98 results on '"Pau-brasil"'
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2. De “Ilha da Vera Cruz” a “Brasil” – revisitação à origem do nome.
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Teotónio Almeida, Onésimo
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ISLANDS , *EXPLANATION - Abstract
The explanation that the name Brasil stems from pau-brasil cannot be understood when one ignores the story of the mythical island named Brazil. This essay is a serene revisitation of the topic outlining the historical background that may have led to the renaming of the island of Santa Cruz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. ESTUDOS IN SILICO DE DITERPENOS EXTRAÍDOS DA Paubrasilia echinata Lam. E DERIVADOS FRENTE A INTEGRASE E TRANSCRIPTASE REVERSA DO HIV-1.
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SILVA, Fábia Martins, RAMOS, Clécio Sousa, SCOTTI, Luciana, and MONTEIRO, Alex France Messias
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REVERSE transcriptase , *HUMAN DNA , *VIRAL DNA , *SYNTHETIC products , *PLANT species , *DITERPENES , *GENETIC code - Abstract
Introduction: HIV, whose viral multiplication is associated with three enzymes. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing vital DNA based on its RNA; integrase is responsible for integrating viral DNA into human DNA; and protease is responsible for cleaving the genetic code into smaller, functional units. Many research groups around the world are motivated by the proposal of a new bioactive against HIV. Objectives: To propose natural diterpenes or synthetic products from the Pau-Brasil plant species against HIV through in silico techniques. Methods: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, as well as some of their products that were known by computational means. The work was developed through a hybrid screening (ligand-based and structure-based) for a possible biological activity of these phytoconstituents against the main enzymes of HIV-1 multiplication. Results: Computational assays showed that the compounds ALX04 and ALX07 showed possible activity against HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase proteins, respectively. No compound was simultaneously active against the two enzymes (HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase), and all other compounds proved inactive. Discussion: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, and some results were obtained through computational methods. The work was developed to achieve a viable observable activity to the tested prediction models. Conclusions: Computational assays showed that the diterpenes ALX04 and ALX07 had promising assays of retroviral activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Use and Conservation of the Threatened Brazilian National Tree Paubrasilia echinata Lam.: A Potential for Rio de Janeiro State?
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Lichtenberg, Silke, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Nehren, Udo, Reyes-Agüero, Juan Antonio, Walker, Lawrence R., Series Editor, Howarth, Robert W., Series Editor, Kapustka, Lawrence A., Series Editor, Nehren, Udo, editor, Schlϋter, Sabine, editor, Raedig, Claudia, editor, Sattler, Dietmar, editor, and Hissa, Helga, editor
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- 2019
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5. Karyotype diversity and 2C DNA content in species of the Caesalpinia group
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Polliana Silva Rodrigues, Margarete Magalhães Souza, Cláusio Antônio Ferreira Melo, Telma Nair Santana Pereira, and Ronan Xavier Corrêa
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Caesalpinioideae ,Flow cytometry ,CMA3 +/DAPI− ,Fluorescent in situ hybridization ,Pau-Brasil ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background The Leguminosae family is the third-largest family of angiosperms, and Caesalpinioideae is its second-largest subfamily. A great number of species (approximately 205) are found in the Caesalpinia group within this subfamily; together with these species’ phenotypic plasticity and the similarities in their morphological descriptors, make this a complex group for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the karyotypic diversity and the 2C DNA content variation in 10 species of the Caesalpinia group, representing six genera: Paubrasilia, Caesalpinia, Cenostigma, Poincianella, Erythrostemon and Libidibia. The GC-rich heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites (which are used as chromosome markers) were located to evaluate the karyotype diversity in the clade. The variation in the 2C DNA content was determined through flow cytometry. Results The fluorochrome banding indicated that the chromomycin A3 +/4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole− blocks were exclusively in the terminal regions of the chromosomes, coinciding with 45S rDNA sites in all analyzed species. Physical mapping of the species (through fluorescence in situ hybridization) revealed variation in the size of the hybridization signals and in the number and distribution of the 45S rDNA sites. All hybridization sites were in the terminal regions of the chromosomes. In addition, all species had a hybridization site in the fourth chromosome pair. The 2C DNA content ranged from 1.54 pg in Erythrostemon calycina to 2.82 pg in the Paubrasilia echinata large-leaf variant. The Pa. echinata small-leaf variant was isolated from the other leaf variants through Scoot-Knott clustering. Conclusions The chromosome diversity and the variation in the 2C DNA content reinforce that the actual taxonomy and clustering of the analyzed taxa requires more genera that were previously proposed. This fact indicates that taxonomy, phylogeny and cytoevolutionary inference related to the complex Caesalpinia group have to be done through integrative evaluation.
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- 2018
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6. Mission of Cristovao Jacques on the eve of the initiation of systematic colonization of Brazil by the Portuguese
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Pavlo Kryazhev
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brazil ,colonization ,military and inspection squadron ,captain– major ,factoria ,pau–brasil ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 ,Law ,Social Sciences - Abstract
In the article we examine the mission of portuguese captain–major Cristovao Jaques in the context of initiation of systematic colonization of Brazil by the portugueses in 1530. We emphasized on the documents which reveal the course of military and inspection squadrons under command of Jaques. These documents reveal the circumstances of founding of portuguese outpost in the South America – factoria «Sitio–do–Маrco». In the article we elucidated that the organization of mentioned military and inspection expeditions towards the coasts of Brazil was the compelled reaction of portuguese crown on the threatening attempts of the french corsairs to be fixed on its coast. In other words, the neutralization of menace of loss by the crown of Portugal of the new discovered land in the Southern Atlantic was the purpose of Cristovao Jaque’s squadron. In this context in the article it is noted that the french squadrons of corsairs from Brittany and Normandy have begun the expedition voyages in the direction of Brazil, since 1503. These expeditions have reached the greatest activity in the twenties of XVI century. The first similar expedition under command of admiral Gonnevil has begun its sea voyage 24th june 1503 when ship «Espoir de Honfleur» has gone in journey from the harbor Honfleur. In the article we accented the attention on that circumstance that the mission of captain-major Cristovao Jaques has been directed to the preparation of reliable base for initiation by the king Joao III the first colonization expedition towards Brazil.
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- 2018
7. Climate signals in tree rings of Paubrasilia echinata (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioidea) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
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Macedo, Tahysa Mota, Barros, Claudia Franca, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, Brandes, Arno Fritz das Neves, da Costa, Warlen Silva, Costa, Cecília Gonçalves, and Roig, Fidel
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Key message: Tree-ring chronologies were built for wild and cultivated Paubrasilia echinata, a presently endangered species. Significantly P. echinata showed measurably different growth patterns related to the environment where wild and cultivated trees have grown. Paubrasilia echinata once grew so abundantly along the tropical coast of South America that the names given to the tree by early Europeans colonists—Bresil, Brasil, Brazil—became synonymous with an entire geography. Today, despite restoration and protection efforts, the species remains under threat of extinction throughout Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Considering the past overexploitation and ongoing climate changes, the future of P. echinata significantly depends upon human understanding of the species' growth dynamics and growth-climate relations. Therefore, this work aims to: (1) demonstrate the feasibility of calendar dating P. echinata tree rings; (2) build chronologies by analyzing its growth rings; and (3) establish with detail the specific influence of climate on annual radial xylem production. Differences in vessel and axial parenchyma frequency, local distended rays and marginal parenchyma were the wood anatomical markers used to distinguish boundaries between adjacent rings so that dendrochronological methods could be applied. For climate-growth responses, we developed tree-ring width chronologies from wild and cultivated trees. Results revealed that seasonal rainfall is the most important factor influencing P. echinata growth. More specifically, positive correlation was observed between the tree-ring chronology of wild trees and precipitation during the rainy months of the growing season, while the tree-ring chronology of cultivated trees correlated negatively with precipitation in months before the growth period. Wild trees showed increment growth rates lower than planted trees. Rainfall's observed effect on P. echinata is, of course, not surprising. However, our results contribute a detailed quantitative record of that effect, which expands the body of ecological knowledge regarding P. echinata necessary for ongoing conservation efforts under current and future human-caused climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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8. Tarsila do Amaral: Viajante, mediadora e experimentadora.
