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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be an idle innovation utilized for DNA and RNA sequencing and variant or mutation study. NGS can arrangement huge qualities or entire genome in a brief period of time. The arrangement variants or mutations recognized by NGS have been broadly utilized for infection. DNA sequencing is one of the foremost critical stages for consideration of organic frameworks nowadays. Arrangement assurance is most commonly performed utilizing deoxy chain end innovation. As of late, pyrosequencing has developed as an unused sequencing methodology. This strategy could be a broadly appropriate, elective innovation for the point by point characterization of nucleic acids. Pyrosequencing has the potential focal points of exactness, adaptability, parallel preparing, and can be effortlessly mechanized. Besides, the strategy apportions with the requirement for abled groundworks, labeled nucleotides, and gelelectrophoresis. This article considers key highlights with respect to distinctive viewpoints of pyrosequencing innovation, counting the common standards, chemical properties, sequencing modes, instrumented, and potential applications. By using these techniques, the DNA sequencing subsequently the precision medicinal field can be explore for the therapeutics approaches for different diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 950000 million people are being affected in Gastric Cancer (GC) in each year. And so many patients are dying for its lethality. That means prognosis and treatment strategies are not well enough for its treatment. So, in the present scenario research work on this disease is truly significant and necessary. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase or NOX) is a family of enzyme consists of seven NOX isoforms members, such as-NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5 and dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 and 2, that possess similarities in terms of enzyme function and structure. All these seven isoforms are transmembrane proteins (having six transmembrane domains) with a NADPH binding site, a FAD-binding site and four heme-binding histidines. Among these enzymes (NOX family), NOX4 is highly expressed in Gastric Cancer (GC) cells. As well as it was observed that high expression of NOX4 is correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in all GC patients. Interestingly, high mRNA expression of NOX4 indicates a worse OS in stage III/IV GC patients, but not in stage I/II GC patients. That is suggesting, NOX4 may contribute to the GC progression and play a crucial role in its (GC) late-stage. And it is observed that NOX4 is related with the cell invasion by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Functionally this enzyme family is leading with production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by utilizing NADPH. Few common examples of ROS are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 -) and hydroxyl radicles (OH) etc. These NOX producing ROS are connected to carcinogenesis as it is involved with so many cellular processes like cell proliferation, DNA damage and angiogenesis etc. On the other hand, recent studies show that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is significantly related with the cell invasion and JAK2/STAT3 activation. That means both compounds (NOX4 and IL-6) are related with JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. And this JAK2/STAT3 signaling actually activates those genes which are associated with cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. So, it is suggested that, targeting both Nox4 and IL-6 may be a fruitful strategy in GC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lung cancer remains the second most common cancer in men and women. Traditionally, chemotherapy has been the main Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The pivotal management for lung cancer progression is for better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis has led to rapid development in the field of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This has led to significant improvement in survival of patients with lung cancer in initial and later stage carcinogenesis. Lung cancer has been traditionally classified by histology and immune chemistry technology. In tumors, the important role of different medicinal therapy. However, medicinal therapy with individuality gets better response than the tradition approaches. This individual medicine system termed as precision medicine, depends on the nature and prognosis of carcinogenesis in individual system of lung cancer progression. This review focuses on the application of precision medicine in lung cancer treatment and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]