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This study aimed to characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was achieved using phenotypic and molecular techniques, including their antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm formation. Eighteen strains were isolated from a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and identified by VITEK®2, MALDI-TOF/MS (VITEK MS® and MALDI Biotyper®), and 16S rRNA sequencing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm formation and disinfectant tolerance tests were applied to evaluate the virulence characteristics of the strains. VITEK®2 (≥99%), VITEK MS® (≥82.7%), and MALDI Biotyper® (score ≥ 2.01) accurately identified the P. aeruginosa strains, but 16S rRNA sequencing did not differentiate the species P. aeruginosa from P. paraeruginosa. FTIR typing identified three different clusters, but no correlation between the phenotypical or antimicrobial susceptibility testing patterns was found. Most strains exhibited resistance to various antimicrobials. The exceptions were sensitivity to amikacin and norfloxacin, and consequently, these could be considered potential treatment options. Most strains (n = 15, 83.3%) produced biofilms on polystyrene. Sodium hypochlorite treatment (0.5%/15 min) was shown to be the most effective disinfectant for biofilm elimination. P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and tolerance to disinfectants demonstrate the need for effective cleaning protocols to eliminate contamination by this organism in the hospital environment and medical equipment.

Sleep medicine classes and teachings are usually deficient and insufficient during undergraduate medical education. In order to circumvent the educational deficits in sleep medicine, students at a Brazilian Medical School created a sleep medicine interest group—an academic organization for teaching purposes whose administration is carried out by the undergraduate students themselves. This study aims to describe the establishment of a sleep medicine interest group, as well as to evaluate the results of its first edition on the knowledge about sleep medicine among undergraduate medical students. Classes were taken biweekly and consisted of lectures by invited professors, presentation of clinical cases, and discussion with the students. By the end of the course, both attendees and non-attendees were invited to fill out a questionnaire including an objective assessment of knowledge (15 multiple choice questions). The questionnaire was filled out by 32 participants, of which 18 were attendees and 14 were non-attendees. The average result on the final exam was significantly higher among the attendees (6.1 ± 1.2) in comparison with non-attendees (4.9 ± 1.3—p = 0.015). The results demonstrate that an interest group proved to be feasible as a source of complementary information to undergraduate medical students and a valid alternative to circumvent the educational deficits.

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise dos referenciais teóricos e conceitos analíticos (denominados de descritores) mobilizados pelos estudos sobre implementação de políticas públicas no campo da Educação. Considerando que a produção acadêmica sobre o tema da implementação, no campo da Educação, é escassa, realizamos uma metapesquisa a partir da definição de alguns descritores e teóricos de referência do campo da Ciência Política. Procuramos verificar, no levantamento da produção acadêmica no campo da Educação - teses, dissertações e artigos -, qual era a presença e como eram mobilizados esses referenciais. O recorte temporal se limitou aos anos de 2018 e 2019 e, no total, identificamos 10 artigos e 25 teses e dissertações. A análise e categorização deste material, identificando o referencial teórico-conceitual utilizado, indicou que entre as teses e dissertações selecionadas há uma maior concentração de estudos sobre os agentes implementadores e, entre os artigos, uma maior concentração de estudos sobre estruturas de governança. A partir dos resultados, consideramos que há, entre os pesquisadores da área educacional, uma aproximação “em construção” à literatura específica do campo da Ciência Política sobre implementação.

RESUMO: Apresentamos os resultados de um estudo de revisão do tipo estado do conhecimento de pesquisas sobre a implementação de políticas e programas educacionais publicadas no Brasil em periódicos do campo temático de Políticas Públicas. Duas questões nortearam os objetivos específicos deste mapeamento: se as políticas e os programas educacionais têm se constituído como objeto de pesquisa dos estudos de implementação do campo de Políticas Públicas e quais as principais abordagens utilizadas pelos pesquisadores da área nessas investigações. Trata-se de um trabalho documental e bibliográfico, constituído por um levantamento dos artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais qualificados no estrato A1 do Qualis Periódicos (Capes) nas áreas do conhecimento Ciência Política, Sociologia e Administração Pública. Os principais resultados apontam que, apesar de ainda pouco analisada, se comparada às políticas da área da saúde e da assistência social, a implementação de políticas e programas educacionais tem crescido dentre os objetos de pesquisa do campo de Políticas Públicas. Apontam também uma dupla tendência entre esses estudos: aqueles que são produzidos vinculados aos referenciais teóricos e conceituais do campo de Políticas Públicas e outros que não demonstram uma interface do ponto de vista teórico-conceitual com esse campo.