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Genschow, Karen
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Copyright of Chiricu Journal: Latina/o Literatures, Arts, & Cultures is the property of Indiana University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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9. Pernambuco - Itália - Amsterdã. O Contrabando de pau-brasil na primeira metade do século dezessete.
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Werneck Xavier, Lucia
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Copyright of Revista de fontes is the property of Revista de fontes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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10. 'Ibirapitanga, lignvm rvbrvm'
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Jaílson Santos de Novais and Gleidson Vieira Marques
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editorial ,Paubrasilia ,pau-brasil ,botânica ,scientia amabilis ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Primeiro editorial da revista Paubrasilia.
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- 2018
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11. O negócio do pau-brasil, a sociedade mercantil Purry, Mellish and Devisme e o mercado global de corantes: escalas mercantis, instituições e agentes ultramarinos no século XVIII
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Thiago Alves Dias
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Pau-brasil ,instituições mercantis ,negociantes ultramarinos ,corantes ,Purry ,Mellish and Devisme ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
Esse artigo analisa as práticas e instituições mercantis relacionadas ao comércio de pau-brasil extraído das matas do norte do estado do Brasil e destinadas ao mercado de corantes, em Portugal e restante da Europa no século XVIII. A partir da documentação alfandegária da Casa da Índia, além de documentação privativa da sociedade de mercadores ingleses Purry, Mellish and Devisme, demonstramos as dimensões e escalas mercantis, seus contratos, negociações e instituições, que modularam desde as práticas extrativistas nas matas do Brasil para o despacho no porto de Recife até a posterior reexportação via Lisboa para o mercado de corantes no norte da Europa durante o século XVIII.
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- 2018
12. A Forgotten Century of Brazilwood: The Brazilwood Trade from the Mid-Sixteenth to Mid-Seventeenth Century.
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Dodge, Cameron J. G.
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TIMBER ,CAESALPINIA echinata ,ECONOMIC conditions in Brazil ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
Copyright of E-Journal of Portuguese History is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
13. The first Oswald de Andrade and criticism: imbecile babbling, literary suicide and the authenticity/inauthenticity dichotomy as brazilianness criteria (1924-1927)
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Cruvinel, Zandélli Lira, Valle, Ulisses do, Vilela, Ana Lúcia Oliveira, and Silva, Walkiria Oliveira
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Pau-Brasil ,HISTORIA::HISTORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA [CIENCIAS HUMANAS] ,Recepção ,Reception ,Brasilidade - Abstract
Após a Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922, o movimento modernista passa a se deter não apenas sobre o que queriam romper, mas também sobre o que queriam construir. Da razão de existência do próprio movimento (a libertação, no espírito criativo do artista, das amarras e imposições de fórmulas e métricas), à exigência por expressão autêntica e livre, até ao questionamento sobre a natureza e caráter da identidade cultural brasileira, o percurso modernista foi atravessado por questões maiores do que a edificação de uma arte nova. Nesse meio, Oswald de Andrade lança seu projeto estético Pau-Brasil (1924; 1925). Para além das ideias do próprio Oswald, a recepção ao projeto Pau-Brasil pode nos dar acesso à discussão sobre arte, nacionalismo, cultura brasileira e história nacional feita entre intelectuais e artistas, nos anos finais da Primeira República. Utilizando como instrumento conceitual as propostas de Robert Jauss (1996), dentro da Estética da Recepção, e, de forma secundária, de Wolfgang Iser, sobre o Efeito Estético, abordo a recepção, entre 1924 e 1927, do projeto Pau-Brasil. Em termos de autêntico ou inautêntico, original ou cópia, é a disputa sobre a identidade cultural brasileira que fragmenta o movimento modernista, serve como critério avaliativo da arte e denuncia a fragilidade de um pacto nacional no período. Das críticas a Pau-Brasil, destaco as de Graça Aranha, Tristão de Athayde e dos Verdeamarelistas (Menotti Del Picchia, Cassiano Ricardo, Plínio Salgado). Esse conjunto de autores verbaliza pontos centrais da crítica ao projeto pau-brasílico: o retorno ou o regresso ao irracional e a dicotomia autenticidade/inautenticidade (em termos de nacional versus estrangeiro). After the Modern Art Week of 1922, the modernist movement began to focus not only on what they wanted to break, but also on what they wanted to build. From the reason for the existence of the movement itself (the liberation, in the creative spirit of the artist, from the bonds and impositions of formulas and metrics), to the demand for authentic and free expression, to the questioning about the nature and character of Brazilian cultural identity, the journey The modernist movement was crossed by bigger issues than the construction of a new art. In this environment, Oswald de Andrade launched his aesthetic project Pau-Brasil (1924; 1925). In addition to Oswald's own ideas, the reception of the Pau-Brasil project can give us access to the discussion on art, nationalism, Brazilian culture and national history made between intellectuals and artists in the final years of the First Republic. Using as a conceptual instrument the proposals of Robert Jauss (1996), within the Aesthetics of Reception, and, secondarily, of Wolfgang Iser, on the Aesthetic Effect, I approach the reception, between 1924 and 1927, of the Pau-Brasil project. In terms of authentic or inauthentic, original or copy, it is the dispute over Brazilian cultural identity that fragments the modernist movement, serves as an evaluative criterion for art and denounces the fragility of a national pact in the period. Among the criticisms of Pau-Brasil, I highlight those by Graça Aranha, Tristão de Athayde and the Verdeamarelistas (Menotti Del Picchia, Cassiano Ricardo, Plínio Salgado). This group of authors verbalizes central points of criticism of the pau-brasil project: the return or the return to the irrational and the authenticity/inauthenticity dichotomy (in terms of national versus foreign). Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
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- 2022
14. Estrutura de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica em regeneração com ocorrência de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil)
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Liliane Baldan Zani, Valderes Bento Sarnaglia Junior, José Manoel Lúcio Gomes, and Luciana Dias Thomaz
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Espírito Santo ,Fitossociologia ,Floresta de tabuleiro ,Pau-brasil ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento remanescente de Floresta Atlântica em regeneração no município de Aracruz-ES em uma floresta de tabuleiro com ocorrência natural de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Foram instaladas 10 unidades amostrais (parcelas) de 10 x 50m sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos com DAP≥5cm e
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- 2012
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15. Enraizamento de estacas de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. em hidroponia
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Sérgio Valiengo Valeri, Ariadne Felício Lopo de Sá, Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins, and José Carlos Barbosa
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pau-brasil ,auxina ,ácido indolbutírico ,enraizamento ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985731O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a necessidade e a concentração apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de Caesalpinia echinata em sistema de hidroponia, para a produção de mudas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP Jaboticabal, SP. O material vegetal foi constituído de 160 estacas caulinares de 11 a 12 cm de comprimento com dois pares de folhas obtidas de mudas jovens produzidas partindo de sementes. As bases das estacas foram tratadas pelo método de imersão lenta em solução de etanol a 5% durante 14 horas contendo 0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1 de AIB e via imersão rápida em solução de etanol a 50% durante 5 segundos contendo 0, 1000, 3000 e 5000 mg L-1 de AIB. As estacas permaneceram no sistema de hidroponia por 90 dias e 90 dias adicionais em sacos de polietileno contendo Plantmax® como substrato, sendo mantidas sob nebulização intermitente. Após 90 e 180 dias de enraizamento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de sobrevivência e de estacas enraizadas, o número e o comprimento de raízes adventícias. As estacas devem ser tratadas com ácido indolbutírico na concentração de 100 mg L-1 por 14 horas e colocadas para enraizar em sistema de hidroponia.
