12 results on '"Paul D. Shumaker"'
Search Results
2. Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
- Author
-
Ariel A. Szogi, Paul D. Shumaker, Eric D. Billman, and Philip J. Bauer
- Subjects
phosphite ,phosphate ,fertilization ,soil phosphite retention ,phosphorus use efficiency ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are highly soluble in water. At the same time, sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain are vulnerable to leaching losses resulting from long-term Pi fertilizer application. We performed a replicated leaching trial using five soil materials that included three surface and two subsurface layers from cultivated topsoil (Ap horizon) with contrasting Phi and Pi sorption capacities. Each soil received three treatments K-Phi at rates 0 (control), 24, and 49 kg P ha−1 and leached twice with de-ionized water. All K-Phi-treated soils leached Phi except for the controls. A phosphorus saturation ratio (PSR) calculated from P, Al, and Fe in acid extracts indicated increasing environmental risk of Phi leaching in soils with lower Phi and Pi sorption capacities at rising rates of applied K-Phi. Because plants rapidly absorb Phi, further studies on the environmental impact of K-Phi fertilizer use should include the interaction of plants with soil properties and soil microbial activity at optimal Phi application rates for growing transgenic plants able to use Phi as a nutrient source.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Chemical Extraction of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Utilization of Recovered Manure Solids
- Author
-
Ariel A. Szogi, Virginia H. Takata, and Paul D. Shumaker
- Subjects
dairy waste ,manure ,nitrogen ,phosphorus ,N:P ratio ,manure acidification ,Agriculture - Abstract
Repeated land application of dairy manure can increase soil phosphorus above crop requirements because of manure’s low nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio (N:P < 4:1). This soil P build-up can lead to off-site P transport and impairment of surface water quality. We evaluated a treatment process to extract P from manures, called Quick Wash, integrated with a double-stage solids separation system to recover coarse and fine manure solids. The Quick Wash process uses a combination of acid, base, and organic polymers to extract and recover P from manures, improving the N:P ratio of recovered manure solids (RMS). Results showed that coarse RMS could have use as bedding materials for dairy cows, and the fine acidified RMS with N:P > 10:1 can be used as a low-P organic soil amendment. A soil incubation test showed that acidified RMS stimulated N mineralization and nitrification having higher nitrate levels than untreated dairy slurry when incorporated into soil. Our results suggest that the inclusion of Quick Wash in a dairy manure management system can improve manure’s value, lowering costs of bedding material and manure hauling, and recover P for use as fertilizer while reducing the environmental impact of land spreading manure P.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Nitrogen Mineralization in a Sandy Soil Amended with Treated Low-Phosphorus Broiler Litter
- Author
-
Ariel A. Szogi, Paul D. Shumaker, Kyoung S. Ro, and Gilbert C. Sigua
- Subjects
organic nitrogen ,mineralization ,ammonia gas ,nitrous oxide ,nitrification ,denitrification ,manure ,quick wash ,poultry litter ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Low-phosphorus (P) litter, a manure treatment byproduct, can be used as an organic soil amendment and nitrogen (N) source but its effect on N mineralization is unknown. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to compare the effect of adding untreated (fine or pelletized) broiler litter (FUL or PUL) versus extracted, low-P treated (fine or pelletized) broiler litter (FLP or PLP) on N dynamics in a sandy soil. All four litter materials were surface applied at 157 kg N ha−1. The soil accumulation of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) were used to estimate available mineralized N. The evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and nitrous oxide (N2O) was used to evaluate gaseous losses during soil incubation. Untreated litter materials provided high levels of mineralized N, 71% of the total N applied for FUL and 64% for PUL, while NH3 losses were 24% to 35% and N2O losses were 3.3% to 7.4% of the total applied N, respectively. Soil application of low-P treated litter provided lower levels of mineralized N, 42% for FLP and 29% for PLP of the total applied N with NH3 losses of 5.7% for FLP for and 4.1% for PLP, and very low N2O losses (0.5%). Differences in mineralized N between untreated and treated broiler litter materials were attributed to contrasting C:N ratios and acidity of the low-P litter byproducts. Soil application of treated low-P litter appears as an option for slow mineral N release and abatement of NH3 and N2O soil losses.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fertilizer Efficacy of Poultry Litter Ash Blended with Lime or Gypsum as Fillers