Abstract Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. is described from Salvator merianae (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Squamata; Teiidae). The new species differs from all previously described species through several morphological characteristics: number of tooth like structures per row in the inner pharynx; and presence of unpaired papillae on the anterior border of the cloacal aperture. However, Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. is closest to C. tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819), through having similar distribution of male caudal papillae, unpaired pre-cloacal papillae and females with an pre-equatorial vulva. Cruzia lauroi sp. nov. differs from C. tentaculata regarding smaller total body length of individuals, higher number of tooth like structures per row in the pharynx, greater size of diverticulum, smaller size of spicules and a more anterior vulva than in C. tentaculata; and the males do not have caudal alae. Cruzia mazza, C. travassosia, C. mexicana and C. testudines were considered to be species inquirendae, because their descriptions need more detailed taxonomic studies.

A constituição de redes de pesquisa para realização de estudos estratégicos, a exemplo de redes internacionais, permite aos atores assistenciais potencializar a produção de conhecimentos ou testes de conhecimentos sugeridos ou requeridos para o planejamento do sistema de saúde. A constituição inicial da Rede Paulista de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde - REPATS - consiste em formalizar Grupos de Trabalho Temáticos visando incrementar qualidade assistencial e a produção de evidências, além dos benefícios em práticas assistenciais com base em evidências, melhor segurança do paciente, pode reduzir variação e custos injustificados. A eficiência na prestação dos serviços e otimização do uso dos escassos recursos do setor saúde pode aumentar o acesso e resolutividade ao sistema. Mediante demandas da CONITEC e necessidade de regularização das práticas assistenciais do SUS no Estado de São Paulo, os Comitês específicos de Farmacologia e Qualificação de Materiais dos Núcleos de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde - NATS - da REPATS vêm produzindo conhecimentos estruturados de acordo com as Diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, publicações científicas e algumas pós-graduações. A parceria com a CONITEC impulsionou o desenvolvimento da REPATS, criando fluxo e estímulo para a superação da cultura oral, auxiliando inclusive financeiramente alguns dos NATS.

Introduction The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial behavior of the occurrence of trachoma cases detected in the City of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006 in order to use the information collected to set priority areas for optimization of health resources. Methods the trachoma cases identified in 2006 were georeferenced. The data evaluated were: schools where the trachoma cases studied, data from the 2000 Census, census tract, type of housing, water supply conditions, distribution of income and levels of education of household heads. In the Google Earth® software and TerraView® were made descriptive spatial analysis and estimates of the Kernel. Each area was studied by interpolation of the density surfaces exposing events to facilitate to recognize the clusters. Results Of the 66 cases detected, only one (1.5%) was not a resident of the city's outskirts. A positive association was detected of trachoma cases and the percentage of heads of household with income below three minimum wages and schooling under eight years of education. Conclusions The recognition of the spatial distribution of trachoma cases coincided with the areas of greatest social inequality in Bauru City. The micro-areas identified are those that should be prioritized in the rationalization of health resources. There is the possibility of using the trachoma cases detected as an indicator of performance of micro priority health programs.

The list of Crustacean species from the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, comprises 518 valid species, distributed in 17 orders and 152 families. This amount corresponds to 0.75% of the Crustacea worldwide and about 20% of Brazilian species. The order Decapoda is the most represented, with 280 species. The families of Decapoda with the greatest number of species recorded were: Aeglidae (19), Palaemonidae (13) and Portunidae (13). In addition, the occurrence of 19 species distributed in the orders Cyclopoida (1), Podocopida (2) and Decapoda (16) is reported for the first time. Exotic species (9) are distributed in four different orders - Isopoda (6), Calanoida (1), Thoracica (1) and Decapoda (1).

Para controle da hanseníase, doença infectocontagiosa conhecida desde os tempos bíblicos, são mostradas as intrincadas convergências de histórias nacionais, de políticas médicas, governamentais e internacionais. O estudo descreve a história e as ações de controle da hanseníase, a partir do começo do século XIX, no estado de São Paulo, e sua conexão com o desenvolvimento da saúde pública, utilizando análises bibliográficas e documentais.Para control de la hanseníasis, enfermedad infectocontagiosa conocida desde los tiempos bíblicos, se muestran las intrincadas convergencias de historias brasileñas, de políticas médicas, gubernamentales e internacionales. El estudio describe la historia y las acciones de control de la hanseníasis, a partir del comienzo del siglo XIX, en el estado de Sao Paulo, y su conexión con el desarrollo de la salud pública, utilizando análisis bibliográficas y documentales.Leprosy is an infectious contagious disease known since Biblical times. Global effort for disease control reveals intricate convergences of national history and of medical, governmental, and international policies. The study describes the history of Hansen's disease and control actions undertaken in the state of São Paulo starting in the 19th century and its connection with the development of public health in that state, by means of a bibliographic and documental analysis.