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- 2012
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16. Estudo comparativo da massa específica aparente e retratibilidade da madeira de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata LAM.) nativa e de reflorestamento
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Sinval dos Santos Marques, José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira, Juarez Benigno Paes, Edenise Segala Alves, Aderbal Gomes da Silva, and Nilton César Fiedler
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Pau-Brasil ,Madeira e Propriedades físicas ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Entre as propriedades físicas da madeira, a massa específica aparente e a retratibilidade são características importantes na avaliação da qualidade da madeira para ampla gama de uso. A massa específica aparente, ou densidade aparente, está relacionada a uma série de outras características, principalmente àquelas relacionadas às propriedades mecânicas e anatômicas da madeira. Do mesmo modo, a retratibilidade também é importante característica, pois avalia a estabilidade dimensional das madeiras, sendo de grande importância para aplicações em que a madeira não deve apresentar contrações excessivas durante sua utilização. Com base nisso, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a massa específica aparente e a retratibilidade da madeira de pau-brasil, proveniente de áreas naturais e de reflorestamentos com 10, 15, 20, 26 e 30 anos. Tais avaliações foram realizadas segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo Método Brasileiro 26/1940 da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Os resultados indicaram que houve variação na massa específica aparente nas diferentes idades, com os maiores valores para a madeira de 30 anos de idade, que foram próximos aos encontrados para amostras de madeira nativa. A retratibilidade volumétrica total também variou em função da idade, não apresentando grande diferença em relação à madeira proveniente de áreas naturais.
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- 2012
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17. Meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes de nitrogênio na regulação da calogênese do pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) Culture media, growth regulators and nitrogen sources in callus formation regulation of Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.)
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Elias Terra Werner, Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez, Liana Holda Golin Mengarda, Wagner Aparecido Vendrame, and Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol
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Pau-brasil ,determinação ,competência ,calos ,in vitro ,nitrogênio ,fitorreguladores ,Brazilwood ,determination ,competence ,callus ,nitrogen ,growth regulators ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
A regulação da calogênese é o primeiro passo para a embriogênese somática indireta in vitro. Nesse sentido, foram investigados os efeitos de diferentes meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes nitrogenadas no desenvolvimento de calos em tecidos foliares de Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil). Explantes foliares foram cultivados em meios de cultura MS, B5, White e WPM. Testou-se, também, o efeito dos compostos nitrogenados (NH4NO3, KNO3 e glutamina) e a interação entre auxinas (2,4-D, AIA e AIB) e citocininas (BAP e KIN) na desdiferenciação celular indicado pela formação de calos. Os meios MS, B5 e White não foram significantemente diferentes e proporcionaram melhores resultados. Em meio MS contendo as fontes nitrogenadas 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 e 1,35 g L-1 glutamina + 4,11 g L-1 de KNO3 na presença de 1,0 mg L-1 2,4-D e 5,0 mg L-1 BAP ocorreu maior proliferação celular indicada pela massa fresca dos calos. As combinações dos reguladores 0,5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 5 mg L-1 BAP e 0,5 mg L-1 AIB + 5,0 mg L-1 BAP suplementado com 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 em meio MS estimularam o crescimento dos calos. De maneira geral, os calos apresentaram aspectos friáveis, não embriogênicos, com acúmulo de fenóis e presença de áreas meristemáticas (meristemóides).The regulation of callus formation is the first step to indirect somatic embryogenesis in vitro. Therefore, we investigated hormonal and nutrient factors on development of callus in leaf tissues of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood). Explants were cultivated in culture media MS, B5, WPM, and White. The effect of nitrogen sources (NH4NO3, KNO3 and glutamine) and the interaction between auxins (2,4-D, IAA and IBA) and cytokinins (BAP and KIN) were also evaluated. Media MS, B5 and White were not significantly different and provided better results. MS medium containing 2.4 g L-1 NH4NO3, 1.35 g L-1 glutamine, and 4.11 g L-1 of KNO3 in the presence of 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 5 mg.L-1 BAP increased cellular proliferation as determined by fresh weight of callus. The combination of plant growth regulators at 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA + 5.0 mg L-1 BAP supplemented with 2.4 g L-1 NH4NO3 in MS medium stimulated growth of callus. In general, callus showed friable, non-embryogenic characteristics, with accumulation of phenolics and the presence of meristematic areas (meristems).
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- 2010
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18. The representation of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood) in Sixteenth-and-Seventeenth-Century Maps
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Yuri T. Rocha, Andrea Presotto, and Felisberto Cavalheiro
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Pau-brasil ,cartografia ,comércio ,história ,iluminuras ,séculos XVI e XVII ,Brazilwood ,cartography ,commerce ,history ,illumination ,sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ,Science - Abstract
Brazilwood was the first product found in Terra de Santa Cruz, and the first explored by Portuguese colonization of Brazil. This study aims at the Occidental Cartography and the historical files represented by Portugal's interest on mapping the marketed product found in Brazil. There presentation of Brazilwood in maps was possible due to scientific advancements, new land discoveries, and technological improvement during the 15th century, which all have taken cartography to a whole new period, stressing Portuguese hegemony in Asia and in the New World. The goal of this research was to identify and analyze maps from 16th and 17th centuries that represented the geographical distribution of Brazilwood, and its trade. Brazilwood was represented in many maps by illumination and detailed by different cartographers. The maps and other evidence for this research were found in historical files held in both Brazil and Portugal.O pau-brasil foi o primeiro produto encontrado na Terra de Santa Cruz e o primeiro a ser explorado pela colonização portuguesa no Brasil. Este estudo enfocou a Cartografia Ocidental e os arquivos históricos que representassem o interesse de Portugal em mapear esse produto comercial encontrado no Brasil. A representação do pau-brasil nos mapas foi possível devido aos avanços científicos, aos descobrimentos de novas terras e aos avanços tecnológicos alcançados durante o século XV, os quais deram à cartografia um papel de destaque no novo período, enfatizando a hegemonia Portuguesa na Ásia e no Novo Mundo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os mapas dos séculos XVI e XVII que representassem a distribuição geográfica do pau-brasil e seu comércio. O pau-brasil foi representado em muitos mapas por iluminuras e detalhes feitos por diferentes cartógrafos. Os mapas e outras fontes presentes nesta pesquisa foram encontrados nos arquivos históricos sediados em ambos os países, Brasil e Portugal.
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- 2007
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19. Maturação de frutos de Caesalpinia echinata Lam., pau-brasil Maturation of fruits of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brasil wood)
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Francismar Francisco Alves Aguiar, Marcos Mecca Pinto, Armando Reis Tavares, and Shoey Kanashiro
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Caesalpinia echinata ,pau-brasil ,germinação de sementes ,maturação de sementes ,Caesalpinia echinata Lam. ,Brazil wood ,germination ,maturity of seeds ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Estudaram-se parâmetros indicativos da maturação de frutos de árvores de Caesalpinia echinata, visando determinar a melhor época de colheita para propagação. Foram utilizadas 10 plantas-matriz cultivadas em Mogi-Guaçu, SP, nas quais foram etiquetadas 250 inflorescências no pico da floração para acompanhamento da maturação. As coletas de frutos tiveram início a partir da 5ª semana após a antese, prolongando-se até a 9ª, com intervalos de sete dias. Em cada coleta, analisaram-se os parâmetros: comprimento, largura e teor de água dos frutos; teor de água das sementes (após três dias de exposição ao sol para deiscência do fruto e extração da semente); porcentagem de germinação e peso de matéria seca de frutos, sementes e plântulas. Observou-se, ainda, a coloração dos frutos como parâmetro visual de maturação das sementes. O experimento foi repetido por três anos. Os testes de germinação foram realizados em caixas Gerbox contendo vermiculita umedecida com água destilada. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em câmara regulada para 30 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por parcela, nos anos de 1991, 1992 e 1993. As leituras de germinação foram realizadas nos 4º e 8º dias após a semeadura. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que o momento ideal para coleta dos frutos de C. echinata é no estádio de pré-dispersão (entre a 8º e 9º após a antese) visualizado através da coloração, quando estes mudam de verde para castanho.Several indicative parameters regarding fruit maturity of Caesalpinia echinata were studied in order to establish the ideal harvest time. Ten matrix plants were cultivated in Moji-Guaçu, SP (22°11' to 1022°18' S and 47°13' to 47°20' WG), altitude between 600m and 730m. The climate of the region is classified as Cwa. Two hundred and fifty blossoms were tagged during the the peak blooming period for maturation analysis. Fruit-harvesting schedule ranged from the fifth to the ninth week after anthesis, with seven-day intervals. The following parameters where analyzed for each harvest: fruit length and width; fruit moisture content; seed moisture content (after natural pre-drying); germination percentage; seed, fruit and seedling dry matter weight. Fruit colors were also observed and used as a visual parameter of seed maturation. The experiment was repeated for three years. The germination tests were performed in Gerbox boxes, with vermiculite watered with distilled water. The seeds were set to germinate in B.O.D cameras, at 30°C, with a 12-hour photoperiod. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds per plot in 1991, 1992 and 1993. The germination was analyzed on the 4th and 8th days after seeding. The results showed that the ideal harvest time for Brazil-wood fruits is at the pre-dispersion stage, which can be identified visually through colors, when they change from green to chestnut-brown.
