157 results on '"Paul E. Kendra"'
Search Results
2. O bicudo do botão do hibisco (Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Livia M.S. Ataide, Yisell Velazquez Hernandez, Paul E. Kendra, Daniel Carrillo, and Catharine M. Mannion
- Subjects
Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Este informativo sobre do bicudo do botão do hibisco é destinado ao público leigo e acadêmico, dentre outros interessados em adiquirir algum conhecimento sobre a biologia do bicudo do botão do hibisco. Essa praga do hibisco rosa da China, é originário do nordeste do México e do sul do Texas e pode causar grandes perdas econômicas aos produtores de hibisco. O objetivo desta publicação é fornecer informações importantes sobre essa praga do hibisco aos proprietários de viveiros, proprietários de casas-de-vegetação e outros.
- Published
- 2023
3. O caracol indiano (Macrochlamys indica): uma nova praga invasora na Florida
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Lívia M. S. Ataíde, Daniel Carrillo, Dakshina R. Seal, E. Vanessa Vassilaros, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
O objetivo deste documento é fornecer uma visão geral sobre o Macrochlamys indica Benson), popularmente conhecido como caracol indiano, bem como recomendações para otimizar sua detecção e monitoramento em viveiros de mudas. O caracol indiano foi detectado em agosto de 2020 no Condado de Miami-Dade (Talamas 2020). Este caracol está atualmente sob regime quarentenário nos Estados Unidos, devido ao seu potencial para se tornar uma praga agrícola e hospedar nematóides parasitas de importância médica (Grewal et al. 2003; Cowie et al. 2009; Jayashankar e Murthy 2015). Um programa para pesquisar, controlar e erradicar o caracol indiano foi implementado pelo Departamento de Agricultura e Serviços ao Consumidor da Flórida, Divisão da Indústria de Plantas (FDACS-DPI). No entanto, o programa de erradicação foi suspenso no final de 2021.
- Published
- 2023
4. El Caracol Cola de Cuerno (Macrochlamys indica): Una Nueva Plaga Invasiva en Florida
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, German Vargas, Daniel Carrillo, Dakshina R. Seal, E. Vanessa Vassilaros, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
El propósito de este documento es proveer información general del estado actual del conocimiento del caracol cola de cuerno (Macrochlamys indica Benson) así como recomendaciones para su detección y monitoreo en los viveros. El caracol cola de cuerno fue detectado en agosto del 2020 en el condado de Miami-Dade (Talamas 2020). Este caracol es considerado como una plaga de importancia cuarentenaria en los Estados Unidos debido a que se puede convertir en una plaga agrícola y es potencialmente hospedero de nematodos parásitos de importancia médica (Grewal et al. 2003; Cowie et al. 2009; Jayashankar y Murthy 2015). Un programa de monitoreo, control y erradicación del caracol cola de cuerno fue implementado por la División de Industria Vegetal del Departamento de Agricultura y Servicios al Consumidor del estado de Florida (FDACS-DPI, por sus siglas en inglés). En la actualidad el programa de erradicación ha sido suspendido por parte de FDACS-DPI.
- Published
- 2023
5. Effects of destruxin A on hemocytes of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori
- Author
-
Fei Yin, Lina Hu, Zhenyu Li, Xiangbing Yang, Paul E. Kendra, and Qiongbo Hu
- Subjects
destruxin A ,histopathology ,hemocytes ,target ,Bombyx mori ,entomopathogenic fungus ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
IntroductionDestruxin A (DA) is a mycotoxin isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which has demonstrated inhibitory activity against various insect species. However, the mechanism of inhibition on target sites in insects remains unknown.MethodsIn this research, the dose-response relationship between DA and morphological changes in body tissues and organs of domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, were investigated by histopathological methods to identify the target sites that responded to DA.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that responses of individual tissues and organs varied with DA dosage and treatment time. At low doses (i.e., 0.01μg/g), the hemocytes were the most sensitive to DA with morphological changes apparent at 6 h after treatment. However, the muscle cells, fat body, and Malpighian tubules were unaltered. At higher doses (i.e., > 0.1μg/g), morphological changes were observed in muscle cells, fat body, and Malpighian tubules at 24 h after treatment. The results indicated that DA can be an immunosuppressant by damaging host cells like hemocytes, and at higher doses may potentially impact other physiological processes, including muscle function, metabolism, and excretion. The information presented in the current study will facilitate development of mycopesticides and novel immunosuppressants.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. El Ácaro de la Erinosis del Lychee (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, German Vargas, Jonathan H. Crane, Jeff Wasielewski, Paul E. Kendra, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
El ácaro de la erinosis del lichi es una plaga nativa de Asia que ha sido reportada en varios países. En Brasil ha causado pérdidas y ha incrementado los costos de producción en un 20%. También en India se ha reportado una reducción del 80% en el rendimiento. En 2018, el LEM fue encontrado en el condado de Lee, Florida y luego en otros del centro y el sur del estado. En consecuencia, la División de Industria Vegetal del Departamento de Agricultura y Servicios al Consumidor del estado de Florida estableció un programa de erradicación y cuarentena en el condado de Lee. Esta publicación brinda un perfil a profundidad del ácaro de la erinosis del lichi y está dirigida a personas interesadas con conocimiento de biología, así como a una audiencia académica.
- Published
- 2023
7. El Picudo del Botón del Hibisco (Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, German Vargas, Yisell Velazquez Hernandez, Paul E. Kendra, Daniel Carrillo, and Catharine M. Mannion
- Subjects
Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
El picudo del botón del hibisco es una plaga originaria de México y de Texas, visto en Florida por primera vez en 2017. El incremento de las poblaciones del picudo entre 2019 y 2020 impactó negativamente la industria del hibisco en Florida, resultando en grandes pérdidas económicas (el estado lidera la producción nacional). Esta plaga está regulada por la División de Industria Vegetal del Departamento de Agricultura y Servicios al Consumidor, que establece que cualquier vivero que lo detecte debe seguir un acuerdo para reducir probabilidades de dispersión. El propósito de este documento es proveer información acerca de esta importante plaga a productores de viveros y al público interesado.