OBJETIVOS: A variação respiratória da pressão arterial é um bom preditor da resposta a fluidos em pacientes ventilados. Foi recentemente demonstrado que a variação respiratória na pressão arterial de pulso se correlaciona com a variação da amplitude da onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso. Nossa intenção foi avaliar a correlação entre a variação respiratória da pressão arterial de pulso e a variação respiratória na amplitude da onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso, e determinar se esta correlação foi influenciada pela administração de norepinefrina. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de sessenta pacientes com ritmo sinusal normal sob ventilação mecânica, profundamente sedados e hemodinamicamente estáveis. Foram monitorados o índice de oxigenação e pressão arterial invasiva. A variação respiratória da pressão do pulso e a variação respiratória da amplitude da onda pletismográfica na oximetria de pulso foram registradas simultaneamente batimento a batimento, e foram comparadas utilizando o coeficiente de concordância de Pearson e regressão linear. RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes (50%) necessitaram de norepinefrina. Ocorreu uma correlação significante (K=0,66; pOBJECTIVES: Arterial pulse pressure respiratory variation is a good predictor of fluid response in ventilated patients. Recently, it was shown that respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure correlates with variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. We wanted to evaluate the correlation between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude, and to determine whether this correlation was influenced by norepinephrine administration. METHODS: Prospective study of sixty patients with normal sinus rhythm on mechanical ventilation, profoundly sedated and with stable hemodynamics. Oxygenation index and invasive arterial pressure were monitored. Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude were recorded simultaneously in a beat-to-beat evaluation, and were compared using the Pearson coefficient of agreement and linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty patients (50%) required norepinephrine. There was a significant correlation (K = 0.66; p < 0.001) between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. Area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (range, 0.79 - 0.97), with a best cutoff value of 14% to predict a respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure of 13. The use of norepinephrine did not influence the correlation (K = 0.63, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure above 13% can be accurately predicted by a respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude of 14%. The use of norepinephrine does not alter this relationship.

A hanseníase no Brasil ainda é um problema a ser equacionado e, no Estado de São Paulo, há varias regiões com altas taxas de detecção. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição e quantificar a dependência espacial das taxas médias de detecção da hanseníase no Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1991-2002, empregando técnicas geoestatísticas. Verificou-se tendência levemente decrescente das taxas médias de detecção para o Estado de São Paulo. Altos índices do indicador podem ser visualizados nas regiões oeste e noroeste de São Paulo. A dependência espacial encontrada foi de aproximadamente 30 km. Com os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a análise de superfície das taxas médias de detecção pode auxiliar na escolha de áreas prioritárias visando aos exames de coletividade e ao incremento dos exames nos contatos dos casos detectados.Leprosy is a problem yet to be solved in Brazil, and in the State of São Paulo there are still areas with high detection rates. The present study aimed to analyze the distribution and quantify the spatial dependency of mean detection rates for leprosy in the State of São Paulo, during the 1991-2002 period, utilizing geostatistical techniques. A slight tendency toward decreased mean detection rates was verified in the State of São Paulo. High indexes of the indicator could be visualized in the West and Northwest regions of São Paulo. An estimated 30 km spatial dependency was detected. Based on the results, it could be concluded that analyzing the surface of mean detection rates may be helpful for choosing priority areas for examining groups of people, and to increment tests for the contacts of cases detected.

Three species of the terrestrial isopod genus Neotroponiscus Arcangeli, 1936 have new records presented in this paper. Neotroponiscus lenkoi Lemos de Castro, 1970, previously known only from the state of São Paulo, is recorded for the first time from the state of Rio de Janeiro. Two other species, N. argentinus (Giambiagi de Calabrese, 1939) and N. lobatus Lemos de Castro, 1970 have complementary records from the states of Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo, respectively. A distribution map is also presented.

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

A padronização internacional de doenças é um processo complexo que necessita de uma equipe especializada. Esta comunicação visa a esclarecer e sugerir correções de um provável equívoco na tradução, para o português da CID-10, do código A30, no qual os termos "borderline" e "dimorfo" são utilizados como subcategorias distintas e não como sinônimos, assim como substituir a designação "lepromatosa" por "virchoviana" pois, no Brasil, o vocábulo "lepra" foi abolido dos textos oficiais, por uma lei federal em 1995.The international standardization of diseases is a complex process that requires a specialized team. The aim of this work is to clarify and suggest some corrections for a probable misunderstanding during the translation of ICD-10 code A30 into Portuguese, in which the terms borderline and dimorfo (dimorphous) are used as different subcategories and not as synonyms; moreover, the designation lepromatosa (lepromatous) should be replaced by virchoviana (virchowian) considering that in Brazil, the word lepra (leprosy) was abolished from official texts by a Federal Act in 1995.