- Published
- 2007
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20. Madeiras utilizadas na fabricação de arcos para instrumentos de corda: aspectos anatômicos Anatomical features of woods used in the manufacture of bows for stringed instruments
- Author
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Veronica Angyalossy, Erika Amano, and Edenise Segala Alves
- Subjects
anatomia da madeira ,arcos para violino ,Caesalpinia echinata ,pau-brasil ,madeiras substitutas ,wood anatomy ,violin bow ,pernambuco wood ,alternative woods ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
A madeira de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) é mundialmente empregada na confecção de arcos para instrumentos de corda, uma vez que apresenta características únicas de ressonância, densidade, durabilidade, beleza, entre outras qualidades, que a tornam ideal para tal uso. Diferentes amostras de pau-brasil, contudo, fornecem arcos com qualidades distintas. No comércio nacional outras madeiras estão sendo empregadas na produção de arcos. Realizou-se, neste estudo, uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa de diferentes amostras de pau-brasil com o objetivo de apontar diferenças na estrutura da madeira que possam contribuir para o entendimento das causas da variação na qualidade do arco, além da análise de outras espécies objetivando determinar, do ponto de vista estrutural, semelhanças ou diferenças com o pau-brasil. Conclui-se que variações no diâmetro dos vasos, distribuição e quantidade de parênquima axial e orientação dos elementos axiais e radiais são parâmetros que devem ser considerados quando se busca determinar as causas das diferenças na qualidade dos arcos de pau-brasil. Constatou-se que arcos de boa qualidade apresentam grã linheira e textura fina. Esta última característica decorre da menor proporção de vasos cujo diâmetro é reduzido, raios homogêneos e fibras com paredes espessas e/ou muito espessas. Assim, a relação entre a estrutura e a qualidade do arco está diretamente relacionada com as dimensões, a distribuição e a proporção das células do lenho.Pernambuco wood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) has special characteristics like resonance, density, durability, and beauty; for this reason, it is considered the best material for stringed instruments bows. Besides pernambuco wood has been used around the world, some samples, and consequently some bows, are better than others. In Brazil, others woody species have been used in the manufacture of bows. In this paper some wood samples of pernambuco wood were analysed in order to verify if it is possible to find differences in their anatomical qualitative and quantitative characteristics that explain the bow quality. The comparative analysis of pernambuco wood samples showed variations in vessel diameter, quantity and distribution of axial parenchyma and orientation of axial and radial wood elements.
- Published
- 2005
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21. Germinação de sementes e formação de mudas de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Pau - Brasil): efeito de sombreamento Seed germination and seedling growth of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood): shading effect
- Author
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Francismar Francisco Alves Aguiar, Shoey Kanashiro, Armando Reis Tavares, Marcos Mecca Pinto, Giulio Cesare Stancato, Janaina de Aguiar, and Thais Denise Rodrigues do Nascimento
- Subjects
Caesalpinia echinata ,pau-brasil ,germinação ,crescimento ,sombreamento ,brasilwood ,germination ,growth ,shading ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil) é a árvore nacional do Brasil, possui grande potencial ornamental, estando atualmente em perigo de extinção devido à exploração extrativista. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação das sementes de C. echinata e o crescimento de mudas sob condições de sombreamento. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Seção de Ornamentais do IBt/SMA, São Paulo, SP. As sementes foram coletadas de frutos maduros, de árvores-matriz no arboreto experimental de C. echinata em Mogi-Guaçu, SP. Os testes de germinação foram realizados nos anos de 1999, 2000 e 2003, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada, sendo avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), submetidas a cinco níveis de sombreamento (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80%). Mudas de C. echinata com nove meses de idade foram submetidas aos mesmos tratamentos de sombreamento das sementes, sendo as variáveis analisadas altura da planta, diâmetro do colo e número de folhas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e 24 plantas por parcela, totalizando 96 mudas por tratamento. Os resultados indicaram que a germinação e o IVE não sofreram influência dos níveis de sombreamento testados. O diâmetro do coleto das mudas a pleno sol, a 20 e 40% de sombreamento, não diferiram significativamente entre si, mas dos tratamentos de 60 e 80%.Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazilwood), Brazil's national tree, has ornamental potential, and due to years of exploitation this species has been reduced on the verge of extinction. This study was aimed to evaluate seed germination and seedling growth of brazil wood under shading conditions. The experiments were conducted at the IBt/SMA Ornamental Department, São Paulo-SP. Seeds were harvested from ripe fruits, from trees of the experimental arboretum of brazilwood at Mogí-Guaçu-SP. The germination tests were carried out in 1999, 2000 and 2003 with 4 replicates consisting of 25 seeds, the germination percentage and the speed germination index (SGI), subjected to five shading levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) were evaluated. Nine-month-old brazilwood seedlings were submitted to the same shading treatments and the analyzed variables were seedling heights, stem base diameters and number of leaves. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates, and each experimental unit consisted of 24 plants, totaling 96 plants. The obtained results showed that shading levels did not the affect seed germination percentage and SGI. The stem base diameters were not statically significant for full sunlight, 20 and 40% of shading, but they were significant for the treatments with 60 and 80% of shading.
- Published
- 2005
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22. A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA PRESERVAÇÃO DO PAU-BRASIL - Paubrasilia echinata
- Author
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Marques, Eliane Oliveira and Borges, Daniela Cristina Silva
- Subjects
Pau-Brasil ,Environmental Education ,Conscientização ,Extraction ,Extração ,Awareness ,Educação Ambiental ,Pau-Brazil - Abstract
Pau-Brazil is the name given to a tree species called Paubrasilia echinata (formerly called Caesalpinia echinata ), whose sturdy wood with an internal reddish extract used in the textile industry sparked the economic interest in the Portuguese settlers, beginning predatory extraction, leading this species at risk of extinction. This current article aims to discuss how environmental education in the school context, can contribute to the preservation of Pau-Brazil, being carried out through literature review of exploratory and qualitative purpose. The study showed that the extraction of Pau-Brazil became the first country economic activity, it was justified by the quality of its wood. It was evident that environmental education has emerged inorder to educate citizens able to coexist in balance with the environment and minimize environmental impacts, considering the unbridled extraction of natural resources, especially Pau-Brazil. We conclude thus that environmental education has great influence on Pau-Brazil preservation process therefore it allows the adoption of sustainable practices in order to conserve the species, through reforestation and environmental awareness of the population. Pau-Brasil é o nome dado a árvore da espécie Paubrasilia echinata (anteriormente chamada de Caesalpinia echinata), cuja madeira resistente com um extrato interno de coloração avermelhada usado na indústria têxtil despertou o interesse econômico nos colonos portugueses, dando início a extração predatória, levando esta espécie ao risco de extinção. O presente artigo objetivou discutir como a educação ambiental, no contexto escolar, pode contribuir para a preservação do Pau-Brasil, sendo realizada por meio de revisão literária de caráter exploratório e qualitativo. O estudo demonstrou que, a extração do Pau-Brasil tornou-se a primeira atividade econômica no país, justificado pela qualidade da sua madeira. Ficou evidente que a educação ambiental surgiu no intuito de formar cidadãos capazes de coexistir em equilíbrio com o meio e minimizar os impactos ambientais, tendo em vista a extração desenfreada dos recursos naturais, em especial o Pau-Brasil. Conclui-se, portanto que a educação ambiental exerce grande influência no processo de preservação do Pau-Brasil, pois, a mesma permite a adoção de práticas sustentáveis a fim de conservar a espécie, por intermédio de projetos de reflorestamento e conscientização ambiental da população.
