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Present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of the ethanolic bark extract of Amoora cucullata (EBAC) in mice followed by molecular docking analysis and also to quantify the major bioactive polyphenolic constituents by HPLC analysis. Anti-allergic activity was evaluated using Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized allergy model mice by determining nasal allergy-like symptoms as well as counting the total and differential leukocytes profile of blood and Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid. In silico molecular docking study was performed using Schrödinger Maestro 10.1 on eight isolated compounds against Histamine Methyltransferase receptor in order to justify the anti-allergic activity of the extract. Acute toxicity test was performed to determine the safety of the extract. HPLC analysis exhibited the presence of 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, catechol, (-) epicatechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, rutin hydrate and trans-cinnamic acid. In anti-allergic activity test, oral administration of the EBAC improved nasal-allergic symptoms of TDI-induced allergic rhinitis in experimental mice. There was also a conspicuous decrease in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils in both blood and Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid of the mice treated with EBAC as compared to TDI-sensitized mice. Among the identified compounds from this plant, the docking score of Chrysin, Apigenin, Kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and Stigmasterol against Histamine Methyltransferase receptor were comparable with that of standard drug Cetirizine (-9.519 kcal/mol). The EBAC did not exhibit any mortality in mice even at 3 gm/kg dose. The results of this study confirm the antiallergic activity of the plant in both in vivo and in silico investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research describes an investigation of the antipyretic and hepatoprotective properties of both a crude organic extract and various subfractions of the ethnomedicinal plant Tinospora crispa, using appropriate animal models. In an attempt to identify potential lead hepatoprotective compounds, in silico experiments were utilized. Antipyretic activity was assessed via the Brewer's yeast‐induced pyrexia method, while hepatoprotective effects were evaluated in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced animal model. A computer‐aided prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) model was applied to a selection of documented phytoconstituents, with the aim of identifying those compounds with most promising hepatoprotective effects. Results were analyzed using Molinspiration software. Our results showed that both the methanol extract (METC) and various subfractions (pet ether, PEFTC; n‐hexane, NHFTC; and chloroform, CFTC) significantly (p <.05) reduced pyrexia in a dose‐dependent manner. In CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity studies, METC ameliorated elevated hepatic markers including serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly increased. Among a selection of metabolites of T. crispa, genkwanin was found to be the most potent hepatoprotective constituent using PASS predictive models. These results demonstrate that both the methanolic extract of T. crispa and those fractions containing genkwanin may offer promise in reducing pyrexia and as a source of potential hepatoprotective agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study evaluates the analgesic effect of different extracts of Hopea odorata leaves in mice followed by molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) analysis of isolated compounds derived from the plant with the COX-1 enzyme. Methods: In the present study, the dried leaves of H. odorata were subjected to extraction using methanol, ethanol, and water. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test, and in silico molecular docking and ADME/T study were performed using Schrödinger Maestro (version 11.1) and online-based tools, respectively, on eight isolated compounds. Results: The results showed that the methanolic extract of leaves has highest significant dose-dependent analgesic activity at both 200 and 400 mg/kg followed by ethanolic extract of leaves. Among all the compounds, ampelopsin showed the best docking score of −7.055, ensuring strong binding affinity between the ligand and the receptor, and ADME/T analysis using Web-based tools ensures the compound has not violated Lipinski's rule of five indicating its safety consumption. Conclusions: The result confirms the analgesic activity of H. odorata leaves in both in vivo and in silico assays. The data support ampelopsin to be a potent analgesic compound worthy of future clinical trials and its "drug-likeliness" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Piper Betle, Pterospermum acerifolium, Saraca indica, Argyreia speciosa, and Rhaphidophora glauca are medicinal plants commonly used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. To examine, whether organic extracts of these plants possess thrombolytic properties with minimal or no toxicity is our main aim of the study. Materials and Methods: In vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effects using streptokinase (SK) as a positive control and water as a negative control. Cytotoxicity was screened by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using vincristine sulfate (VS) as positive control. Results: Among herbal drugs, different organic extracts of P. betle, P. acerifolium, S. indica, A. speciosa, and R. glauca showed significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001) clot lysis activity viz., 31.58% ±0.76%, 40.50% ±0.94%, 49.70% ±1.69%, 35.81% ±0.86%, and 43.80% ±0.91%, respectively, compared to reference drug SK (79.32% ±1.629%). In brine shrimp cytotoxic assay, mortality achieved by the extracts showed lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values 274.64 ± 3.46, 215.60 ± 4.59, 478.40 ± 6.98, 233.37 ± 2.56, and 209.32 ± 1.98 μg/ml, respectively, with reference to VS (LC50, 0.05 ± 0.34). Conclusion: In this study, S. indica, R. glauca, and P. acerifolium possessed effective thrombolytic activity. Further studies can be undertaken to identify certain structure of the ingredients in the extracts and to elucidate the precise mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a highly contagious viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a catastrophic effect on the world's demographics, resulting in more than 3.8 million deaths worldwide and establishing itself as the most serious global health crisis since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Several questions remain unanswered regarding the effects of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. Although most infections are mild in high-risk populations, the severe disease frequently leads to intubation, intensive care unit admission, and, in some cases, death. Hormonal and physiological changes in the immune and respiratory systems, cardiovascular function, and coagulation may affect the progression of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy. However, the consequences of coronavirus infection on implantation, fetal growth and development, labor, and newborn health have yet to be determined, and, consequently, a coordinated global effort is needed in this respect. Principles of management concerning COVID-19 in pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy, avoidance of fluid overload, consideration of empiric antibiotics (secondary to bacterial infection risk), laboratory testing for the virus and co-infection, fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, prevention, and / or treatment of thromboembolism early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations. This review focuses on COVID-19 during pregnancy, its management, and the area where further investigations are needed to reduce the risk to mothers and their newborns., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The existing therapeutic agents for the management of pain and pyrexia are not very efficient and accompanied by numerous side effects. Thus, new effective agents are the most needed. The present study investigates bioactivities and phytochemical screening of different parts of Cissus assamica (Vitaceae), a Bangladeshi tribal medicinal plant. Three plant parts stems, leaves and roots were collected, washed, dried, powdered and then prepared for cold extraction. The methanolic stems and leaves extracts were fractioned with four and two solvents respectively. Different plant extracts were then investigated for in vivo antinociceptive activity and only methanolic leaves extract was investigated for in vivo antipyretic activity. In Swiss-albino mice, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses were used for all extracts. In the peripheral antinociceptive activity, the methanolic stem extract and its dichloromethane, chloroform, pet ether fractions and methanolic roots extract at their both doses showed significant antinociceptive responses when compared to standard diclofenac sodium (60.49% inhibition). In the central antinociceptive activity, the response was found significant for methanolic stem and methanolic roots extract in their both doses compared to standard morphine. In antipyretic activity, methanolic leaves extract significantly reduced pyrexia level at 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight doses after two, three and 4 h of administration when compared to standard. So our findings indicate that this plant possesses noteworthy pharmacological activities which may be a basis for further researches to establish a possible mode of action of its different parts., Competing Interests: Authors declared that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2019 The Authors.)