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Extending on earlier work, trends in bovine tuberculosis (bTB) from 2003 to 2015 are described for the countries of the UK and the Republic of Ireland using standardised definitions and measures. Based on measures of animal and herd incidence, there remains a stable situation of extremely low prevalence in Scotland and the Low Risk Area of England, and a higher but ongoing reduction in prevalence in the Republic of Ireland. In Northern Ireland, there has been a rising bTB trend during 2010-2015, although not to levels experienced during 2002-2004. In the High Risk Area and Edge Area of England during 2010-2015, the rising bTB trends have continued but with some recent evidence of stabilisation. In Wales, prevalence has fallen subsequent to a peak in 2008. The paper considers country-level differences in the light of key policy changes, which are presented in detail. This work is unique, and will assist policymakers when critically evaluating policy options for effective control and eradication. Ongoing updates of this analysis would be useful, providing an evidence base for country-level comparison of bTB trends into the future. The use of multivariable analytical methods should be considered, but will rely on substantial sharing of raw data across the five countries.

Several electrochemically active polypyridine-metal complexes are isolated in the formally zero-charged state via reductive electrocrystallization, and are thermally evaporated to form conducting thin films with low work functions. Solution-phase cyclic voltammetry of the parent complexes is used to predict the work function of these materials. The reduced films are used as cathode materials in organic light-emitting devices, in place of the commonly used low work function metals such as calcium and aluminum. These reduced complexes represent a new class of materials available for use as electron-injecting contacts in organic electroluminescent devices.

A series of conducting polymers have been prepared through thermal polymerization of transition-metal diimine complexes. The as-polymerized material is electrochemically converted into its formally zerovalent form. Due to the proximity of the half-wave potentials of the formal 1+/0 and 0/1- couples, there is substantial disproportionation of the redox sites at room temperature, resulting in a conductive tervalent mixed-valent material. The redox processes that give rise to this mixed-valent material are predominantly ligand-based, and therefore are highly sensitive to substitution on the ligand periphery. Solution redox chemistry of the monomer can be used to accurately predict the work function of the corresponding zerovalent conducting polymer, which has been verified by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Many of these materials have especially low work functions (

Author's summary.— An attempt at reducing to two basic rules the many rules given in most grammars for the use of the tenses in question.

A simple way of explaining the double agreement of the possessive adjectives in German, French, Spanish and Italian).

REFERRING to a presentation of our method of teaching the subjunctive,' Professor George E. Condoyannis suggests in his article Taming the Subjunctive (The GERMAN QUARTERLY, January, 1945) that his own presentation is to some extent a further development of our method, combined with an attempt to overcome its shortcomings. While it is true that Professor Condoyannis' presentation resembles ours in some important respects (e.g., in making use of the frequently striking parallelism between German and English subjunctive patterns, particularly in the conditional sentences and indirect discourse, in discarding the roundabout way, via direct discourse, of arriving at the indirect discourse constructions, in reducing the number of technical terms, etc.), there are also marked differences between his approach and ours. To mention only one, which I regard as much more important than Professor Condoyannis: his tense nomenclature has practically nothing in common with ours. The purpose of the present brief article is twofold: (1) to answer the two specific objections Professor Condoyannis raises to our nomenclature, and (2) to contribute toward the working out of a compromise between the two main methods prevailing at present, by reviewing briefly only those features of our presentation which seem to me both important and novel. For it will be seen that our approach is already in a sense such a compromise, and simpler than either of the current methods. First, then, Professor Condoyannis' objections to our tense nomenclature. These are directed not only against the term "past subjunctive," but also against "present subjunctive." Professor Condoyannis argues that this term implies a discrepancy between English and German when applied to indirect discourse patterns like: Er sagte, er wisse nichts davon. But there exists here such a discrepancy. Hence the only logical thing to do is to call the German tense a present, thus emphasizing its contrast to the past in the English rendering. For while it is merely helpful to call attention to similarities between German and English, it is positively imperative to stress differences, at least where these are common.