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The focus of traditional models of consumer behaviour has been on positive aspects of choice at the micro level (product or brand level) of decision-making. This paper argues for the development of broader models of consumer behaviour at the macro level of cumulative consumption to contribute to marketers' understanding of consumer behaviour in the next 25 years. A model is proposed which embraces both positive and negative aspects of consumer decision-making, linked to the creation, maintenance and enhancement of identity. The findings from a study of UK mail-order shoppers indicate that patterns can be found in consumers' stream of consumption choices and anti-choices. It is argued that broader models would provide an additional framework for understanding and investigating patterns of consumer behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisers and pro-feminists alike have enquired intermittently into the degree of female stereotyping in advertising -- advertisers wishing to improve effective advertisement transmission and feminists wishing to reduce bias in society. This article investigates the trend in female role portrayals in the 1970s and 1980s using British women's magazines, by replicating and updating in 1988 an earlier study by Lysonski[1] who supplied evidence for 1976 and 1982/83. Lysonski found a high frequency of role stereotyping, with some changes, but not dramatic ones, in advertisers' role portrayals. This new study suggests that by 1988 advertisers have become increasingly sensitive to the issue, with less stereotyping of women as physical objects and a trend towards portrayals using either "family" or "independent" cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain control is a major issue concerning children admitted for burns. Pain and anxiety associated with twice daily wound cleansing and dressing changes are difficult to control, especially if there is no intravenous access. We explored the effectiveness of intranasal midazolam (INM) combined with intravenous and/or oral pain medications prior to painful treatments. Charts of all patients admitted from October 1995 to November 1996 under the age of 9 were reviewed for use of INM. Twelve patients had INM used at some point during their hospitalization. Our study covers this group, with each child acting as his/her own control. Pain and response to medication during wound cleansing was assessed by the nursing staff as documented in the patient's nursing assessment. Nursing documentation indicated that patient response was positive regarding the use of INM with intravenous and/or oral pain medication.

Much progress has been made toward the development of artificial skin replacement products. Continued research promises to bring more products to the marketplace, and each new product seems to develop a niche in the field of skin replacement. However, although each skin replacement product has unique properties and advantages, nothing works as well as a patient's own skin. Clinicians can only hope for an off-the-shelf skin replacement product that can be applied to a wound and yield a permanent, dependable dermis and epidermal skin replacement for all patients.

"Fishing for Burn Prevention" is an interactive educational burn and fire safety program designed to stimulate family involvement at health fairs, and it provides an alternative to handing out safety information. The program attracts preschoolers through preteens and is staffed by burn center personnel. The design consists of a small pool, a wooden fishing rod, several cutout fish, and hook-and-loop fasteners. Words that will stimulate interaction between the presenter and the participant are written on the fish; these can include "smoke detector," "cool the burn," "fire escape plan," "matches," "grease fire," and "120 degrees F." Providing an interactive, hands-on activity at health fairs can increase burn and fire safety awareness for the entire family.

We have presented a case of fulminating TEN with a fatal outcome. We believe there is strong probability that the TEN was caused by a propionic acid NSAID oxaprozin. This is the first reported case of TEN related to this particular agent. Toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with all types of NSAIDs. It appears from this case that switching from one class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories to another is not always without risk. Despite the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used, the possibility of systemic reaction cannot be excluded.