- Published
- 2020
23. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE PRESERVATION OF PAU-BRASIL - Paubrasilia echinata
- Author
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Marques, Eliane Oliveira, Borges, Daniela Cristina Silva, Marques, Eliane Oliveira, and Borges, Daniela Cristina Silva
- Abstract
Pau-Brazil is the name given to a tree species called Paubrasilia echinata (formerly called Caesalpinia echinata ), whose sturdy wood with an internal reddish extract used in the textile industry sparked the economic interest in the Portuguese settlers, beginning predatory extraction, leading this species at risk of extinction. This current article aims to discuss how environmental education in the school context, can contribute to the preservation of Pau-Brazil, being carried out through literature review of exploratory and qualitative purpose. The study showed that the extraction of Pau-Brazil became the first country economic activity, it was justified by the quality of its wood. It was evident that environmental education has emerged inorder to educate citizens able to coexist in balance with the environment and minimize environmental impacts, considering the unbridled extraction of natural resources, especially Pau-Brazil. We conclude thus that environmental education has great influence on Pau-Brazil preservation process therefore it allows the adoption of sustainable practices in order to conserve the species, through reforestation and environmental awareness of the population., Pau-Brasil é o nome dado a árvore da espécie Paubrasilia echinata (anteriormente chamada de Caesalpinia echinata), cuja madeira resistente com um extrato interno de coloração avermelhada usado na indústria têxtil despertou o interesse econômico nos colonos portugueses, dando início a extração predatória, levando esta espécie ao risco de extinção. O presente artigo objetivou discutir como a educação ambiental, no contexto escolar, pode contribuir para a preservação do Pau-Brasil, sendo realizada por meio de revisão literária de caráter exploratório e qualitativo. O estudo demonstrou que, a extração do Pau-Brasil tornou-se a primeira atividade econômica no país, justificado pela qualidade da sua madeira. Ficou evidente que a educação ambiental surgiu no intuito de formar cidadãos capazes de coexistir em equilíbrio com o meio e minimizar os impactos ambientais, tendo em vista a extração desenfreada dos recursos naturais, em especial o Pau-Brasil. Conclui-se, portanto que a educação ambiental exerce grande influência no processo de preservação do Pau-Brasil, pois, a mesma permite a adoção de práticas sustentáveis a fim de conservar a espécie, por intermédio de projetos de reflorestamento e conscientização ambiental da população.
- Published
- 2020
24. Sub-zero temperature enables storage of seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam.
- Author
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de Oliveira Mello, Juliana Iura, de Cássia Leone Figueiredo-Ribeiro, Rita, and Barbedo, Claudio José
- Subjects
- *
CAESALPINIA echinata , *SEED viability , *GERMINATION , *PLANT development , *EFFECT of temperature on plants - Abstract
Seeds of brazilwood usually have their germinability quickly reduced if stored under natural conditions. Low temperatures, mainly sub-zero, can extend this viability for at least two years. However, there is no information about the germination behavior of these seeds for longer periods, aiming at the germoplasm bank formation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of brazilwood seeds during five-year storage period at 2, 8 and -18 °C. Before storage, seeds were subjected to artificial drying (50 °C) until the moisture content reached 10%. The germination and the normal seedling development of seeds maintained at low temperatures did not differ from other treatment during the first year of storage. However, after two years only seeds stored at -18 °C kept high germination percentage. Seeds stored for five years at -18 °C showed high values of germination and normal seedling development; however, after this period it was possible to identify some symptoms of seed deterioration. Storage at sub-zero temperatures is considered as an important initiative to maintain Caesalpinia echinata seed banks, contributing to the conservation of plant biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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25. ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE Caesalpinia echinata Lam. EM HIDROPONIA.
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Valeri, Sérgio Valiengo, de Sá, Ariadne Felício Lopo, Martins, António Baldo Geraldo, and Barbosa, José Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
26. Taí: é e não é - Cancioneiro Pau Brasil
- Author
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Maria Augusta Fonseca
- Subjects
Pau-Brasil ,vanguarda ,poema épico ,ambiguidade ,caráter local. ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
O objetivo da literatura pretende ser uma interpretação de Pau Brasil (1925), poesia de experimentação modernista de Oswald de Andrade, em consonância com o assunto proposto - sumo da história do país e faces modernizantes de sua atualidade. Neste sentido, privilegia-se o exame dos modos e meios do fazer artístico, procurando entender como o autor articulou na forma poética o país e seu caráter oscilante, a começar pela língua da fala cotidiana.
- Published
- 2004
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27. LA ANTROPOFAGIA DE SERAFIM PONTE GRANDE.
- Author
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Pezzuto, Marcela
- Subjects
CANNIBALISM ,SYMBOLISM (Literary movement) ,FICTION ,TWENTIETH century ,LITERATURE - Abstract
Copyright of Letras (0326-3363) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
28. CHANGES IN SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES DURING STORAGE OF Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (BRAZILWOOD) SEEDS, AN ENDANGERED LEGUMINOUS TREE FROM THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST.
- Author
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Garcia, I. S., Souza, A., Barbedo, C. J., Dietrich, S. M. C., and Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R. C. L.
- Subjects
CAESALPINIA ,SEEDS ,GERMINATION ,CARBOHYDRATES ,GLUCOSE ,FRUCTOSE - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Climate signals in tree rings of Paubrasilia echinata (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioidea) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
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Claudia Franca Barros, Warlen Silva da Costa, Fidel A. Roig, Tahysa Mota Macedo, Cecília Gonçalves Costa, Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes, and Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Extinction ,Ecology ,Physiology ,Endangered species ,Growing season ,Climate change ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Overexploitation ,Dendrochronology ,PAU-BRASIL ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Tropical rainforest ,Chronology - Abstract
Tree-ring chronologies were built for wild and cultivated Paubrasilia echinata, a presently endangered species. Significantly P. echinata showed measurably different growth patterns related to the environment where wild and cultivated trees have grown. Paubrasilia echinata once grew so abundantly along the tropical coast of South America that the names given to the tree by early Europeans colonists—Bresil, Brasil, Brazil—became synonymous with an entire geography. Today, despite restoration and protection efforts, the species remains under threat of extinction throughout Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Considering the past overexploitation and ongoing climate changes, the future of P. echinata significantly depends upon human understanding of the species’ growth dynamics and growth-climate relations. Therefore, this work aims to: (1) demonstrate the feasibility of calendar dating P. echinata tree rings; (2) build chronologies by analyzing its growth rings; and (3) establish with detail the specific influence of climate on annual radial xylem production. Differences in vessel and axial parenchyma frequency, local distended rays and marginal parenchyma were the wood anatomical markers used to distinguish boundaries between adjacent rings so that dendrochronological methods could be applied. For climate-growth responses, we developed tree-ring width chronologies from wild and cultivated trees. Results revealed that seasonal rainfall is the most important factor influencing P. echinata growth. More specifically, positive correlation was observed between the tree-ring chronology of wild trees and precipitation during the rainy months of the growing season, while the tree-ring chronology of cultivated trees correlated negatively with precipitation in months before the growth period. Wild trees showed increment growth rates lower than planted trees. Rainfall’s observed effect on P. echinata is, of course, not surprising. However, our results contribute a detailed quantitative record of that effect, which expands the body of ecological knowledge regarding P. echinata necessary for ongoing conservation efforts under current and future human-caused climate change.