- Author
-
Philip J. Bauer, Ariel A. Szogi, and Paul D. Shumaker
- Subjects
poultry litter ash ,fertilizer filler ,phosphorus ,potassium ,flue gas desulfurization gypsum ,calcitic lime ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Ash from power plants that incinerate poultry litter has fertilizer value, but research is lacking on optimal land application methodologies. Experiments were conducted to evaluate calcitic lime and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as potential fillers for poultry litter ash land applications. The ash had phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of 68 and 59 g kg−1, respectively. Soil extractable P and K were measured in an incubation pot study, comparing calcitic lime to FGDG at filler/ash ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. After one month, soils were sampled and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seeds were planted to investigate how plant growth and uptake of P and K were influenced by the fillers. Application of ash alone or with fillers increased soil extractable P and K levels above unamended controls by 100% and 70%, respectively. Filler materials did not affect biomass or P and K concentration of the ryegrass. A field study with a commercial spinner disc fertilizer applicator was conducted to compare application uniformity of ash alone and filler/ash blends. Overall, test data suggested that uniform distribution of ash alone or with fillers is feasible in field applications using a commercial fertilizer spreader.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluation of phosphorus runoff from sandy soils under conservation tillage with surface broadcasted recovered phosphates
- Author
-
Clement D D, Sohoulande, Ariel A, Szogi, Kenneth C, Stone, Gilbert C, Sigua, Jerry H, Martin, Paul D, Shumaker, and Phil J, Bauer
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,General Medicine ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Potential new sources of phosphorus (P) fertilizer are the recovered P from livestock wastewater through chemical precipitation and the ash from combusting animal manures. Although most of the research on P losses from conservation tillage include high water-soluble P compounds from commercial fertilizer sources, information on the use of non-conventional, low water-soluble, recycled P sources is scarce. Particularly for sandy soils of the United States (US) Southeastern Coastal Plain region, research driven information on P loss into the environment is needed to determine recommendations for a direct use of new recycled P sources as crop P fertilizers. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential P runoff from sandy soils under conservation tillage, fertilized with recovered P from liquid swine manure and turkey litter ash in comparison with commercial P fertilizer triple superphosphate (TSP). The field study included two typical sandy soils of the US Southeastern Coastal Plain region, the Noboco and Norfolk. Simulated rain corresponding to the annual 30-min rainfall in the study site (Florence County, South Carolina) was applied to plots treated with recovered P from liquid swine manure, turkey litter ash, and TSP, including a control with no P added. The runoff was monitored and sampled every 5 min during the test and composite soil samples were collected from the top (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) soil layers in each plot. Laboratory analyses were conducted to quantify both total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) in runoff samples, and the soil test P in the soil layers. Two-way analyses of variances show significant treatment effects on both TP and SRP runoff. The quantities of SRP runoff from plots treated with the recovered P from swine manure and turkey litter ash represent respectively 1% and 7-8% of SRP runoff from plots treated with TSP. Hence, the use of the recovered P materials as crop P fertilizers through surface broadcast application present less environmental risks compared to commercial TSP.
