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The present paper investigates the heat load characteristics of Air Conditioned (A.C) coaches installed with Roof Mounted A.C Packaged Units (RMPU) in the Indian Railways. It has been observed in the available official documents that the parameters considered for the heat load calculations for the estimation of RMPU capacity requirements were inadequate. For example, the list does not include body heat generated by the on-board passengers and radiation from various gadgets and utilities which also contributes to the heat load on the RMPU. In addition, the humidity levels or passenger comfort were also not among the parameters which in turn provide a quantitative guideline for temperature settings of AC coaches. The inadequacy in the considered data clearly led to inaccurate assessment of the performance of RMPU and energy consumption. This study aims to improve the accuracy in predicting the heat load on the RMPU by including more parameters that are contributing to the heat addiction such as the opening and closing of the door, heat transfer through the partition between the wash basin area and sleeping berths, radiation from electronic gadgets and heat addition due to utilities. The calculations are relevantly based on various air conditioning systems in other applications. The results after the consideration of extra parameters showed that the revised required T.R per coach is 7.74 tons as opposed to the existing calculated results of 7 tons. The present work can motivate more efficient RMPU designs which in turn can inspire an improved approach towards the design of air conditioning systems of similar transportation modes and similar heating, ventilation, & air conditioning (HVAC) systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Company managers face institutional complexity in dealing with competing institutional logics when making business decisions on climate change. We conducted an experimental vignette study to understand how managers would respond when encountering two competing logics: an "environmental logic" that promotes climate action and a "market logic" that prevents climate action. For each logic, we study the effect of its normative and mimetic forces, mediated through shareholders and competitors, respectively. In our study design, we predict how a hypothetical CEO of a fictitious oil and gas company would respond to these conflicting logics. We find evidence for the market logic's status as the default logic. However, we also find that the normative forces of the environmental logic are perceived as highly effective in increasing investments in decarbonization. In comparison, mimetic forces are perceived as less effective in achieving the same aim. Surprisingly, the threat of sanctions by divestment from the shareholder appears to have no effect. Implying shareholders are more likely to succeed in pushing companies towards decarbonization by enganing with the management than through divestment campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete transition to zero tailpipe emissions vehicles (ZEV) can significantly contribute towards achieving net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, which is essential for keeping the hope of avoiding a dangerous climate change alive. This transition is an enormous task considering the current negligible share of ZEVs in the entire fleet of on-road vehicles. To understand the potential for a zero-emissions transportation future for incumbent automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEM), we investigate their innovation performance in the successful commercialization of their ZEVs. We hypothesize that open innovation will be beneficial for commercializing product-level ZEV inventions. We also hypothesize that complex reconfiguration requirements of the existing innovation ecosystem will hinder ZEV commercialization efforts through inventions in specialized complementary assets for ZEVs. We test our hypotheses using a panel of data of 23 years for listed automotive OEMs in Asia, Europe, and the USA, and the results broadly support our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, a grand challenge of our time is threatening to be a runaway problem. Solutions for climate change would require coupling of technological and social innovation. Such coupling can be enabled by open innovation for unlocking new frontiers of climate solutions. In this symposium we will discuss how open innovation may usher a new paradigm for green innovation; what role collaborative experimentation with new circular business models can play to facilitate the operationalization of open innovation & how climate politics may shape the discourse on open innovation. Given that research on the application of open innovation with respect to climate change remains less explored; the symposium will also aim to identify key research questions that can provide directions for future research. The symposium will start with inputs from the invited panelists and will be followed by moderated discussions. Subsequently, the floor will be opened for questions and answers and will close with final reflections from the panelists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]