- Published
- 2023
8. Flexibility in the ambrosia symbiosis of Xyleborus bispinatus
- Author
-
Octavio Menocal, Luisa F. Cruz, Paul E. Kendra, Marielle Berto, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
ambrosia beetles ,flexible symbiosis ,fungal partners ,Fusarium ,Harringtonia lauricola ,laurel wilt ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
IntroductionAmbrosia beetles maintain strict associations with specific lineages of fungi. However, anthropogenic introductions of ambrosia beetles into new ecosystems can result in the lateral transfer of their symbionts to other ambrosia beetles. The ability of a Florida endemic ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus bispinatus, to feed and establish persistent associations with two of its known symbionts (Raffaelea subfusca and Raffaelea arxii) and two other fungi (Harringtonia lauricola and Fusarium sp. nov.), which are primary symbionts of invasive ambrosia beetles, was investigated.MethodsThe stability of these mutualisms and their effect on the beetle’s fitness were monitored over five consecutive generations. Surface-disinfested pupae with non-developed mycangia were reared separately on one of the four fungal symbionts. Non-treated beetles (i.e., lab colony) with previously colonized mycangia were used as a control group.ResultsXyleborus bispinatus could exchange its fungal symbionts, survive, and reproduce on different fungal diets, including known fungal associates and phylogenetically distant fungi, which are plant pathogens and primary symbionts of other invasive ambrosia beetles. These changes in fungal diets resulted in persistent mutualisms, and some symbionts even increased the beetle’s reproduction. Females that developed on Fusarium sp. nov. had a significantly greater number of female offspring than non-treated beetles. Females that fed solely on Harringtonia or Raffaelea symbionts produced fewer female offspring.DiscussionEven though some ambrosia beetles like X. bispinatus can partner with different ambrosia fungi, their symbiosis under natural conditions is modulated by their mycangium and possibly other environmental factors. However, exposure to symbionts of invasive beetles can result in stable partnerships with these fungi and affect the population dynamics of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A Prophylactic Application of Systemic Insecticides Contributes to the Management of the Hibiscus Bud Weevil Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
German Vargas, A. Daniel Greene, Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez, Xiangbing Yang, Paul E. Kendra, and Alexandra M. Revynthi
- Subjects
invasive species ,chemical control ,ornamentals ,integrated pest management ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The hibiscus bud weevil is an invasive pest that attacks tropical hibiscus. Its management has been challenging due to its cryptic adult and concealed immature stages. We evaluated the efficiency of four systemic insecticides (spirotetramat, chlorantraniliprole, flupyradifurone, and cyantraniliprole) against the pest using two approaches: one applied 4 weeks before infestation (prophylactic) and the other 1 week after (curative). The number of eggs, larvae, and feeding holes per sampled bud were recorded 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the infestation (prophylactic), and after the application (curative), respectively. In general, a greater number of treatment effects were detected in the prophylactic approach in comparison with those in the curative. With the prophylactic approach, the mean number of larvae and feeding holes per actively growing bud was significantly greater for the control (water) than for all insecticides. Among fallen buds, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, and spirotetramat had significantly fewer feeding holes than those in the control. With the curative approach, the mean number of feeding holes was greater in the control with no differences among insecticides. The prophylactic application can effectively suppress initial HBW infestation, in contrast to the curative application targeting already high populations. This provides the opportunity for reducing the impact of this regulated pest in areas of expansion.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A New Repellent for Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Primary Vector of the Mycopathogen That Causes Laurel Wilt
- Author
-
Kevin R. Cloonan, Wayne S. Montgomery, Teresa I. Narvaez, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
Harringtonia lauricola ,invasive species ,Lauraceae ,piperitone ,Xyleborus glabratus ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, was detected in Georgia, USA, in 2002 and has since spread to 11 additional states. This wood-boring weevil carries a symbiotic fungus, Harringtonia lauricola, that causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae family. Native ambrosia beetles that breed in infected trees can acquire H. lauricola and contribute to the spread of laurel wilt. Since 2002, laurel wilt has devastated native Persea species in coastal forests and has killed an estimated 200,000 avocado trees in Florida. Since laurel wilt is difficult to manage once it has entered a susceptible agrosystem, this study evaluated piperitone as a candidate repellent to deter attacks by X. glabratus and other ambrosia beetles. Additionally, piperitone was compared to the known repellent verbenone as a potential cost-effective alternative. The repellent efficacy was determined by comparing captures in traps baited with commercial beetle lures containing α-copaene versus captures in traps baited with lures plus a repellent. In parallel 10-week field tests, the addition of piperitone reduced the captures of X. glabratus in α-copaene-baited traps by 90%; however, there was no significant reduction in the captures of native ambrosia beetles in ethanol-baited traps. In two replicate 10-week comparative tests, piperitone and verbenone both reduced X. glabratus captures by 68–90%, with longevity over the full 10 weeks. This study identifies piperitone as a new X. glabratus repellent with potential for pest management.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Volatile Characterization of Lychee Plant Tissues (Litchi chinensis) and the Effect of Key Compounds on the Behavior of the Lychee Erinose Mite (Aceria litchii)
- Author
-
Livia M. S. Ataide, Nurhayat Tabanca, Maria A. Canon, Elena Q. Schnell, Teresa I. Narvaez, Kevin R. Cloonan, Paul E. Kendra, Daniel Carrillo, and Alexandra M. Revynthi
- Subjects
herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) ,behavioral bioassays ,eriophyoid mites ,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,head-space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) are volatile signals emitted by plants to deter herbivores and attract their natural enemies. To date, it is unknown how lychee plants, Litchi chinensis, respond to the induction of leaf galls (erinea) caused by the lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii. Aiming to reveal the role of HIPVs in this plant-mite interaction, we investigated changes in the volatile profile of lychee plants infested by LEM and their role on LEM preferences. The volatile profile of uninfested (flower buds, fruit, leaves and new leaf shoots) and infested plant tissue were characterized under different levels of LEM infestation. Volatiles were collected using head-space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Fifty-eight volatiles, including terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, esters, and ketones classes were identified. Using dual-choice bioassays, we investigated the preference of LEM to uninfested plant tissues and to the six most abundant plant volatiles identified. Uninfested new leaf shoots were the most attractive plant tissues to LEM and LEM attraction or repellence to volatiles were mostly influenced by compound concentration. We discuss possible applications of our findings in agricultural settings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Contact Insecticides and Horticultural Oils on the Hibiscus Bud Weevil, Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
A. Daniel Greene, Xiangbing Yang, Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez, German Vargas, Paul E. Kendra, Catharine Mannion, and Alexandra M. Revynthi
- Subjects
IPM ,chemical control ,conventional pesticides ,biorational pesticides ,Science - Abstract
In 2017, the hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was found outside of its native range of Mexico and Texas, infesting hibiscus plants in Florida. Therefore, we selected 21 different insecticide and horticultural oil products to evaluate their effects on the reproductive rate, feeding, and oviposition behavior of the HBW. In laboratory experiments, significant mortality was observed in adult weevils exposed to diflubenzuron-treated hibiscus leaves and buds, and hibiscus buds treated with diflubenzuron contained the fewest number of eggs and feeding/oviposition holes. Among horticultural oil products, significant mortality was only observed in experiments in which adult weevils were directly sprayed (direct experiments). Pyrethrins and spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor reduced the oviposition rate and caused significant mortality in direct experiments. Diflubenzuron, pyrethrins, spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat were further tested via contact toxicity experiments and greenhouse experiments. Contact toxicity experiments demonstrated that the tested insecticides (except diflubenzuron) were highly toxic to HBW adults. In greenhouse experiments, only those hibiscus plants treated with pyrethrins had significantly fewer feeding/oviposition holes and larvae within their flower buds when compared to control (water-treated) plants. These results constitute an important first step in the identification of effective chemical control options for the HBW.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. HPTLC Analysis and Chemical Composition of Selected Melaleuca Essential Oils
- Author
-
Aimé Vázquez, Nurhayat Tabanca, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