- Published
- 2020
30. Uma história de conflitos negada: ficcionalização do eu lírico em 'Poemas da colonização', do livro Pau-Brasil, de Oswald de Andrade
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De Oliveira, Vera Lucia
- Subjects
história brasileira ,Oswald de Andrade ,Poesia modernista ,Pau-Brasil ,escravidão no Brasil - Published
- 2020
31. Relações do N, P e K com a fluorescência da clorofila, teores de nutrientes foliares e carboidratos solúveis do caule de Caesalpinia echinata Lam
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Emerson Campos Canal, Vinícius Novo Gama, Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol, and Leonardo Valandro Zanetti
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0106 biological sciences ,Chlorophyll a ,Sucrose ,Brazilwood ,Positive correlation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Performance index ,fluorescência ,nutrientes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,nutrients ,lcsh:Botany ,Caesalpinia ,soluble carbohydrates ,Stem bark ,biology ,carboidratos solúveis ,Xylem ,pau-brasil ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,fluorescence ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Field conditions - Abstract
RESUMO Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de suplementação de N, P e K no acúmulo foliar desses elementos e suas relações com os parâmetros da fluorescência da clorofila a e com a concentração de carboidratos solúveis em caules de plantas jovens de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Plantas com oito meses de idade foram cultivadas em vasos que receberam N, P e K na forma isolada ((NH4)2SO4, P2O5, KCl) e combinada na proporção 10:10:10 e 04:14:08, distribuídos em blocos inteiramente casualizados. As aplicações foram repetidas a cada 90 dias durante 450 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que C. echinata é mais responsiva ao N. As plantas apresentaram maiores concentrações de N foliar e correlação positiva com a concentração das clorofilas a e b. No entanto, os tratamentos não influenciaram no rendimento quântico potencial do FSII (FV/FM) e no índice de desempenho (PITOTAL). A concentração da sacarose na casca do caule foi maior do que do xilema secundário e superior nas adubações fosfatada e em NPK 04:14:08 sugerindo maior demanda de substrato para a formação da madeira nesses tratamentos, o que poderia resultar em caules mais resistentes e maior capacidade de sobrevivência das plantas em condições de campo. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N, P, and K in the accumulation of these elements in the leaf and their relations with the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and with the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in stems of young plants of Caesalpinia echinata.Eight-month-old plants were grown in polyethylene pots. which received N, P, and K in isolated form ((NH4)2SO4, P2O5, KCl) and the combined form NPK in the ratio 10:10:10 and 04:14:08. The pots were arranged in randomized blocks. The applications were repeated each 90 days during 450 days. The results demonstrated that C. echinata is more responsive to N. Plants showed higher leaf N concentrations and positive correlation with the concentration of chlorophyll a and b. However, the treatments did not influence the potential quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM) and the performance index (PITOTAL). The concentration of sucrose in the stem bark was higher than that of secondary xylem and superior in fertilizers rich in P (P and NPK 04:14:08) suggesting increased demand of substrate for forming the wood in these treatments, which could result in more resistant stems and higher survival of the plants under field conditions.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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32. PRIMÓRDIOS DO COMÉRCIO DE PAU-BRASIL
- Author
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Luiz Leite de Vasconcelos
- Subjects
PAU-BRASIL ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
Artigo sobre pau-brasil.
- Published
- 1995
33. RESPOSTAS ECOFISIOLÓGICAS DE PLANTAS DO ECOTIPO MÉDIO DE Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon,H.C.Lima e G.P.Lewis CULTIVADAS SOB PLENO SOL E SOMBREAMENTO NATURAL
- Author
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Dayana Effgen Fantinato, Talita Miranda Teixeira Xavier, José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane, Vinícius Novo Gama, Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol, Leonardo Valandro Zanetti, and Bernardo Pretti Becacici Macieira
- Subjects
Sunlight ,Chlorophyll a ,education.field_of_study ,Pioneer species ,biology ,Carbon fixation ,Population ,fungi ,Brazilwood ,food and beverages ,Forestry ,Photosynthetic efficiency ,SD1-669.5 ,biology.organism_classification ,Trocas gasosas ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Estresse oxidativo ,Botany ,Gas exchange ,Pau-brasil ,Shading ,education ,Oxidation stress - Abstract
The existing inconsistent data on the irradiance needs of Brazilwood plants Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon,H.C.Lima and G.P.Lewis. can be explained by their phenotypical variations. While small-leaf morphotypes grows better in the shade, not tolerating environments with high irradiance, a recently discovered population of medium morphotype presents different behavior: better performance under direct sunlight and limited growth in the shade. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms of the medium morphotype in response to the available irradiance, this study was performed to characterize the oxidative stress metabolism, photochemical and biochemical photosynthesis efficiency, as well as anatomical adjustments of leaves of the medium morphotype of P. echinata under different intensities of irradiance. The analyses were performed at direct sunlight condition (2000 µmol m-2.s-1) and within a dense ombrophilous forest with 80% shading (192 µmol m-2.s-1). Growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast pigments, photochemical (chlorophyll a fluorescence), and biochemical (gaseous exchanges) efficiency, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidants were measured. The results showed that the higher efficiency in light energy uptake, paired with better photochemical performance and better CO2 fixation in plants under direct sunlight resulted in higher concentration of soluble sugars and growth. The energy that should have been used in photochemical and/or biochemical reactions of shaded plants was dissipated in the form of heat, re-emitted as fluorescence or translocated to the production of antioxidant defense compounds of the secondary metabolism. Therefore, the medium morphotype of P. echinata presents an ecological profile of sun-tolerant or pioneer species, and as such, it is recommended its planting in full sunlight. These results differ from previous studies on small morphotype of P. echinata and suggest the need for a taxonomic reconstruction of this species, which is essential to adequate management practices in Atlantic rainforest recovery programs. RESUMO Os dados existentes e inconsistentes sobre as necessidades de irradiância das plantas de pau-brasil Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon,H.C.Lima e G.P.Lewis. podem ser explicados por suas variações fenotípicas. Enquanto os morfotipos de folhas pequenas apresentam melhor crescimento em sombreamento, não tolerando ambientes com elevada irradiância, uma população de morfotipos médios recentemente descoberta apresenta um comportamento diferente: melhor desempenho em intensa luminosidade e crescimento limitado em sombreamento. A fim de compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos do morfotipo médio em termos de disponibilidade de irradiância, este estudo foi realizado para caracterizar o metabolismo do estresse oxidativo, a eficiência fotoquímica e bioquímica da fotossíntese, bem como os ajustes anatômicos de folhas do morfotipo médio de P. echinata sob irradiâncias contrastantes. As análises foram realizadas em elevada luminosidade (2000 µmol m-2.s-1) e dentro de uma floresta ombrófila densa com 80% de sombreamento (192 µmol m-2.s-1). Foram mensurados crescimento, anatomia foliar, pigmentos cloroplastídicos, eficiência fotoquímica (fluorescência da clorofila a) e bioquímica (trocas gasosas), carboidratos solúveis e antioxidantes. Os resultados mostraram que a maior eficiência na captação de energia luminosa, seguido do melhor desempenho fotoquímico e melhor fixação de CO2 nas plantas sob elevada luminosidade, resultaram em maiores concentrações de açúcares solúveis e maior crescimento. A energia que deveria ter sido usada nas reações fotoquímicas e/ou bioquímicas de plantas sombreadas foi dissipada na forma de calor, reemitida como fluorescência ou translocada para a produção de compostos de defesa antioxidantes do metabolismo secundário. Concluímos que o ecotipo médio de P. echinata apresenta perfil ecológico de espécies tolerante ao sol ou de pioneira sendo recomendado seu plantio em pleno sol. Esses resultados diferem dos estudos anteriormente publicados sobre o ecotipo folha pequena de P. echinata e sugere a necessidade de uma reconstrução taxonômica dessa espécie, o que é fundamental para boas práticas de manejo em programas de recuperação da Floresta Atlântica.
