% se definían como heterosexuales y el 10,1% como no heterosexuales. Todos cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre la vivencia de su orientación sexual. Resultados. El 50% de personas no heterosexuales, como consecuencia de su orientación sexual, se ha sentido rechazado, el 42,9% ha experimentado malestar, el 28,6% sufrió violencia verbal y el 14,3% violencia física. Así, se observan diferencias significativas entre las personas no heterosexuales y las heterosexuales en diversos aspectos relacionados con su orientación sexual, siendo las no heterosexuales las que muestran mayor malestar emocional (χ²=20,61; p

Los/as adolescentes con TEA se caracterizan por carecer, en la mayoría de los casos, de las habilidades necesarias para establecer interacciones con fines afectivo-sexuales. Por este motivo, a demanda de un grupo de padres y profesores de un instituto público de Educación Secundaria, el equipo SALUSEX ha diseñado e implementado un programa de educación afectivo-sexual especialmente dirigido a satisfacer sus necesidades tanto en lo referido a conocimientos y actitudes como, sobre todo, en habilidades de comunicación e interacción con sus iguales con fines afectivo-sexuales. El programa fue aplicado a los 10 adolescentes (50% chicos y 50% chicas) de entre 14 y 17 años que formaban parte del aula CyL de un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de Castellón de la Plana. Los resultados muestran que su nivel de conocimientos ha mejorado sustancialmente ya que, por ejemplo, el 97,2% conocen la información básica en relación con la higiene corporal y la prevención de ITS; también han mejorado sus actitudes siendo un 87,5% quienes responden acertadamente en cuanto a la prevención del sexismo y la violencia de género, pero lo más remarcable es su mejora en cuanto a las habilidades habiendo adquirido un 90,5% unas pautas correctas de comportamiento en las relaciones de pareja. También son destacables las cifras crecientes a lo largo de las sesiones en cuanto a la motivación y satisfacción con los avances adquiridos. Se concluye la necesidad de normalizar la educación afectivo-sexual en este colectivo dada la creciente demanda y los buenos resultados obtenidos en este estudio piloto

La satisfacción sexual es la respuesta afectiva y emocional surgida de la evaluación de las interacciones sexuales personales y de la percepción de la consumación del deseo erótico. La satisfacción marital, definida como la actitud hacia la interacción marital y los aspectos emocionales y estructurales de la pareja, es considerada uno de los más fuertes predictores de la satisfacción sexual. Además, existen otras variables que pueden estar interviniendo en la satisfacción sexual y marital de las mujeres. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia de la edad y la variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas en la satisfacción sexual y marital de mujeres con pareja estable. La muestra está formada por 600 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 60 años (M = 31.57; DT = 9.14) que, independientemente de su orientación sexual, mantienen una relación de pareja estable de una duración igual o superior a dos años. A todas ellas se les aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual, la Escala de Satisfacción Marital y un inventario de prácticas sexuales. Los resultados muestran una relación inversa con la edad, de manera que el grupo de menor edad presenta puntuaciones significativamente superiores en el Factor “Comunicación” de la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual, así como en la Escala de Satisfacción Marital. Además, se ha encontrado que a mayor variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas, tanto durante como después de la relación sexual, mayor satisfacción sexual. Por último, la satisfacción marital se relaciona de forma directa con la satisfacción sexual. Las mujeres jóvenes y con amplia variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas presentan una mayor satisfacción sexual y marital. Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de elaborar modelos multicausales sobre las variables implicadas en la satisfacción sexual femenina debido a la complejidad que entraña.

A tireoidite linfocítica é uma enfermidade auto-imune e uma das principais afecções tireoidianas, responsáveis por causar hipotireoidismo primário em cães. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um canino, Bull terrier, macho, de dois anos de idade e histórico de morte súbita durante exercício em esteira. À macroscopia, as alterações relevantes compreenderam congestão e edema pulmonar e endocardiose de mitral. Ao exame microscópico foram verificadas endocardiose, aterosclerose em vasos de diversos órgãos e, na tireóide, constatou-se tireoidite linfocítica. O exame anatomopatológico compreendeu ferramenta decisiva na descrição das alterações e conclusão do diagnóstico, visto que não havia diagnóstico prévio da enfermidade.