- Published
- 2023
7. Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
- Author
-
Eric D. Billman, Ariel A. Szogi, Paul D. Shumaker, and Philip J. Bauer
- Subjects
Coastal plain ,phosphorus use efficiency ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Nutrient ,phosphite ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,TD1-1066 ,General Environmental Science ,phosphate ,geography ,Topsoil ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,soil phosphite retention ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Phosphorus ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,fertilization ,Soil water ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,Weed - Abstract
Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are highly soluble in water. At the same time, sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain are vulnerable to leaching losses resulting from long-term Pi fertilizer application. We performed a replicated leaching trial using five soil materials that included three surface and two subsurface layers from cultivated topsoil (Ap horizon) with contrasting Phi and Pi sorption capacities. Each soil received three treatments K-Phi at rates 0 (control), 24, and 49 kg P ha−1 and leached twice with de-ionized water. All K-Phi-treated soils leached Phi except for the controls. A phosphorus saturation ratio (PSR) calculated from P, Al, and Fe in acid extracts indicated increasing environmental risk of Phi leaching in soils with lower Phi and Pi sorption capacities at rising rates of applied K-Phi. Because plants rapidly absorb Phi, further studies on the environmental impact of K-Phi fertilizer use should include the interaction of plants with soil properties and soil microbial activity at optimal Phi application rates for growing transgenic plants able to use Phi as a nutrient source.
- Published
- 2021
8. Phosphorus runoff from sandy soils under conservation tillage with surface broadcasted recovered phosphates
- Author
-
Paul D. Shumaker, Clement D.D. Sohoulande, Ken C. Stone, Jerry H Martin, Ariel A. Szogi, Phil J. Bauer, and Gilbert C. Sigua
- Subjects
Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Manure ,Tillage ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Soil water ,engineering ,Litter ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,Surface runoff - Abstract
Potential new sources of phosphorus (P) fertilizers are the recovered P from livestock wastewater through chemical precipitation and the ash from combusting animal manures. These P-rich materials have low water solubility. Most of the research on P losses from conservation tillage include commercial fertilizer sources that have a high-water soluble P content but information on the use of non-conventional, low water soluble, recycled P sources is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential P runoff from conservation tillage fertilized with phosphates recovered from turkey litter ash and liquid swine manure in comparison with commercial P fertilizer triple superphosphate (TSP). Simulated rain corresponding to the annual 30-minute rainfall in the study site (Florence, South Carolina) was applied to plots treated with three P fertilizer sources and one control. The P fertilizer sources included turkey litter ash (a bio-energy byproduct), granulated recovered P from liquid swine manure, and TSP. The runoff was monitored and sampled every 5 minutes during the test. Laboratory analyses were conducted to quantify the P wash-off in runoff samples. Results show that the quantity of P wash-off from the plots treated with turkey litter ash and the recovered P from swine manure were respectively 10 and 15 times lower than the triple super phosphate plots. These results sustain the use of the turkey litter ash and recovered P from swine manure as crop P fertilizer through surface broadcast application.
- Published
- 2021
9. Fertilizer Efficacy of Poultry Litter Ash Blended with Lime or Gypsum as Fillers
- Author
-
Ariel A. Szogi, Paul D. Shumaker, and Philip J. Bauer
- Subjects
Gypsum ,chemistry.chemical_element ,poultry litter ash ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,flue gas desulfurization gypsum ,fertilizer filler ,Filler (materials) ,phosphorus ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Poultry litter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Lime ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Phosphorus ,potassium ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Lolium multiflorum ,biology.organism_classification ,Flue-gas desulfurization ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,calcitic lime - Abstract
Ash from power plants that incinerate poultry litter has fertilizer value, but research is lacking on optimal land application methodologies. Experiments were conducted to evaluate calcitic lime and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as potential fillers for poultry litter ash land applications. The ash had phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of 68 and 59 g kg&minus, 1, respectively. Soil extractable P and K were measured in an incubation pot study, comparing calcitic lime to FGDG at filler/ash ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. After one month, soils were sampled and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seeds were planted to investigate how plant growth and uptake of P and K were influenced by the fillers. Application of ash alone or with fillers increased soil extractable P and K levels above unamended controls by 100% and 70%, respectively. Filler materials did not affect biomass or P and K concentration of the ryegrass. A field study with a commercial spinner disc fertilizer applicator was conducted to compare application uniformity of ash alone and filler/ash blends. Overall, test data suggested that uniform distribution of ash alone or with fillers is feasible in field applications using a commercial fertilizer spreader.