tea tree oil ,cajeput oil ,nerolina oil ,niaouli oil ,rosalina oil ,terpinene-4-ol ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) is a volatile essential oil obtained by distillation, mainly from the Australian native plant Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae). In this study, a comparative analysis of the chemical constituents of seven tea tree oils (M. alternifolia) and four other Melaleuca spp. oils (M. cajuputi, (MCa), two chemotypes of M. quinquenervia, (MNe and MNi), and M. ericifolia (MRo)) was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Among the seven TTOs, terpinen-4-ol (37.66–44.28%), γ-terpinene (16.42–20.75%), α-terpinene (3.47–12.62%), α-terpineol (3.11–4.66%), and terpinolene (2.75–4.19%) were the most abundant compounds. On the other hand, the most abundant compounds of the other Melaleuca oils varied, such as 1,8-cineole (64.63%) in MCa oil, (E)-nerolidol (48.40%) and linalool (33.30%) in MNe oil, 1,8-cineole (52.20%) in MNi oil, and linalool (38.19%) and 1,8-cineole (27.57%) in MRo oil. HPTLC fingerprinting of Melaleuca oils enabled the discrimination of TTO oils from other Melaleuca spp. oils. Variation was observed in the profile of the Rf values among EOs. The present study shows that HPTLC is one of the best ways to identify and evaluate the quality control in authenticating TTOs, other Melaleuca EOs, or EOs from other species within the Myrtaceae.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Piperitone (p-Menth-1-En-3-One): A New Repellent for Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Florida Avocado Groves
- Author
-
Paul E. Kendra, Wayne S. Montgomery, Nurhayat Tabanca, Elena Q. Schnell, Aimé Vázquez, Octavio Menocal, Daniel Carrillo, and Kevin R. Cloonan
- Subjects
ambrosia beetle ,Euwallacea perbrevis ,Fusarium dieback ,invasive species ,Persea americana ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The tea shot hole borer, Euwallacea perbrevis, has been recently established in Florida, USA, where it vectors fungal pathogens that cause Fusarium dieback in avocado. Pest monitoring uses a two-component lure containing quercivorol and α-copaene. Incorporation of a repellent into IPM programs may reduce the incidence of dieback in avocado groves, particularly if combined with lures in a push–pull system. This study evaluated piperitone and α-farnesene as potential repellents for E. perbrevis, comparing their efficacy to that of verbenone. Replicate 12-week field tests were conducted in commercial avocado groves. Each test compared beetle captures in traps baited with two-component lures versus captures in traps containing lures plus repellent. To complement field trials, Super-Q collections followed by GC analyses were performed to quantify emissions from repellent dispensers field-aged for 12 weeks. Electroantennography (EAG) was also used to measure beetle olfactory response to each repellent. Results indicated that α-farnesene was ineffective; however, piperitone and verbenone were comparable in repellency, achieving 50–70% reduction in captures, with longevity of 10–12 weeks. EAG responses to piperitone and verbenone were equivalent, and significantly greater than response to α-farnesene. Since piperitone is less expensive than verbenone, this study identifies a potential new E. perbrevis repellent.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Horntail Snail (Macrochlamys indica): A New Invasive Pest in Florida
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Daniel Carrillo, Dakshina Seal, Vanessa E. Vassilaros, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
Invasive pest ,eradication program ,molluscicides ,metaldehyde ,snails ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The horntail snail was detected, in August 2020, in Miami-Dade County. This snail is considered of quarantine importance in the United States because it can become an agricultural pest and potentially host parasitic nematodes of medical significance. A program to survey, control, and eradicate the horntail snail has been implemented by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. A version of this article has been posted on the UF/IFAS Tropical REC website prior to EDIS publication at https://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/media/trecifasufledu/pdf-docs/Horntail-Snail-Extension-10-13-2020.pdf
- Published
- 2022
16. Bacillus thuringiensis and Chlorantraniliprole Trigger the Expression of Detoxification-Related Genes in the Larval Midgut of Plutella xylostella
- Author
-
Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir, Xiangbing Yang, Raufa Batool, Fei Yin, Paul E. Kendra, and Zhen-Yu Li
- Subjects
Bacillus thuringiensis ,chlorantraniliprole ,Plutella xylostella ,resistance management ,RNA sequencing ,gene expression ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Background: Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), has developed resistance to many insecticides. The molecular mechanism of DBM resistance to Bt-G033A combined with chlorantraniliprole (CL) remains undefined.Methods: In this study, field-resistant strains of Plutella xylostella to three pesticides, namely, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (Bt-G033A), CL, and a mixture of Bt + CL, were selected to evaluate the resistance level. Additionally, transcriptomic profiles of a susceptible (SS-DBM), field-resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), CL-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + CL-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains were performed by comparative analysis to identify genes responsible for detoxification.Results: The Bt-G033A was the most toxic chemical to all the DBM strains among the three insecticides. The comparative analysis identified 25,518 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pairs/combinations of strains. DEGs were enriched in pathways related to metabolic and catalytic activity and ABC transporter in resistant strains. In total, 17 metabolic resistance-related candidate genes were identified in resistance to Bt-G033A, CL, and Bt + CL by co-expression network analysis. Within candidate genes, the majority was upregulated in key genes including cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase in CL- and BtC-resistant strains. Furthermore, aminopeptidase N (APN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cadherin, trypsin, and ABC transporter genes were eminent as Bt-resistance-related genes. Expression patterns of key genes by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) proved the credibility of transcriptome data and suggest their association in the detoxification process.Conclusion: To date, this study is the most comprehensive research presenting functional transcriptome analysis of DBM using Bt-G033A and CL combined insecticidal activity.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Lychee Erinose Mite Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Jonathan H. Crane, Jeff Wasielewski, Paul E. Kendra, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
invasive mite species ,erinea ,litchi ,galls ,Acari ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The lychee erinose mite is an important pest of lychee and is found in lychee-producing countries in Asia and South America and in Australia, Hawaii, and Brazil, where it has has caused an estimated 70–80% yield reduction and a 20% increase in production costs. Found in Lee County, Florida, in 2018, it has since spread to several counties in central and south Florida. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , Division of Plant Industry established an eradication program and a quarantine in Lee county. Management in other countries includes chemical control in combination with pruning. The purpose of this publication is to provide an in-depth profile of the lychee erinose mite. It is intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.
- Published
- 2021
18. The Hibiscus bud weevil (Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Yisell Velazquez Hernandez, Juleysy Rodriguez, Paul E. Kendra, Daniel Carrillo, and Catharine M. Mannion
- Subjects
Weevils ,Hibiscus ,Ornamental crops ,Invasive pest ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A profile of the hibiscus bud weevil intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. The hibiscus bud weevil, a pest of China rose hibiscus, originates from northeastern Mexico and southern Texas and can cause large economic losses to hibiscus growers. This fact sheet provides nursery owners, homeowners, and other interested people with information on this serious pest.
- Published
- 2021
19. Community of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems with Laurel Wilt
- Author
-
Kevin R. Cloonan, Wayne S. Montgomery, Teresa I. Narvaez, Daniel Carrillo, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
chemical ecology ,essential oil lures ,ethanol lures ,Euwallacea perbrevis ,invasive species ,kairomones ,Science - Abstract
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring pest first detected in the USA in 2002 in Georgia. The beetle’s dominant fungal symbiont, Harringtonialauricola, causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Over the past 20 years, X. glabratus and laurel wilt have spread to twelve southeastern states, resulting in high mortality of native Persea species, including redbay (P. borbonia), swampbay (P. palustris), and silkbay (P. humilis). Laurel wilt also threatens avocado (P. americana) in south Florida, but in contrast to the situation in forests, X. glabratus is detected at very low levels in affected groves. Moreover, other species of ambrosia beetle have acquired H. lauricola and now function as secondary vectors. To better understand the beetle communities in different ecosystems exhibiting laurel wilt, parallel field tests were conducted in an avocado grove in Miami-Dade County and a swampbay forest in Highlands County, FL. Sampling utilized ethanol lures (the best general attractant for ambrosia beetles) and essential oil lures (the best attractants for X. glabratus), alone and in combination, resulting in detection of 20 species. This study documents host-related differences in beetle diversity and population levels, and species-specific differences in chemical ecology, as reflected in efficacy of lures and lure combinations.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Development of a Kairomone-Based Attractant as a Monitoring Tool for the Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
- Author
-
Jerome Niogret, Paul E. Kendra, Arni Ekayanti, Aijun Zhang, Jean-Philippe Marelli, Nurhayat Tabanca, and Nancy Epsky
- Subjects
cocoa pod borer ,Conopomorpha cramerella ,kairomone ,pheromone ,lure development ,monitoring tool ,Science - Abstract
The cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella, is a major economic pest of cocoa, Theobroma cacao, in Southeast Asia. CPB monitoring programs currently use a costly synthetic pheromone lure attractive to males. Field trapping experiments demonstrating an effective plant-based alternative are presented in this study. Five lychee-based products were compared for their attractiveness to CPB males. The organic lychee flavor extract (OLFE), the most attractive product, captured significantly more CPB as a 1 mL vial formulation than unbaited traps, while being competitive with the commercial pheromone lures. Additional experiments show that a 20 mL membrane OLFE lure was most effective, attracting significantly more CPB than the pheromone. When the kairomone and pheromone lures were combined, no additive or synergistic effects were observed. Concentrating the OLFE product (OLFEc) using a rotary evaporator increased the lure attractiveness to field longevity for up to 28 weeks; in contrast, pheromone lures were effective for approximately 4 weeks. The 20 mL concentrated OLFE membrane lures should provide a cheaper and more efficient monitoring tool for CPB than the current commercial pheromone lures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Electroantennographic Responses of Wild and Laboratory-Reared Females of Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff and Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Ethanol and Bark Volatiles of Three Host-Plant Species
- Author
-
Patricia Romero, Luis A. Ibarra-Juárez, Daniel Carrillo, José A. Guerrero-Analco, Paul E. Kendra, Ana L. Kiel-Martínez, and Larissa Guillén
- Subjects
ambrosia beetles ,electroantennography (EAG) ,host kairomones ,olfaction ,volatilome ,Science - Abstract
Chemical ecology studies on ambrosia beetles are typically conducted with either wild or laboratory-reared specimens. Unlike laboratory-reared insects, important aspects that potentially influence behavioral responses, such as age, physiological state, and prior experience are unknown in wild specimens. In this study, we compared the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of laboratory-reared and wild X. affinis and X. ferrugineus to 70% ethanol and bark odors (host kairomones) of Bursera simaruba, Mangifera indica, and Persea schiedeana aged for 2, 24, and 48 h. Chemical analyses of each odor treatment (bark species x length of aging) were performed to determine their volatilome composition. EAG responses were different between laboratory-reared and wild X. ferrugineus when exposed to ethanol, whereas wild X. affinis exhibited similar EAG responses to the laboratory-reared insects. Ethanol elicited the strongest olfactory responses in both species. Among the bark-odors, the highest responses were triggered by B. simaruba at 48 h in X. affinis, and P. schiedeana at 24 and 48 h in X. ferrugineus. Volatile profiles varied among aged bark samples; 3-carene and limonene were predominant in B. simaruba, whereas α-copaene and α-cubebene were abundant in P. schiedeana. Further studies are needed to determine the biological function of B. simaruba and P. schiedeana terpenes on X. affinis and X. ferrugineus, and their potential application for the development of effective lures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Influence of Canopy Cover and Meteorological Factors on the Abundance of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Avocado Orchards Affected by Laurel Wilt
- Author
-
Octavio Menocal, Paul E. Kendra, Armando Padilla, Pollyana C. Chagas, Edvan A. Chagas, Jonathan H. Crane, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
abiotic factors ,canopy management ,canopy openness ,decision tree analysis ,microclimate ,Persea americana ,Agriculture - Abstract
In the last decade in South Florida, approximately 200,000 avocado trees have succumbed to laurel wilt (LW), a fungal disease vectored by ambrosia beetles. Sanitation (e.g., pruning, stumping, and removal of LW–affected trees) and replanting with young trees are cultural practices currently used by avocado growers to reduce the incidence of LW. Surveillance in these managed orchards suggests a decline in ambrosia beetle abundance, and previous research determined that female flight activity is influenced by light intensity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of three canopy covers (i.e., full canopy, topworked, and new planting) on ambrosia beetle abundance. A total of 28,184 individuals, representing 15 species within Scolytinae and Platypodinae, were captured passively in three LW–affected avocado orchards over a one-year period. Full canopy cover exhibited the highest number of beetles and the lowest light intensity. The opposite was found for topworked and new planting covers. Additionally, we documented the effect of meteorological factors on the flight dispersal of five species known to vector the LW pathogen. The flight activity of Xylosandrus crassiusculus and Xyleborinus saxesenii was highly influenced by abiotic factors (R2 > 0.50), especially solar radiation, whereas the flight of Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus volvulus, and Xyleborus bispinatus was only partially explained by climatic variables (0.20 < R2 < 0.30). Our results indicate that reducing canopy cover, thereby increasing light intensity, suppresses ambrosia beetle abundance, especially for species associated with the LW pathogen. Abiotic factors play a critical role in the dispersal of invasive species (X. crassiusculus and X. saxesenii), but their effect is less pronounced on native species (X. affinis, X. volvulus, and X. bispinatus). Canopy management alters the microclimatic conditions in avocado orchards, affecting ambrosia beetle abundance and flight activity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Paul E. Kendra, Nurhayat Tabanca, Luisa F. Cruz, Octavio Menocal, Elena Q. Schnell, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
ambrosia beetles ,chemical ecology ,Euwallacea perbrevis ,Fusarium dieback ,invasive species ,p-menth-2-en-1-ol ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Euwallacea perbrevis is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing Fusarium dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixture of p-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers and both α- and β-phellandrene. This study used pure cultures of six symbiotic fungi isolated from E. perbrevis to document volatile emissions and determine the relative attraction of symbionts in binary choice assays. In a comparative test, headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify emissions from 3-week-old cultures. In a temporal study, Super-Q collection followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection was used to measure cis- and trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol emissions for three months. A total of 15 compounds were detected, with monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids predominating. Only trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol was common to all six symbionts. Peak levels of both isomers were observed at day 7, then gradually declined over a 90 day period. In choice tests, avocado sawdust disks inoculated with Fusarium sp. nov. were the most attractive. This symbiont produced only two volatiles, trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol and limonene. The combined results indicate that trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol is the primary female attractant emitted from symbiotic fungi, but limonene may be a secondary attractant of E. perbrevis.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits of Juniperus foetidissima and Their Attractancy and Toxicity to Two Economically Important Tephritid Fruit Fly Species, Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha suspensa
- Author
-
Mehmet Kurtca, Ibrahim Tumen, Hasan Keskin, Nurhayat Tabanca, Xiangbing Yang, Betul Demirci, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
juniper oil ,Cupressaceae ,α-pinene ,α-thujone ,β-thujone ,cedrol ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The present study analyzed the chemical composition of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. essential oils (EOs) and evaluated their attractancy and toxicity to two agriculturally important tephritid fruit flies. The composition of hydrodistilled EOs obtained from leaves (JFLEO) and fruits (JFFEO) of J. foetidissima was analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS. The main compounds were α-pinene (45%) and cedrol (18%) in the JFLEO and α-pinene (42%), α-thujone (12%), and β-thujone (25%) in the JFFEO. In behavioral bioassays of the male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), both JFLEO and JFFEO showed strong attraction comparable to that observed with two positive controls, Melaleuca alternifolia and Tetradenia riparia EOs. In topical bioassays of the female Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), the toxicity of JFFEO was two-fold higher than that of JFLEO, with the LD50 values being 10.46 and 22.07 µg/µL, respectively. This could be due to differences in chemical components between JFLEO and JFFEO. The JFFEO was dominated by 48% monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH) and 46% oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), while JFLEO consisted of 57% MH, 18% OM, and 20% oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS). This is the first study to evaluate the attractancy and toxicity of J. foetidissima EOs to tephritid fruit flies. Our results indicate that JFFEO has the potential for application to the management of pest tephritid species, and further investigation is warranted.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Biology of Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, 1897 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A New Pest of Tropical Hibiscus
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Yisell Velazquez Hernandez, Maria A. Canon, A. Daniel Greene, German Vargas, Paul E. Kendra, and Catharine M. Mannion
- Subjects
invasive pest ,hibiscus bud weevil ,artificial diet ,China rose hibiscus ,IPM ,life history ,Science - Abstract
Originating in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas, the hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell 1897, was discovered infesting China rose hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) in south Florida in May 2017. Although the biologies of the congeneric boll weevil, A. grandis Boheman 1843, and pepper weevil, A. eugenii Cano 1894 are well documented, no data are available regarding the biology of HBW. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the biology of this pest when reared at 10, 15, 27 and 34 °C and on different food sources. This weevil has three larval instars and its life cycle was completed only at 27 ± 1 °C. Weevil development was similar on an artificial diet when compared with a diet of hibiscus buds. Adult HBW could survive solely on pollen, but reproduction did not occur. Without water, HBW survived for ≈15 days; survival times reached nearly 30 days when water was accessible. Our results suggest that if left unmanaged, HBW has the potential to cause significant economic damage to the hibiscus industry. Given that a comprehensive understanding of a pest’s biology is critical for development of effective integrated pest management, our results provide a foundation for future research endeavors to mitigate the impact of this weevil in south Florida.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Preferential Attraction of Oviposition-Ready Oriental Fruit Flies to Host Fruit Odor over Protein Food Odor