- Published
- 2019
34. O NEGÓCIO DO PAU-BRASIL, A SOCIEDADE MERCANTIL PURRY, MELLISH AND DEVISME E O MERCADO GLOBAL DE CORANTES: ESCALAS MERCANTIS, INSTITUIÇÕES E AGENTES ULTRAMARINOS NO SÉCULO XVIII
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Dias, Thiago Alves
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corantes ,Brazilwood ,Pau-brasil ,negociantes ultramarinos ,instituições mercantis ,Purry, Mellish and Devisme ,merchant institutions - overseas merchants - dyes - Purry, Mellish and Devisme - Abstract
Resumo Esse artigo analisa as práticas e instituições mercantis relacionadas ao comércio de pau-brasil extraído das matas do norte do estado do Brasil e destinadas ao mercado de corantes, em Portugal e restante da Europa no século XVIII. A partir da documentação alfandegária da Casa da Índia, além de documentação privativa da sociedade de mercadores ingleses Purry, Mellish and Devisme, demonstramos as dimensões e escalas mercantis, seus contratos, negociações e instituições, que modularam desde as práticas extrativistas nas matas do Brasil para o despacho no porto de Recife até a posterior reexportação via Lisboa para o mercado de corantes no norte da Europa durante o século XVIII. Abstract This article analyzes the practices and merchant institutions related to the brazilwood trade extracted from the forests of the north of the state of Brazil and destined for the dye market in Portugal and the rest of Europe in the 18th century. From the customs documentation of the House of India, in addition to the proprietary documentation of the Purry, Mellish and Devisme merchants, we demonstrate the dimensions and mercantile scales, their contracts, negotiations and institutions, which have modulated everything from the extractive practices in the Brazilian forests to the dispatch in the port of Recife until the later re-export via Lisbon to the dye market in northern Europe during the eighteenth century.
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- 2018
35. CONDIÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS E COMPORTAMENTO ECOFISIOLÓGICO DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS
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GALVAO, E. K. S. and PEZZOPANE, J. E. M.
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Climatologia agrícola ,Eucalipto ,Pau-brasil ,Cr - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11766_Dissertação ELAYNE 2018-Final.pdf: 1719322 bytes, checksum: cd0fe077e4f105c43d8d65b041c4d99c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 Condições climáticas são fatores preponderantes no comportamento fisiológico e no crescimento de espécies florestais, em especial, variações de temperatura e demanda atmosférica. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a influência dos efeitos conjugados da variação do déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) e da temperatura nos aspectos ecofisiológicos de espécies de eucalipto e morfotipos de pau brasil (Paubrasilia echinata) buscando compreender os mecanismos de aclimatação fisiológica e de crescimento. O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante a montagem e condução de dois experimentos, segmentados na dissertação em dois capítulos. O primeiro investigou três espécies de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis e E. cloeziana) e o segundo dois morfotipos de pau-brasil (pequeno e médio). Ambos os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação climatizadas com controle de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado. Sumariamente foram aplicados quatro tratamentos, categorizados como: Ambiente 1 (baixa demanda atmosférica e baixa temperatura; (DPV↓ + T↓), Ambiente 2 (DPV↓ + T↑), Ambiente 3 (DPV↑ + T↑) e Ambiente 4 (DPV↑ + T↓). O primeiro experimento teve duração de 62 dias e o segundo de 125 dias. Ao final de cada experimento foram avaliados paramentos de crescimento (altura, diâmetro, área foliar e massa seca) e de trocas gasosas das plantas. As plantas de C. citriodora, E. camaldulensis e E. cloeziana apresentaram alta eficiência no uso da água e controle estomático quando submetidas ao ambiente de alta demanda atmosférica associada a alta temperatura. Assim, neste ambiente as plantas das espécies apresentaram maiores produção de biomassa e crescimento. As plantas dos morfotipos pequeno e médio de P. echinata, divergiram em crescimento nas condições ambientais avaliadas. O morfotipo pequeno apresentou melhor aclimatação e maior crescimento no ambiente de alta demanda atmosférica com alta temperatura, já o morfotipo médio, apresentou melhor aclimatação e maior crescimento nos ambientes de temperatura mais baixas. Notou-se que a variação climática em demanda atmosférica e temperatura desencadeou diferentes mecanismos de aclimatação fisiológica e crescimento nas espécies eucalipto e pau brasil. Palavras-chave: Climatologia agrícola. Eucalipto. Paubrasilia echinata. Trocas gasosas. Crescimento (Plantas).
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- 2018
36. A Forgotten Century of Brazilwood: The Brazilwood Trade from the Mid-Sixteenth to Mid-Seventeenth Century
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Hodge, C. J. and Hodge, C. J.
- Abstract
The brazilwood trade was the first major economic activity of colonial Brazil, but little research has examined the trade after the middle of the sixteenth century. This study describes the emergence of the trade and the subsequent changes that allowed it to overcome the commonly-cited reasons for its presumed decline within a century of its beginnings, namely coastal deforestation and a shrinking supply of indigenous labor. Examining the brazilwood trade on its own apart from comparisons with sugar reveals an Atlantic commercial activity that thrived into the middle of the seventeenth century., O comércio do pau-brasil foi a primeira atividade econômica do Brasil colonial mas pouca pesquisa tinha examinado o comércio depois o meio do século XVI. Este estudo descreve o surgimento do comércio e as mudanças subsequentes que o permitiu superar as razões citadas para seu presumido declínio em menos de um século do seu início, a saber desmatamento litoral e diminuição da oferta de mão-de-obra indígena. Examinar o comércio do pau-brasil sozinho sem comparações a açúcar revela um comércio atlântico que prosperou até o meio do século XVII.
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- 2018
37. Una provocazione durata un secolo. Leggere Oswald de Andrade, oggi
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Pincherle, MARIA CATERINA
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letteratura brasiliana ,Modernismo ,Oswald de Andrade ,Pau-Brasil ,Manifesto antropofago ,critica - Published
- 2018
38. Karyotype diversity and 2C DNA content in species of the Caesalpinia group
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Margarete Magalhães Souza, Polliana Silva Rodrigues, Telma Nair Santana Pereira, Ronan Xavier Corrêa, and Cláusio Antônio Ferreira de Melo
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0106 biological sciences ,Genetic Markers ,Subfamily ,Caesalpinioideae ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Karyotype ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Fluorescent in situ hybridization ,Phylogenetics ,Genetics ,medicine ,CMA3 +/DAPI− ,Flow cytometry ,Caesalpinia ,Genetics (clinical) ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Phylogeny ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Pau-Brasil ,Chromosome ,Chromosome Mapping ,Genetic Variation ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:Genetics ,CMA3+/DAPI− ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Brazil ,Genome, Plant ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Fluorescence in situ hybridization ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The Leguminosae family is the third-largest family of angiosperms, and Caesalpinioideae is its second-largest subfamily. A great number of species (approximately 205) are found in the Caesalpinia group within this subfamily; together with these species’ phenotypic plasticity and the similarities in their morphological descriptors, make this a complex group for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the karyotypic diversity and the 2C DNA content variation in 10 species of the Caesalpinia group, representing six genera: Paubrasilia, Caesalpinia, Cenostigma, Poincianella, Erythrostemon and Libidibia. The GC-rich heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites (which are used as chromosome markers) were located to evaluate the karyotype diversity in the clade. The variation in the 2C DNA content was determined through flow cytometry. Results The fluorochrome banding indicated that the chromomycin A3 +/4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole− blocks were exclusively in the terminal regions of the chromosomes, coinciding with 45S rDNA sites in all analyzed species. Physical mapping of the species (through fluorescence in situ hybridization) revealed variation in the size of the hybridization signals and in the number and distribution of the 45S rDNA sites. All hybridization sites were in the terminal regions of the chromosomes. In addition, all species had a hybridization site in the fourth chromosome pair. The 2C DNA content ranged from 1.54 pg in Erythrostemon calycina to 2.82 pg in the Paubrasilia echinata large-leaf variant. The Pa. echinata small-leaf variant was isolated from the other leaf variants through Scoot-Knott clustering. Conclusions The chromosome diversity and the variation in the 2C DNA content reinforce that the actual taxonomy and clustering of the analyzed taxa requires more genera that were previously proposed. This fact indicates that taxonomy, phylogeny and cytoevolutionary inference related to the complex Caesalpinia group have to be done through integrative evaluation.