Mammary neoplasias are common in canine females and carcinomas, among malignant types, occur frequently, especially solid form. At gross view, it can be small and incipient, but it’s invasive and show little differentiation, being able to produce metastasis that can compromise animal survive. This describes a bitch, Fila Brasileiro, six year old with tetraplegy and cervical spinal cord metastasis of mammary solid carcinoma.KEYWORDS: Central nervous system, dog, mammary neoplasia. Neoplasias mamárias são comuns entre as fêmeas caninas e os carcinomas, dentre as formas malignas, ocorrem com maior frequência, particularmente o tipo sólido. Estes podem apresentar-se pequenos e incipientes à macroscopia, contudo são invasivos e pouco diferenciados, com possibilidade de produzir metástases que comprometem a sobrevida do animal. Assim, descreve-se o caso de uma cadela, da raça Fila Brasileiro, de seis anos, que apresentou tetraplegia consequente à metástase medular cervical de carcinoma sólido mamário.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Cão, neoplasia mamária, sistema nervoso central.

This study analyzes the effect of low salinity on survival and daily food ingestion of octopus subjected to three different water salinities (20, 25, and 30 psu) for 3 days. During the 3-day experiment, octopuses at 20 psu immediately stopped eating, and all died during the first day; at 25 and 30 psu, the octopuses gradually reduced their feed intake and stopped eating after 2 days, but all survived, and when normal salinity conditions were reestablished (34–35 psu), they ingested 30–40 (~27.5% of the initial food intake) and 70–90 g of food/day (~63% of the initial food intake) respectively over the 5-day recovery period. Water salinity of 30 psu could be considered as the recommended lower limit below which actions, such as transferring the commercial floating cages to another location or submerging them, should be taken in order to prevent the negative effects of low salinities on farmed octopuses., 0,0000

Neste trabalho estudou-se a prevalência de otites clínicas por Rhabditis sp. em bovinos da raça Gir no Estado de Goiás, no período de julho a dezembro de 1997. Durante o estudo foram registrados dados sobre temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação pluviométrica, com a finalidade de verificar a correlação desses parâmetros com a prevalência de otites clínicas por Rhabditis sp. Amostras de descargas auriculares foram colhidas através de zaragatoas de 255 animais provenientes de 12 propriedades. A freqüência de animais positivos para a parasitose variou de 30% a 95%. A prevalência de otite clínica por Rhabditis sp. em bovinos adultos da raça Gir foi de 78,43%, não ficando, porém, evidenciada a influência sazonal sobre a doença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovino; gir; Rhabditis; otite; prevalência. The prevalence of clinical otitis causal byRhabditis sp. in Gir cattle was studied in 12 farms from 11 municipal districts in the Goiás State-Brazil, from July to December 1997. During this, work temperature, relative humidity air and pluviometric precipitation were registered in order to check correlation between prevalence and climatic parameters. Samples of ear discharges were collected by swabs in 255 bovines. The frequency varied from 30% to 95%. The prevalence for clinical otitis by Rhabditis sp. was 78.43%, although the seasonal influence over prevalence was not shown clearly. KEY-WORDS: Bovine; Rhabditis; otitis; prevalence.