- Author
-
Gwang-Hyun Roh, Paul E. Kendra, and Dong H. Cha
- Subjects
egg load ,female attraction ,food choice ,host choice ,invasive pest ,physiological status ,Science - Abstract
Olfaction plays a key role in the location of food and oviposition resources by tephritid fruit flies. Adult females, including oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, can sustain egg production throughout their lives provided they obtain sufficient protein. Thus, preferential attraction to food or oviposition sites (host fruit) will depend on a fly’s particular physiological state. In this study, laboratory bioassays were conducted with mature, mated B. dorsalis (provisioned protein and sugar ad libitum) to evaluate attraction to traps baited with torula yeast versus six host fruit sources (guava, guava juice, mango, orange, Surinam cherry, or white sapote). Females that preferred fruit laid a significant number of eggs around the trap entrance (average 405 eggs/fly), while almost no eggs were laid by females that preferred yeast (0.5 and 1.3 eggs/fly on two occasions). Similar results were observed in a bioassay using headspace extracts of guava juice and torula yeast, supporting olfactory-mediated responses. When individual females were allowed to oviposit in guava juice traps 0–24 h after a choice test, 45.8% of females that chose guava juice laid eggs (average 14.7 eggs/fly), compared with 27.5% that chose yeast (average 6.5 eggs/fly). Dissections indicated that females with a preference for guava juice had an egg load 2.4 times greater than females that preferred yeast. These results suggest there is an olfactory-based behavioral switch in preference from protein to host odors when female B. dorsalis are oviposition-ready. We discuss the implications of our findings for practical behavioral management and detection programs for B. dorsalis.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Insecticidal and Attractant Activities of Magnolia citrata Leaf Essential Oil against Two Major Pests from Diptera: Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) and Ceratitis capitata (Tephritidae)
- Author
-
Ngoc Anh Luu-Dam, Nurhayat Tabanca, Alden S. Estep, Duy Hung Nguyen, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
Magnoliaceae ,mosquito ,medfly ,fruit fly ,GC-MS ,aliphatic aldehydes ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
In this study, Magnolia citrata Noot and Chalermglin (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (MCEO) was evaluated for insecticidal activity against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and attractant activity for the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. The leaves of Magnolia citrata (Giổi chanh) were collected from northwestern Vietnam, and the water-distilled MCEO was analyzed by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of MCEO were identified as linalool 19%, geranial 16%, citronellal 14%, neral 14%, and sabinene 12%. MCEO showed 100% mortality at 1 μg/μL against 1st instar larvae of Ae. aegypti (Orlando strain, ORL), and the oil exhibited 54% (ORL) and 68% (Puerto Rico strain) mortality at 5 μg/mosquito against Ae. aegypti adult females. Initial screens showed that MCEO had weak insecticidal activity compared to the positive control permethrin. In bioassays with sterile male C. capitata, MCEO exhibited moderately strong attraction, comparable to that observed with a positive control, Tetradenia riparia essential oil (TREO). Herein, the insecticidal and attractant activities of MCEO are reported for the first time.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Mastic Gum Essential Oils of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia from Turkey
- Author
-
Nurhayat Tabanca, Ayse Nalbantsoy, Paul E. Kendra, Fatih Demirci, and Betul Demirci
- Subjects
Anacardiaceae ,terpenoids ,α-pinene ,myrcene ,β-pinene ,GC-MS ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation from wild and cultivated Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia—mastic gum tree (Anacardiaceae) from two natural habitats, namely from Cesme–Uzunkoy (1) and Mordogan (2), and one cultivated source, Cesme–Germiyan (3), in Izmir, Turkey. This comparative study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activity of mastic gum essential oils (MGEOs). For this purpose, MGEOs 1–3 were analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chiral GC for α-pinene. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess for potential in vitro cytotoxicity (multiple in vitro cancer cell lines), antimicrobial properties (five bacterial species and yeast), anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), and the attraction of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly), respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that MGEOs 1 and 2 were rich in α-pinene (56.2% and 51.9%), myrcene (20.1% and 18.6%), and β-pinene (2.7% and 3.1%), respectively; whereas MGEO-3 was characterized by a high level of α-pinene (70.8%), followed by β-pinene (5.7%) and myrcene (2.5%). Chiral GC analyses showed that concentration ratios between (−)/(+)-α-pinene and (−)-α-pinene/myrcene allowed for differentiation between wild and cultivated MGEO sources. In biological assays, MGEOs 1–3 did not exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against the pathogens evaluated and were not strong attractants of male medflies; however, all three MGEOs displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS, and MGEOs 1 and 2 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. These results suggest that wild-type mastic gum oils from Cesme and Mordogan (MGEOs 1 and 2) are potential sources of beneficial products and warrant further investigation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Detection of the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Florida, USA: A Comparison with Other Alien Populations
- Author
-
Daniel Carrillo, Luisa F. Cruz, Alexandra M. Revynthi, Rita E. Duncan, Gary R. Bauchan, Ronald Ochoa, Paul E. Kendra, and Samuel J. Bolton
- Subjects
invasive mite species ,erinea ,Litchi chinensis ,galls ,Science - Abstract
The lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii (Keifer) is a serious pest of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). LEM causes a type of gall called ‘erineum’ (abnormal felty growth of trichomes from the epidermis), where it feeds, reproduces and protects itself from biotic and abiotic adversities. In February of 2018, LEM was found in a commercial lychee orchard on Pine Island, Florida. Infestations were recorded on young leaves, stems, and inflorescences of approximately 30 young trees (1.5–3.0 yrs.) of three lychee varieties presenting abundant new growth. Although LEM is present in Hawaii, this mite is a prioritized quarantine pest in the continental USA and its territories. Florida LEM specimens showed small morphological differences from the original taxonomic descriptions of Keifer (1943) and Huang (2008). The observed differences are probably an artifact of the drawings in the original descriptions. Molecular comparisons were conducted on the DNA of LEM specimens from India, Hawaii, Brazil, Taiwan, Australia and Florida. The amplified COI fragment showed very low nucleotide variation among the locations and thus, could be used for accurate LEM identification. The ITS1 sequences and partial 5.8S fragments displayed no nucleotide differences for specimens from any of the locations except Australia. Consistent differences were observed in the ITS2 and 28S fragments. The ITS1-ITS2 concatenated phylogeny yielded two lineages, with Australia in one group and Hawaii, India, Brazil, Florida and Taiwan in another. Specimens from Taiwan and Florida present identical ITS and rDNA segments, suggesting a common origin; however, analysis of additional sequences is needed to confirm the origin of the Florida population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. TLC-Based Bioassay to Isolate Kairomones from Tea Tree Essential Oil That Attract Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
- Author
-
Nurhayat Tabanca, Jerome Niogret, Paul E. Kendra, and Nancy D. Epsky
- Subjects
invasive insect pest ,semiochemicals ,attractant ,thin-layer chromatography ,terpinen-4-ol ,α-terpineol ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) poses a major threat to fruit and vegetable production in the United States and throughout the world. New attractants and detection methods could improve control strategies for this invasive pest. In this study, we developed a method that combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of tea tree essential oil (TTO) (Melaleuca alternifolia) with short-range bioassays to isolate attractive kairomones for male C. capitata. After development, the TLC chromatogram indicated that TTO separated into five major spots, designated as zones 1 to 5. When the TLC plate was exposed to flies, zones 1 and 3 were strongly attractive to male C. capitata. To confirm activity, the developed TLC plate was cut into five zones which were then tested in short-range bioassays. Again, flies were observed to aggregate around zones 1 and 3, which corresponded with Rf values of 0.93 and 0.59. In addition, zones 1 to 5 were separated using preparative-TLC, and olfactory responses to volatile emissions from the five fractions were quantified by electroantennography (EAG). Highest amplitude EAG responses were recorded with fractions 1 and 3, further supporting the bioactivity of these samples. In conclusion, a TLC-based bioassay system can provide an effective, rapid screening protocol for initial isolation of insect kairomones from complex mixtures such as essential oils or plant extracts. Further analysis of TTO fractions 1 and 3 is needed to identify the specific constituents attractive to male C. capitata.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Laboratory Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Aromatic Compounds as Potential Attractants for Male Mediterranean fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata
- Author
-