This study aimed to characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was achieved using phenotypic and molecular techniques, including their antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm formation. Eighteen strains were isolated from a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and identified by VITEK®2, MALDI-TOF/MS (VITEK MS® and MALDI Biotyper®), and 16S rRNA sequencing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm formation and disinfectant tolerance tests were applied to evaluate the virulence characteristics of the strains. VITEK®2 (≥99%), VITEK MS® (≥82.7%), and MALDI Biotyper® (score ≥ 2.01) accurately identified the P. aeruginosa strains, but 16S rRNA sequencing did not differentiate the species P. aeruginosa from P. paraeruginosa. FTIR typing identified three different clusters, but no correlation between the phenotypical or antimicrobial susceptibility testing patterns was found. Most strains exhibited resistance to various antimicrobials. The exceptions were sensitivity to amikacin and norfloxacin, and consequently, these could be considered potential treatment options. Most strains (n = 15, 83.3%) produced biofilms on polystyrene. Sodium hypochlorite treatment (0.5%/15 min) was shown to be the most effective disinfectant for biofilm elimination. P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and tolerance to disinfectants demonstrate the need for effective cleaning protocols to eliminate contamination by this organism in the hospital environment and medical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Litomosoides chagasfilhoi, originally described by Moraes Neto, Lanfredi & De Souza (1997) parasitizing the abdominal cavity of the wild rodent, Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887), was found in the abdominal cavity of Nectomys squamipes (Brants, 1827), from the municipality of Rio Bonito, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. This study led to addition of new morphological data and a new geographical distribution for this filarioid in Brazil. Several characters were detailed and emended to previous records of L. chagasfilhoi in N. squamipes, and confirming the original description in A. cursor: buccal capsule longer than wide with walls thinner than the lumen, right spicule slightly sclerotized, with membranous distal extremity slender, with a small tongue-like terminal portion, left spicule with handle longer than the blade, whose edges form large membranous wings folded longitudinally.

In this work, a polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) was used as an engineered drug delivery system for two oxindolimine–copper(II) anticancer complexes, [Cu(isaepy)]+ and [Cu(isapn)]+. The interest in hybrid POSS comes from the necessity of developing materials that can act as adjuvants to improve the cytotoxicity of non-soluble metallodrugs. Functionalization of POSS with a triazole ligand (POSS-atzac) permitted the anchorage of such copper complexes, producing hybrid materials with efficient cytotoxic effects. Structural and morphological characterizations of these copper-POSS systems were performed by using different techniques (IR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis). A combination of continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopies conducted at the X-band have enabled the complete characterization of the coordination environment of the copper ion in the POSS-atzac matrix. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of the loaded materials, [Cu(isapn)]@POSS-atzac and [Cu(isaepy)]@POSS-atzac, were assessed toward melanomas (SK-MEL), in comparison to non-tumorigenic cells (fibroblast P4). Evaluation of their nuclease activity or ability to facilitate cleavage of DNA indicated concentrations as low as 0.6 μg mL−1, while complete DNA fragmentation was observed at 25 μg mL−1. By using adequate scavengers, investigations on active intermediates responsible for their cytotoxicity were performed, both in the absence and in the presence of ascorbate as a reducing agent. Based on the observed selective cytotoxicity of these materials toward melanomas, investigations on the reactivity of these complexes and corresponding POSS-materials with melanin, a molecule that contributes to melanoma resistance to chemotherapy, were carried out. Results indicated the main role of the binuclear copper species, formed at the surface of the silica matrix, in the observed reactivity and selectivity of these copper-POSS systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsStrategies to increase readiness to change may enhance community-based substance use treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on readiness to change and substance use compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in a Brazilian community-based substance use treatment center.One hundred two adults (M = 36.79, SD = 10.29) were quasi-randomized into SFBT or TAU groups. Assessments were completed at baseline, post-test, and 1-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the changes in readiness to change at post-test and 1-month follow-up. The secondary outcome was the change in substance use at 1-month follow-up.Through Quade non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), both groups decreased tobacco, alcohol, and cocaine/crack use at 1-month follow-up, but SFBT had greater reductions in alcohol use (p = .05). ANCOVA analysis demonstrated no differences between groups on readiness to change at any time point. However, among participants who used multiple substances (n = 59), SFBT showed higher readiness to change at post-test (p = .05).These findings strengthen the evidence that SFBT holds promise for positive community-based substance use treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]