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Heparin, traditionally known for its anticoagulant properties, has recently been identified as a potential agent in cancer therapy. Its derivatives, including low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH), are being investigated for their multifaceted roles in oncology. This review focuses on the expanding exploration of heparin's anticancer effects and its possible integration into cancer treatment protocols. The primary aim is to consolidate and analyze current research on the anticancer properties of heparin and its derivatives. It seeks to illuminate the mechanisms by which these compounds influence cancer progression, including their impact on angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, immune response modulation, and the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion. Additionally, the review aims to evaluate the potential of heparin and its derivatives in complementing existing chemotherapy treatments. An extensive literature review was conducted, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Sources included a range of scientific databases, employing keywords related to heparin and oncology. The selected studies were critically reviewed to extract relevant data on the efficacy, mechanisms, and potential clinical applications of heparin in cancer therapy. The results reveals that heparin and its derivatives exhibit significant anticancer activity across various research settings; key findings include the inhibition of angiogenesis, reduction in tumor cell proliferation, stimulation of immune responses, and the limitation of cancer cell migration and invasion. The compounds also show promise as adjuncts to conventional chemotherapy, potentially enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer treatments. This review highlights the burgeoning role of heparin and its derivatives in the realm of cancer therapy, marking a shift from their traditional use as anticoagulants. While promising, the research underscores the need for further comprehensive studies to fully understand the mechanisms of action, optimal dosing, potential side effects, and patient selection criteria. The potential integration of heparin into cancer treatment regimens opens new therapeutic possibilities warranting continued investigation in this rapidly evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of Nepal has recommended blanket fertilizer application for rice cultivation, which results in lower nutrient use efficiency (NUE) particularly under rainfed conditions. With the aim of finding an appropriate nutrient management practices concerning rice production and profitability, a field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2017 and 2018 at Kavrepalanchowk and Dang district of Nepal. Altogether, five treatments comprising various nutrient management practices viz. Nutrient Expert Model (NE), use of Leaf Color Chart (LCC), Government Recommended Fertilizer Dose (GON), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), and Farmers' Field Practice (FFP), were laid out in RCBD with four replications in farmers' fields. The analysis of variance showed significant difference between treatments for test weight and grain yield in Kavrepalanchowk whereas all traits except number of effective tillers were significant in Dang. The significantly higher grain yield and harvest index were obtained in NE, followed by LCC; and the overall straw yield was highest in LCC, followed by NE in both the locations. Also, yield gap analysis suggested the NE had 44.44% and 23.97% increase in yield as compared to FPP in Kavrepalanchowk and Dang, respectively. The combined analysis with Best Linear Unbiased Estimator revealed the interaction of nutrient management and location significantly effects the straw yield and harvest index across both the locations. The estimated mean straw yield and harvest index were 10.93 t/ha and 34.98%, respectively. Both correlation study and biplot of principal component analysis signaled grain yield had positive correlation with all other traits. Furthermore, the net revenue was maximum for NE, followed by LCC in both the locations. The benefit: cost ratio was highest for NE which was 1.55 in Kavrepalanchowk and 2.61 in Dang. On the basis of these findings, NE and LCC can be effectively used as nutrient management practice by the farmers to obtain maximum production and profitability in Rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]