Nurhayat Tabanca, Marco Masi, Nancy D. Epsky, Paola Nocera, Alessio Cimmino, Paul E. Kendra, Jerome Niogret, and Antonio Evidente
- Subjects
kairomone ,o-eugenol ,estragole ,phenyllactic acid ,attractants ,invasive species ,electroantennography ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of the most serious agricultural pests worldwide responsible for significant reduction in fruit and vegetable yields. Eradication is expensive and often not feasible. Current control methods include the application of conventional insecticides, leading to pesticide resistance and unwanted environmental effects. The aim of this study was to identify potential new attractants for incorporation into more environmentally sound management programs for C. capitata. In initial binary choice bioassays against control, a series of naturally occurring plant and fungal aromatic compounds and their related analogs were screened, identifying phenyllactic acid (7), estragole (24), o-eugenol (21), and 2-allylphenol (23) as promising attractants for male C. capitata. Subsequent binary choice tests evaluated five semisynthetic derivatives prepared from 2-allylphenol, but none of these were as attractive as 2-allylphenol. In binary choice bioassays with the four most attractive compounds, males were more attracted to o-eugenol (21) than to estragole (24), 2-allylphenol (23), or phenyllactic acid (7). In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify antennal olfactory responses to the individual compounds (1−29), and the strongest EAG responses were elicited by 1-allyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (11), estragole (24), 4-allyltoluene (14), trans-anethole (9), o-eugenol (21), and 2-allylphenol (23). The compounds evaluated in the current investigation provide insight into chemical structure−function relationships and help direct future efforts in the development of improved attractants for the detection and control of invasive C. capitata.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Xyleborus bispinatus Reared on Artificial Media in the Presence or Absence of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola)
- Author
-
Octavio Menocal, Luisa F. Cruz, Paul E. Kendra, Jonathan H. Crane, Miriam F. Cooperband, Randy C. Ploetz, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
ambrosia beetle ,ambrosia fungi ,beetle–fungus symbiosis ,Coleoptera ,Curculionidae ,Lauraceae ,Persea americana ,Persea humilis ,Scolytinae ,Xyleborini ,Science - Abstract
Like other members of the tribe Xyleborini, Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff can cause economic damage in the Neotropics. X. bispinatus has been found to acquire the laurel wilt pathogen Raffaelea lauricola (T. C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva) when breeding in a host affected by the pathogen. Its role as a potential vector of R. lauricola is under investigation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate three artificial media, containing sawdust of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and silkbay (Persea humilis Nash.), for rearing X. bispinatus under laboratory conditions. In addition, the media were inoculated with R. lauricola to evaluate its effect on the biology of X. bispinatus. There was a significant interaction between sawdust species and R. lauricola for all media. Two of the media supported the prolific reproduction of X. bispinatus, but the avocado-based medium was generally more effective than the silkbay-based medium, regardless whether or not it was inoculated with R. lauricola. R. lauricola had a neutral or positive effect on beetle reproduction. The pathogen was frequently recovered from beetle galleries, but only from a few individuals which were reared on inoculated media, and showed limited colonization of the beetle’s mycangia. Two media with lower water content were most effective for rearing X. bispinatus.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems
- Author
-
Randy C. Ploetz, Paul E. Kendra, Robin Alan Choudhury, Jeffrey A. Rollins, Alina Campbell, Karen Garrett, Marc Hughes, and Tyler Dreaden
- Subjects
laurel wilt ,Lauraceae ,redbay ,avocado ,Raffaelea lauricola ,Xyleborus glabratus ,ambrosia beetles ,coevolution ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Laurel wilt kills members of the Lauraceae plant family in the southeastern United States. It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva, a nutritional fungal symbiont of an invasive Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, which was detected in Port Wentworth, Georgia, in 2002. The beetle is the primary vector of R. lauricola in forests along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, but other ambrosia beetle species that obtained the pathogen after the initial introduction may play a role in the avocado (Persea americana Miller) pathosystem. Susceptible taxa are naïve (new-encounter) hosts that originated outside Asia. In the southeastern United States, over 300 million trees of redbay (P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.) have been lost, and other North American endemics, non-Asian ornamentals and avocado—an important crop that originated in MesoAmerica—are also affected. However, there are no reports of laurel wilt on the significant number of lauraceous endemics that occur in the Asian homeland of R. lauricola and X. glabratus; coevolved resistance to the disease in the region has been hypothesized. The rapid spread of laurel wilt in the United States is due to an efficient vector, X. glabratus, and the movement of wood infested with the insect and pathogen. These factors, the absence of fully resistant genotypes, and the paucity of effective control measures severely constrain the disease’s management in forest ecosystems and avocado production areas.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Distribution, Pest Status and Fungal Associates of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus in Florida Avocado Groves
- Author
-
Daniel Carrillo, Luisa F. Cruz, Paul E. Kendra, Teresa I. Narvaez, Wayne S. Montgomery, Armando Monterroso, Charlotte De Grave, and Miriam F. Cooperband
- Subjects
ambrosia beetles ,symbiosis ,Fusarium ,Science - Abstract
Members of a complex of cryptic species, that correspond morphologically to the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), were recently found attacking avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Israel and California. In early 2016, an outbreak of another member of this species complex was detected infesting approximately 1500 avocado trees in an avocado orchard at Homestead, Florida. An area-wide survey was conducted in commercial avocado groves of Miami-Dade County, Florida to determine the distribution and abundance of E. nr. fornicatus, to identify different populations of E. nr. fornicatus and their fungal associates, and to assess the extent of damage to avocado trees. Ewallacea nr. fornicatus were captured in 31 of the 33 sampled sites. A sample of 35 beetles from six different locations was identified as E. nr. fornicatus sp. #2, which is genetically distinct from the species causing damage in California and Israel. Eleven fungal associates were identified: an unknown Fusarium sp., AF-8, AF-6, Graphium euwallaceae, Acremonium sp. Acremonium morum, Acremonium masseei, Elaphocordyceps sp. and three yeast species. The unknown Fusarium isolates were the most abundant and frequently found fungus species associated with adult beetles and lesions surrounding the beetle galleries. In addition to fungal associates, three bacteria species were found associated with adult E. nr. fornicatus. Visual inspections detected significant damage in only two orchards. A large number of beetles were captured in locations with no apparent damage on the avocado trees suggesting that E. nr. fornicatus are associated with other host(s) outside the groves or with dead trees or branches inside the groves. More research is needed to determine the potential threat E. nr. fornicatus and its fungal associates pose to the avocado industry and agricultural and natural ecosystems in Florida.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
- Author
-
Paul E. Kendra, Larissa Guillén, Nurhayat Tabanca, Wayne S. Montgomery, Elena Q. Schnell, Mark A. Deyrup, and Kevin R. Cloonan
- Subjects
Insect Science ,Forestry ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
36. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Contact Insecticides and Horticultural Oils on the Hibiscus Bud Weevil, Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Revynthi, A. Daniel Greene, Xiangbing Yang, Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez, German Vargas, Paul E. Kendra, Catharine Mannion, and Alexandra M.
- Subjects
IPM ,chemical control ,conventional pesticides ,biorational pesticides - Abstract
In 2017, the hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was found outside of its native range of Mexico and Texas, infesting hibiscus plants in Florida. Therefore, we selected 21 different insecticide and horticultural oil products to evaluate their effects on the reproductive rate, feeding, and oviposition behavior of the HBW. In laboratory experiments, significant mortality was observed in adult weevils exposed to diflubenzuron-treated hibiscus leaves and buds, and hibiscus buds treated with diflubenzuron contained the fewest number of eggs and feeding/oviposition holes. Among horticultural oil products, significant mortality was only observed in experiments in which adult weevils were directly sprayed (direct experiments). Pyrethrins and spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor reduced the oviposition rate and caused significant mortality in direct experiments. Diflubenzuron, pyrethrins, spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat were further tested via contact toxicity experiments and greenhouse experiments. Contact toxicity experiments demonstrated that the tested insecticides (except diflubenzuron) were highly toxic to HBW adults. In greenhouse experiments, only those hibiscus plants treated with pyrethrins had significantly fewer feeding/oviposition holes and larvae within their flower buds when compared to control (water-treated) plants. These results constitute an important first step in the identification of effective chemical control options for the HBW.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Volatile Characterization of Lychee Plant Tissues (Litchi chinensis) and the Effect of Key Compounds on the Behavior of the Lychee Erinose Mite (Aceria litchii)
- Author
-
Revynthi, Livia M. S. Ataide, Nurhayat Tabanca, Maria A. Canon, Elena Q. Schnell, Teresa I. Narvaez, Kevin R. Cloonan, Paul E. Kendra, Daniel Carrillo, and Alexandra M.