- Published
- 2019
10. Economic Recovery of Calcium Phosphates From Swine Lagoon Sludge Using Quick Wash Process and Geotextile Filtration
- Author
-
Matias B. Vanotti, Paul D. Shumaker, and Ariel A. Szogi
- Subjects
010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Horticulture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Anaerobic lagoon ,Effluent ,Filtration ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Dewatering ,Manure ,Waste treatment ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
To maintain the waste treatment capacity of anaerobic swine lagoons, excessive accumulation of sludge in the bottom of the lagoon is traditionally removed by dredging and pumping followed by dewatering prior to land application. A widespread and low-cost method of dewatering this lagoon sludge in U.S. farms is the use of geotextile bag filtration. Because of typically high phosphorus (P) contents in lagoon sludge, the dewatered sludge is eventually hauled to distant fields to reduce the environmental risk of excess P in land nearby the lagoon. The inclusion of a P recovery approach, called Quick Wash (QW), along with the geotextile bag technology could eliminate or reduce hauling costs of dewatered sludge and produce a valuable P product for use as fertilizer. The QW process uses a novel combination of acid, base, and organic polyelectrolytes to selectively extract and recover P from manure solids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential advantage and technical feasibility of combining the QW process and geotextile dewatering in a system to extract and recover P from lagoon sludge. Laboratory tests results showed that the amount of recoverable P from lagoon sludge depends on the pH level obtained by acidification. The highest release of P in solution, 83% of total initial P, was obtained when the lagoon sludge was acidified to pH 3. The amount of P recovered as a precipitate with lime addition at pH 10 was about 79% of the initial total P in the sludge. A mass flow balance confirmed that about 20% of the total P remained in the dewatered sludge solids. The effluent contained extremely low soluble P concentrations. The calcium phosphate product was identified as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with very low heavy metal content. The recovered ACP had P grades (33.2 to 35.5 % P2O5), higher than rock phosphate, with the advantage that there is no need for additional chemical processing for its use as fertilizer. Results of this study support the technical feasibility of using the QW process in combination with geotextile bag filtration for the economic recovery of P from anaerobic swine lagoons.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Preferential Sorption and Desorption of Organic and Inorganic Phospates by Soil Hydroxyinterlayered Minerals
- Author
-
Anastasios D. Karathanasis and Paul D. Shumaker
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Goethite ,Chemistry ,Inorganic chemistry ,Soil Science ,Sorption ,Vermiculite ,visual_art ,Desorption ,Soil water ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Clay minerals ,Gibbsite ,Inorganic compound - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of soil clays rich in hydroxyinterlayered vermiculite (HIV) and smectite (HIS) minerals to adsorb and release P after interaction with a mixture of inorganic and organic P forms as compared with geologic reference gibbsite and goethite mi
- Published
- 2009
12. Biochars impact on water infiltration and water quality through a compacted subsoil layer
- Author
-
Ariel A. Szogi, Don W. Watts, Jeffrey M. Novak, Kurt A. Spokas, Gilbert C. Sigua, Paul D. Shumaker, Mark Johnson, and Keri B. Cantrell
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Poultry ,Soil ,Animal science ,Water Quality ,Biochar ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Subsoil ,Poultry litter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Water ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Ultisol ,Pollution ,Agronomy ,Charcoal ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Soil horizon ,Water quality - Abstract
Soils in the SE USA Coastal Plain region frequently have a compacted subsoil layer (E horizon), which is a barrier for water infiltration. Four different biochars were evaluated to increase water infiltration through a compacted horizon from a Norfolk soil (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudult). In addition, we also evaluated biochars effect on water quality. Biochars were produced by pyrolysis at 500 °C from pine chips (Pinus taeda), poultry litter (Gallus domesticus) feedstocks, and as blends (50:50 and 80:20) of pine chip:poultry litter. Prior to pyrolysis, the feedstocks were pelletized and sieved to >2-mm pellets. Each biochar was mixed with the subsoil at 20 g/kg (w/w) and the mixture was placed in columns. The columns were leached four times with Milli-Q water over 128 d of incubation. Except for the biochar produced from poultry litter, all other applied biochars resulted in significant water infiltration increases (0.157-0.219 mL min(-1); p
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.