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The aim of this study is to assess the effect of meal size on glycemic control for T1D patients equipped with Diabeloop’s DBLG1 Closed Loop System[1], based on data from DBLG1 System Commercial Launch. The Soft Launch dataset comprises 34 adult type 1 diabetes patients with an average duration of 206 days for a total of 7011 days of treatment. Only days with ≥70% available CGM data were included in the analysis (97.3 % of total). To assess the effect of patient meal size (the daily sum of CHO declared by each patient on his device) on glycemic control, we compute the difference in percentage point between patient daily value and patient daily mean value of both Time In Range (TIR) (Figure 1) and Time In Hyperglycemia (TIHYPER) and plot it against each daily CarboHydrates (CHO) as a percentage of the mean daily CHO for this patient. This way we can observe the effect of bigger and smaller than average meals and determine if they tend to increase or decrease TIR and TIHYPER. As presented on Figure 1, days with increased CHO consumption are not linked to a drop in TIR. We observe no correlation between the TIR and the daily amount of CHO ingested (r=0.01), nor between the TIHYPER and the daily amount of CHO ingested (r=-0.12). In conclusion, Diabeloop’s DBLG1 Closed Loop System’s performance is not altered by the variations in daily amount of carbohydrates ingested by T1D patients. Disclosure P. Gimenez: Employee; Self; Diabeloop SA. S. Lachal: Employee; Self; Diabeloop SA. Y. Tourki: Employee; Self; Diabeloop SA. S. Franc: Advisory Panel; Self; Diabeloop SA, Board Member; Self; Novo Nordisk, Other Relationship; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Research Support; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Stock/Shareholder; Self; Diabeloop SA. C. Amadou: Other Relationship; Self; AstraZeneca, Diabeloop SA, Lilly Diabetes. A. Penfornis: Board Member; Self; Medtrum Technologies, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mundipharma International, Sanofi-Aventis, Other Relationship; Self; Medtrum Technologies, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis. G. Charpentier: Other Relationship; Self; Diabeloop. P. Y. Benhamou: Consultant; Self; Diabeloop SA, Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Other Relationship; Self; Abbott Diabetes.

This study examined whether variations in brain development between kindergarten and Grade 3 predicted individual differences in reading ability at Grade 3. Structural MRI measurements indicated that increases in volume of two left temporo-parietal white matter clusters are unique predictors of reading outcome at Grade 3. Using diffusion MRI, the larger of these two clusters was identified as a location where fibers of the long segment of arcuate fasciculus and superior corona radiata cross, and the smaller cluster as the posterior component of arcuate fasciculus. Bias-free regression analyses using regions-of-interest from prior literature revealed white matter volume changes in similar locations together with preliteracy measures predicted 56% of the variance in reading outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the important contribution of developmental differences in areas of left dorsal white matter, often implicated in phonological processing, as a sensitive early biomarker for later reading abilities and by extension, reading difficulties. ispartof: Psychological Science vol:25 issue:10 pages:1870-1883 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Thanks to its favorable reduction scale law, and its easy integration, electrokinetics has emerged over the last fifteen years as one of the major solution to drive flows in fully integrated lab-on-chip. At microscale, an efficient mixing is a keystep which can dramatically accelerate bio-reactions. For thirty years, Dynamical System theory has predicted that chaotic mixing must involve at least 3 dimensions (either time dependent 2D flows or 3D flows). However, in microfluidics, few works have yet presented efficient embedded micromixers. This paper presents experimental and theoretical study of 2D time dependent chaotic mixing using AC electrothermal fluid flows. Experiments and numerical simulations are performed on a top view device and a sideview device. In both devices, a sinusoidal electric signal is applied between 3 interdigitated gold electrodes. A phase signal Vpp = 11V and a ground are switched between the two side electrodes using a step function, whereas the opposite phase signal –Vpp is steadily applied to the center electrode (Figure 1). Flow velocity is measured by micro particle image velocimetry μ PIV. The velocity profile shows a dramatic asymmetry between the two vortices. Therefore, during the switch, vortices overlap, leading to stretching and folding flows required to obtain chaotic mixing (Figure 3 and 4). The experimental measurements validate our electrothermal models based on our previous work [1]. The mixing efficiency of low diffusive particles is studied at multiscale using the mix-variance coefficient (MVC) [2] to evaluate mixing at different scales (Figure 4). To do so, the domain is successively divided in boxes along the x and y direction up to nx and ny boxes, respectively. For each box configuration, average bead concentration is computed. The variance of these concentrations is then evaluated: MVCs=1nxny∑i=1ny∑j=1nxρij-0.52. The result of numerically evaluated MVC in Figure 2 show a dramatic increase of mixing efficiency with blinking vortices compared to steady flow. Theoretical, experimental and simulation results of the mixing process will be presented.

International audience; Rationale : An alternative approach for the improvement of radiotherapy consists in increasing differentially the radiation dose between tumors and normal tissues using nanoparticles (NPs) that have been beforehand internalized into the tumor. These high-Z NPs can be photo-activated by monochromatic synchrotron X-rays, leading to a local dose enhancement delivered to the neighbouring tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of iron NPs to act as radiosensitizers in vitro and through simulations.Materials and Methods : The radiosensitizing effect of Fe NPs was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations (PENELOPE) and in vitro experiments: F98 tumor cells were incubated for 24h with Fe NPs before being irradiated at 30 keV, 51 keV or 80 keV. The cell survival was measured by clonogenicity and MTT assays. Subsequently, the iron intake after a 24h incubation with NPs was characterized using ICP-MS and the iron distribution was studied thanks to X-ray fluorescence microscopy.Results : F98 are able to endocytose NPs: we measured ~20±4pg of internalized iron per cell (initial iron concentration: 0.06mg/mL in culture medium). The Fe NPs are located in vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The presence of Fe NPs in the cells caused a 1.6±0.4 enhancement of cell death with 30 keV irradiation (initial iron concentrations in culture medium 0.06 mg/mL).Conclusion : F98 tumor cells were able to endocytose and retain Fe NPs in their cytoplasm, and a significative effect of the NPs was observed for a 30 keV irradiation. Our following studies will attempt to better characterize and optimize the radio-sensitizer properties of Fe NPs and shed light on another way to distribute them into the tumor site.This work was supported by the LabEx PRIMES Lyon, France. We thank ESRF for the beamtime and technical support.