- Subjects
herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) ,behavioral bioassays ,eriophyoid mites ,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,head-space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) - Abstract
Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) are volatile signals emitted by plants to deter herbivores and attract their natural enemies. To date, it is unknown how lychee plants, Litchichinensis, respond to the induction of leaf galls (erinea) caused by the lychee erinose mite (LEM), Acerialitchii. Aiming to reveal the role of HIPVs in this plant-mite interaction, we investigated changes in the volatile profile of lychee plants infested by LEM and their role on LEM preferences. The volatile profile of uninfested (flower buds, fruit, leaves and new leaf shoots) and infested plant tissue were characterized under different levels of LEM infestation. Volatiles were collected using head-space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Fifty-eight volatiles, including terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, esters, and ketones classes were identified. Using dual-choice bioassays, we investigated the preference of LEM to uninfested plant tissues and to the six most abundant plant volatiles identified. Uninfested new leaf shoots were the most attractive plant tissues to LEM and LEM attraction or repellence to volatiles were mostly influenced by compound concentration. We discuss possible applications of our findings in agricultural settings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Coconut Oil Derived <scp>Five‐Component</scp> Synthetic Oviposition Deterrent for Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Dorsalis
- Author
-
Gwang Hyun Roh, Paul E. Kendra, Junwei J. Zhu, Amy Roda, Gregory M. Loeb, Jia‐Wei Tay, and Dong H. Cha
- Subjects
Insect Science ,General Medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
39. Attraction and Longevity of 2- and 3-Component Food Cone Lures for the Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae)
- Author
-
Aimé Vázquez, Kevin R Cloonan, Barukh B Rohde, Micah A Gill, Lisa K Mosser, Jonathan H Crane, Daniel Carrillo, and Paul E Kendra
- Subjects
Ecology ,Insect Science ,Tephritidae ,Putrescine ,Animals ,Female ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,General Medicine ,Insect Control ,Pheromones - Abstract
The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a quarantine pest of Citrus spp. and a production pest of guava and other specialty fruits in Florida. Effective monitoring lures and traps are needed for early pest detection and timely initiation of control measures. As part of a continued effort to identify attractive synthetic lures for the Caribbean fruit fly, we conducted field tests in Homestead, Florida to compare the efficacy and longevity of commercial 2- and 3-component cone lures (2C [ammonium acetate and putrescine], 3C [ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine]), the current standards used by regulatory agencies, versus the traditional liquid protein bait consisting of hydrolyzed torula yeast and borax as a positive control. Additional lures were also field-aged and periodically brought into the laboratory to quantify residual chemical contents. Traps baited with the torula yeast-borax mixture captured the highest mean number of A. suspensa, and traps baited with the commercial 2C lures captured more flies than the 3C lures. Traps baited with torula yeast-borax also captured the highest number of nontarget Diptera. Captures with all three treatments were significantly biased toward females. Attractiveness of the 2C lure began to drop after 6–8 wk, and the 3C lure after 5–6 wk. Overall, these data suggest that the 2C cone lure is more attractive to A. suspensa than the 3C cone lure under field conditions in south Florida, and that the 2C lures are attractive for up to 8 wk.
- Published
- 2022
40. Chemical composition of essential oils of Pulicaria species growing in Saudi Arabia and activity for Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata
- Author
-
Nurhayat Tabanca, Betül Demirci, Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Paul E. Kendra, and Mohammad Ayman Salkini
- Subjects
biology ,Tea tree oil ,Melaleuca alternifolia ,Plant Science ,Ceratitis capitata ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Pulicaria ,law.invention ,Horticulture ,law ,Tephritidae ,Capitata ,medicine ,Bioassay ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Essential oil ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world. New attractants are needed as a key strategy for detecting and suppressing insect pest densities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of three Pulicaria species collected from the Al-kharj province of Saudi Arabia, targeting sterile medfly males. The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of P. arabica, P. crispa, and P. somalensis were characterized using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. tau-Cadinol was found to be the major compound in the essential oils of P. arabica (38.6 %) and P. crispa (53.5 %), and intermedeol (15.9 %), α-cadinol (9.7 %), α-, β- (5.2 % each), and γ-eudesmol (9.1 %) were the most abundant components in the essential oil of P. somalensis. Carvotanacetone (10.3 %) was detected only in P. arabica. The essential oils from each of the three Pulicaria species were subjected to short-range attraction bioassays against the sterile male medfly C. capitata. The results were compared with the response to a known strong attractant, tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia); P. arabica exhibited mild attractancy, whereas neither P. crispa nor P. somalensis showed attractant activity.
- Published
- 2021
41. Ethyl Formate as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Fumigation of Citrus: Efficacy, Fruit Quality, and Workplace Safety
- Author
-
Byung-Ho Lee, Gwang Hyun Roh, Bongsoo Kim, Min-Goo Park, Paul E. Kendra, Jeong-Oh Yang, and Dong H. Cha
- Subjects
Citrus ,Aspidiotus ,Ecology ,biology ,Formic Acid Esters ,Fumigation ,General Medicine ,Orange (colour) ,biology.organism_classification ,Ethyl formate ,Hydrocarbons, Brominated ,Hemiptera ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Insect Science ,Planococcus citri ,Animals ,Phytotoxicity ,Workplace ,Sugar ,Phytosanitary certification - Abstract
Ethyl formate (EF) was evaluated as a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for phytosanitary treatment of imported citrus fruit in the Republic of Korea. Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a mealybug with known tolerance against EF and MB, was used as a representative pest to test efficacy of the two fumigants against eggs. In nine commercial-scale refrigerated container (67.5 m3) trials using imported orange, lemon and grapefruit, EF applied at the currently approved dose for citrus (70 g·m-3 at 5°C for 4 h, developed for Aspidiotus excisus Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a species less EF tolerant than P. citri) resulted in 76.9–98.3% mortality of P. citri eggs. The EF treatment did not affect the sugar content or the color of peel and pulp of the treated fruit. When oranges were treated according to the current MB (64 g·m-3 at >5°C for 2 h) or EF treatment guidelines, the concentration of fumigant around the fruit fluctuated between 9.4 and 185.1 ppm for EF and 9.5–203.0 ppm for MB during the 72-h post-fumigation processes (venting [0–2 h], transportation to storage [2–24 h], and storage periods [24–72 h]) with both EF and MB maintained between 10 and 100 ppm during the storage period. Considering the efficacy of EF, its apparent lack of phytotoxicity, and its more manageable threshold limit value for humans (100 ppm EF compared to 1 ppm MB for an 8-h time weighted average exposure), our results suggest that EF may be a promising alternative to MB for the phytosanitary treatment of imported citrus in Korea.
- Published
- 2021
42. Phoretic and internal transport of Raffaelea lauricola by different species of ambrosia beetle associated with avocado trees
- Author
-
Octavio Menocal, Daniel Carrillo, Luisa F. Cruz, and Paul E. Kendra
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Entomopathogenic fungi ,Raffaelea lauricola ,biology ,Zoology ,Fungus ,Xyleborus volvulus ,Ambrosia beetle ,biology.organism_classification ,Xylosandrus crassiusculus ,01 natural sciences ,Laurel wilt ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Ambrosia ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Fungus farming ambrosia beetles carry their nutritional mutualistic fungi in specialized structures called mycetangia. Fungal propagules are also dispersed phoretically on the beetle’s exoskeleton. We determined the phoretic presence and abundance of Raffaelea lauricola, the causal agent of the laurel wilt disease in avocado, on five ambrosia beetle species: Xyleborus bispinatus, Xyleborus volvulus, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborinus saxesenii and Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Beetles were captured while in flight, excavated from logs, and from logs placed in emergence chambers. Beetles collected by the three methods were assayed for the presence of internal (gut and mycetangium) and external (attached to the exoskeleton) colony forming units (CFUs) of R. lauricola. The pathogen was recovered from the exoskeleton of all beetle species. The collection method significantly influenced the frequency of pathogen recovery, and the abundance of both internal and phoretic R. lauricola was species-specific. Internal CFUs recovery was greater than phoretic recovery. Besides R. lauricola, other cycloheximide tolerant fungi, including mutualistic and entomopathogenic fungi, were isolated from the beetle’s exoskeleton. However, phoretic CFUs of R. lauricola were more prevalent and abundant than any other mutualistic phoretic fungi across the beetle species. Our results suggest that phoresy is a common mechanism of transportation of wood-inhabiting fungi and that phoretic transmission of R. lauricola may potentially contribute to the infection in avocado.