da Silva L.S., Santin A.P.I., da Silva J.A., de Freitas S.L.R. & da Silva L.A.F. [Dianostic and treatment of hemangisarcoma in a female dog’s ovary - Case report.] Diagnóstico e tratamento de hemangiossarcoma em ovário de cadela - Relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(2):123-126, 2015. Patologia Clínica Cirúrgica, Hospital Veterinário, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brasil. E-mail: lafranco@vet.ufg.br Increase in life expectation in dogs can be attributed to therapeutics advances in Veterinary Medicine. Despite the benefits, longevity makes these animals more susceptible to a variety of diseases like cancer. This paper reports a hemangiosarcoma, weighting 6,5Kg, on the ovary of a Pit Bull, nine years old, female dog, emphasizing diagnostics and treatment. Surgical intervention and post-operative care were performed immediately after complementary exams results were evaluated. The animal was observed during 12 months after surgery in order to evaluate the clinical conditions and the possibility of recurrence. Surgical treatment was important to assist the diagnosis. Recurrence was not observed during the evaluation period. Also, surgical treatment associated with chemotherapy was not necessary., O aumento da expectativa de vida dos cães pode ser atribuído, em parte, aos avanços terapêuticos na Medicina Veterinária. Apesar desses benefícios, a longevidade torna estes animais mais vulneráveis a uma série de enfermidades, incluindo os tumores. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de hemangiossarcoma, pesando 6,5kg, localizado no ovário de uma cadela da raça Pit Bull com nove anos de idade, dando ênfase ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento. Após a avaliação dos exames complementares procedeu-se a intervenção cirúrgica e realização do pós-operatório imediato. O animal foi acompanhado durante doze meses para avaliar as condições clínicas e a possibilidade de recrudescimento do processo. O tratamento cirúrgico auxiliou no diagnóstico e não foi observada recidiva no período avaliado. Além disso, não houve necessidade de associar o tratamento cirúrgico à quimioterapia.

Avaliação dos tratamentos empregados no controle da papilomatose cutânea bovina em rebanhos leiteiros, utilizando-se 120 animais, de diferentes propriedades, próximas ao município de Goiânia, Goiás. Os animais foram divididos em seis grupos de 20 bovinos, e cinco grupos deles submetidos a diferentes tratamentos, com um grupo controle, portanto. Utilizaram-se como tratamentos a auto-hemoterapia, o clorobutanol, a diaminazina, o levamisole e a autovacina, e todos os grupos foram tratados com um intervalo de sete dias entre as aplicações, consecutivamente, durante quatro semanas. Procedeu-se à avaliação pela análise de variância, pelo teste Qui-quadrado e de Fisher.Os tratamentos não apresentaram diferença significativa quando usados em papilomas do tipo pedunculado; já oclorobutanol e a diaminazina foram os mais eficazes no tratamento de animais com papilomas do tipo plano. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovino, papilomatose, papilomavírus, tratamento.

The collection of origin–destination data for a city is an important but often costly task. This way, there is a need to develop more efficient and inexpensive methods of collecting information about citizens’ travel patterns. In this line, this paper presents a generic methodology that allows to infer the origin and destination zones for an observed trip between two public transport stops (i.e., bus stops or metro stations) using socio-economic, land use, and network information. The proposed zonal inference model follows a disaggregated Logit approach including size variables. The model enables the estimation of a zonal origin–destination matrix for a city, if trip information passively collected by a smart-card payment system is available (in form of a stop-to-stop matrix). The methodology is applied to the Santiago de Chile’s morning peak period, with the purpose of serving as input for a public transport planning computational tool. To estimate the model, information was gathered from different sources and processed into a unified framework; data included a survey conducted at public transport stops, land use information, and a stop-to-stop trip matrix. Additionally, a zonal system with 1176 zones was constructed for the city, including the definition of its access links and associated distances. The authors' results shows that, ceteris paribus, zones with high numbers of housing units have higher probabilities of being the origin of a morning peak trip. Likewise, health facilities, educational, residential, commercial, and offices centres have significant attraction powers during this period. In this sense, The authors' model manages to capture the expected effects of land use on trip generation and attraction. This study has numerous policy implications, as the information obtained can be used to predict the impacts of changes in the public transport network (such as extending routes, relocating their stops, designing new routes or changing the fare structure). Further research is needed to improve the zonal inference formulation and origin–destination matrix estimation, mainly by including better cost measures, and dealing with survey and data limitations.