- Published
- 2021
43. Ethyl formate fumigation and ethyl formate plus cold treatment combination as potential phytosanitary quarantine treatments of Drosophila suzukii in blueberries
- Author
-
Byung-Ho Lee, Gwang Hyun Roh, Paul E. Kendra, Chung Gyoo Park, Dong H. Cha, Tae Hyung Kwon, and Dominique R. Zarders
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Fumigation ,Berry ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Ethyl formate ,law.invention ,010602 entomology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,law ,Insect Science ,Quarantine ,Postharvest ,PEST analysis ,Drosophila suzukii ,Phytosanitary certification - Abstract
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a serious invasive pest of berries and cherries in the U.S. and Europe and has become a major phytosanitary trade barrier. In this pilot study, we explored the potential of using stand-alone ethyl formate (EF) treatment and a combinatory treatment of EF and cold temperature as postharvest control options for D. suzukii in imported blueberries. Stand-alone EF fumigations were effective against D. suzukii with LCt99% of 207.7 and 168.5 g·h·m−3 for eggs, the most tolerant life stage, at 5 and 21 °C, respectively. In a scale-up (10 m3) trial conducted at 5 °C, complete control of D. suzukii eggs placed inside and outside of blueberry boxes was achieved using 70 g·m−3 EF for 4 h with 5% blueberry loading ratio without deleterious impact on blueberry appearance such as soft spot or berry shrivel. In small scale pilot studies, 9-d stand-alone cold treatment at 5 °C was sufficient for complete control of D. suzukii eggs and larvae tested, but not pupae. The efficacy of this cold treatment appeared to be improved when D. suzukii eggs were first treated with low-dose EF (LCt50% level) prior to the cold treatment. The combination treatment resulted in complete mortality of D. suzukii eggs, larvae, and pupae tested after 7, 5, and 9 d of cold treatment, respectively. Together, these results suggest that stand-alone EF treatment, or the combination treatment of low-dose EF and cold as a systems approach may have a potential as postharvest treatments for D. suzukii in blueberries.
- Published
- 2021
44. Evaluation of Abamectin as a Potential Chemical Control for the Lychee Erinose Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae), a New Invasive Pest in Florida
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Luisa F. Cruz, Maria A. Canon, Jonathan H. Crane, Paul E. Kendra, Catharine Mannion, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
Insect Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
45. The Lychee Erinose Mite Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae)
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Revynthi, Jonathan H. Crane, Jeff Wasielewski, Paul E. Kendra, and Daniel Carrillo
- Abstract
The lychee erinose mite is an important pest of lychee and is found in lychee-producing countries in Asia and South America and in Australia, Hawaii, and Brazil, where it has has caused an estimated 70–80% yield reduction and a 20% increase in production costs. Found in Lee County, Florida, in 2018, it has since spread to several counties in central and south Florida. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , Division of Plant Industry established an eradication program and a quarantine in Lee county. Management in other countries includes chemical control in combination with pruning. The purpose of this publication is to provide an in-depth profile of the lychee erinose mite. It is intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.
- Published
- 2022
46. Host preferences of the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella , the main threat to cocoa production in Southeast Asia
- Author
-
Arni Ekayanti, Jerome Niogret, Paul E. Kendra, Keith Ingram, Nancy D. Epsky, Smilja Lambert, and Jean-Philippe Marelli
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Rambutan ,biology ,Host (biology) ,Theobroma ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Sapindaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Insect Science ,Infestation ,medicine ,Nephelium ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Malvaceae ,Conopomorpha cramerella - Abstract
Insects ensure the survival of their offspring by depositing their eggs in suitable environments. Even generalist egg‐laying insects often show preferences for specific host plants. The cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), successfully infests and reproduces on relatively few host plants, but has a major economic impact only on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Choice tests were performed in the laboratory to compare the frequency of insect visits, the duration of the visits, and the number of eggs laid on the fruits for each combination of host plants tested – that is, cocoa clones or fruits of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), Fijian longan (Pometia pinnata JR Forst & G Forst, both Sapindaceae), and langsat (Lansium domesticum Correa, Malvaceae). Our laboratory study showed that, when given the choice, CPB significantly favored cocoa pods over other host fruits (rambutan, langsat, or Fijian longan). Females also deposited more eggs on unripe fruits than on ripe fruits of similar size. The preference to lay eggs on specific cocoa clones in the bioassays did not reflect the level of the clone resistance to CPB damage reported from the field. Consequently, oviposition preference of female CPB does not seem to be the main factor explaining field resistance of some cocoa clones to CPB infestation.
- Published
- 2020
47. Phoretic mites associated with ambrosia beetles in Florida avocados
- Author
-
MARIELLE M. BERTO, PAUL E. KENDRA, and DANIEL CARRILLO
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Ambrosia beetles spend most of their life inside galleries built on host trees. They use the xylem as a substrate for farming symbiotic fungi, carried in specialized sac-like structures called mycangia. Most of their symbionts offer no threat to plants. However, some of these symbionts are phytopathogens that infect avocado (Persea americana) and other plants in the family Lauraceae. Raffaelea lauricola is a fungal pathogen vectored by several species of ambrosia beetles in the United States. It is the causal agent of laurel wilt, a deadly disease affecting avocado and forest ecosystems in Florida. The cryptic living habits of the ambrosia beetles make their management challenging. Conventional insecticide and fungicide applications have not been successful so far. This system requires novel IPM strategies.
- Published
- 2022
48. The lychee erinose mite (Aceria litchii): pest status and management in Florida
- Author
-
ALEXANDRA M. REVYNTHI, LIVIA M. S. ATAIDE, MARIA-ALEJANDRA CANON, JAQUELINE F. DELLA VECHIA, DANIEL J. ANDRADE, PAUL E. KENDRA, NURHAYAT TABANCA, JOHN HAMMOND, RONALD OCHOA, and DANIEL CARRILLO
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
The lychee erinose mite (LEM) (Aceria litchii) is an important pest of lychee. This minute mite prefers to feed on young new flush, causing the formation of hypertrophic trichomes, known as erinea. In Brazil, LEM has been reported to cause 80% yield reduction.
- Published
- 2022
49. The lychee erinose mite (Aceria litchii), in the Context of the Mite-Plant Interaction
- Author
-
LIVIA M. S. ATAIDE, JAQUELINE F. DELLA VECHIA, PAUL E. KENDRA, RONALD OCHOA, JOHN HAMMOND, DANIEL CARRILLO, and ALEXANDRA M. REVYNTHI
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
The lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii, is a serious pest of lychee. This tiny mite induces the formation of erinea, which are open galls with hypertrophic trichomes. Erinea can form on leaves, flowers, fruit, and other plant structures, hampering plant growth and yield. Four distinct types of erinea can be observed: light white (stage 01), white (stage 02), amber (stage 03), and dark erinea (stage 04). To date, it is unknown how and why A. litchii induces the formation of erinea on lychee plants.
- Published
- 2022
50. Hibiscus bud weevil (Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Author
-
Juleysy Rodriguez, Catharine Mannion, Alexandra M. Revynthi, Paul E. Kendra, Yisell Velazquez Hernandez, and Daniel Carrillo
- Subjects
Horticulture ,biology ,Anthonomus ,Weevil ,Curculionidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Hibiscus - Abstract
A profile of the hibiscus bud weevil intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. The hibiscus bud weevil, a pest of China rose hibiscus, originates from northeastern Mexico and southern Texas and can cause large economic losses to hibiscus growers. This fact sheet provides nursery owners, homeowners, and other interested people with information on this serious pest.
- Published
- 2021
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.