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- 2017
39. Avaliação do efeito bioinseticida de isolados do complexo de espécies Fusarium inacarnatum-equiseti combinados a extratos de Paubrasilia echinata no controle de Dactylopius opuntiae
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DINIZ, Athaline Gonçalves, TIAGO, Patricia Vieira, and LEÃO, Mariele Porto Carneiro
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Cochonilha ,Pau-brasil ,Fungos como agentes no controle biológico de pragas - Abstract
CNPq A palma forrageira (Opuntiae fícus-indica), adaptada às condições semiáridas da região Nordeste e utilizada na alimentação de animais, vem sofrendo com os danos ocasionados pela ação da cochonilha do carmim (Dactylopius opuntiae), inseto-praga que se alimenta da seiva vegetal acarretando a morte de plantações inteiras. Para o controle deste inseto os agricultores fazem uso de agrotóxicos, porém devido aos riscos decorrentes da utilização destes produtos, buscam-se alternativas de controle eficientes, seguras e de baixo custo. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência de extratos de Paubrasila echinata (=Caesalpinia echinata) combinados a cinco isolados do complexo de espécies de Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) no controle da cochonilha do carmim in vitro e em casa de vegetação. Os extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico foram preparados na concentração a 30% e diluídos para as concentrações de 5, 10 e 20%. A influência dos extratos sobre os isolados do FIESC foi avaliada por meio da germinação, crescimento vegetativo e esporulação, seguindo-se da ánalise de compatibilidade pelo cálculo do Índice Biológico. Foram selecionados os seguintes tratamentos para os testes de patogenicidade contra o inseto: URM6777 + extrato aquoso 5%, URM6779 + extrato aquoso 20%, URM6776 e URM6777 + extrato hidroalcoólico 5% e URM6779 + extrato hidroalcoólico 20%. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A combinação dos isolados do FIESC a extratos de P. echinata obtive valores de mortalidade inferiores aos registrados pelo uso individual dos isolados. No bioensaio in vitro com extrato aquoso os maiores valores de mortalidade corrigida foram obtidos pelo emprego individual dos isolados URM6779 (89,26 %) e URM6777 (88,99%). O mesmo ocorreu para o extrato hidroalcoólico, destacando-se o isolado URM6777 com mortalidade corrigida de 86,77%. Em casa de vegetação, o isolado URM6779 apresentou o maior valor de mortalidade corrigida (76,26%). The forage palm (Opuntiae fícus-indica), adapted to the semi-arid conditions of the Northeast region and used in the feeding of animals, has been suffering from the damage caused by the action of the cochineal scale (Dactylopius opuntiae), an insect-plague that feeds on vegetable sap Resulting in the death of entire plantations. For the control of this insect the farmers make use of agrochemicals, however due to the risks arising from the use of these products, efficient, safe and low cost alternatives of control are sought. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze the efficiency of extracts of Paubrasila echinata (= Caesalpinia echinata) combined with five isolates of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) species complex in the control of cochineal scale in vitro and at greenhouse. The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared at the 30% concentration and diluted to the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20%. The influence of the extracts on the FIESC isolates was evaluated through germination, vegetative growth and sporulation, followed by the analysis of compatibility by calculation of the Biological Index. The following treatments were selected for the pathogenicity tests against the insect: URM6777 + 5% aqueous extract, URM6779 + 20% aqueous extract, URM6776 and URM6777 + 5% hydroalcoholic extract and URM6779 + 20% hydroalcoholic extract. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The combination of the FIESC isolates with P. echinata extracts obtained lower mortality values than those recorded by individual isolates. In the in vitro bioassay with aqueous extract the highest values of corrected mortality were obtained by the individual use of the isolates URM6779 (89.26%) and URM6777 (88.99%). The same occurred for the hydroalcoholic extract, standing out the isolate URM6777 with corrected mortality of 86.77%. In the greenhouse, isolate URM6779 had the highest corrected mortality (76.26%).
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- 2017
40. Pau-Brasil, l’arbre qui donna son nom au Brésil
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Lami, Raphaël, Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela, Tourneroche, Anne, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Pau-Brasil ,Caesalpinia echinata ,Mata atlântica ,Paubrasilia echinata ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Bois-Brésil ,Brésil - Abstract
Le pau-brasil ou bois-brésil est l’arbre qui a donné son nom au Brésil. Au cœur du commerce transatlantique dès le XVIème siècle, surexploité pour ses propriétés tinctoriales, essentiel pour la fabrication des archets, il est aujourd’hui en voie de disparition. C’est un symbole du déboisement sauvage des forêts tropicales.
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- 2017
41. Differences in anatomy and potential hydraulic conductivity between root and stem of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Fabaceae)
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Eduardo Luiz Longui, Edenise Segala Alves, and Diego Romeiro
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sapwood ,pau brasil ,water transport ,Water transport ,biology ,Axial parenchyma ,anatomia da madeira ,Fabaceae ,pau-brasil ,biology.organism_classification ,cerne ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,transporte de água ,Horticulture ,Hydraulic conductivity ,lcsh:Botany ,wood anatomy ,Botany ,Mechanical strength ,alburno ,Water conductivity ,Caesalpinia ,heartwood - Abstract
We investigated the root and stem wood of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. to test the hypothesis that there are anatomical and water conductivity differences between both organs. Three trees about 20 years old were sampled in the Reserva Biológica de Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo State, Brazil. We observed quantitative anatomical differences between the root, heartwood, and sapwood of C. echinata that result in differences in water conductivity. The sapwood has higher potential hydraulic conductivity than the heartwood (when functional), and root. The higher proportion of axial parenchyma in the root could contribute to the storage of starch and water in unfavorable periods, which is important to the osmotic regulation of the daily water deficits, avoiding cavitation. The stem of C. echinata probably has a higher mechanical strength than the root due to its fibers with thicker wall. Investigamos o lenho da raiz e caule de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. para testar a hipótese de que há diferenças na anatomia e condutividade hidráulica nesses órgãos. Três árvores com cerca de 20 anos de idade foram coletadas na Reserva Biológica de Mogi Guaçu, SP, Brasil. Observamos diferenças na estrutura anatômica da raiz, cerne e alburno de C. echinata que podem resultar em diferenças na condutividade hidráulica. O alburno apresentou maior condutividade hidráulica quando comparado ao cerne, quando esse estava ativo, e raiz. A raiz apresenta maior proporção de parênquima axial, que pode contribuir no armazenamento de amido e água em períodos desfavoráveis e contribuir na regulação osmótica no déficit de água diário, evitando a cavitação. O caule de C. echinata provavelmente tem maior resistência mecânica do que a raiz devido à presença de fibras com paredes mais espessas.
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- 2012
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42. Rooting cuttings of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. In hydroponic system
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Valeri, Sérgio Valiengo [UNESP], de Sá, Ariadne Felício Lopo [UNESP], Martins, Antonio Baldo Geraldo [UNESP], Barbosa, José Carlos [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
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lcsh:Agriculture ,rooting ,auxina ,lcsh:S ,ácido indolbutírico ,indole-3-butyric acid ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Brazil wood ,pau-brasil ,enraizamento ,lcsh:Forestry ,auxin - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000306369600002.pdf: 1753810 bytes, checksum: d9fc2e6d52b24e0f4ce611a1df01dc22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:51:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000306369600002.pdf: 1753810 bytes, checksum: d9fc2e6d52b24e0f4ce611a1df01dc22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000306369600002.pdf: 1753810 bytes, checksum: d9fc2e6d52b24e0f4ce611a1df01dc22 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000306369600002.pdf: 1753810 bytes, checksum: d9fc2e6d52b24e0f4ce611a1df01dc22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 This study aimed to determine the indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) requirement and proper concentration for Caesalpinia echinata rooting in a hydroponic system for plantlet production. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the 'Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias', UNESP, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo state. The vegetal material consisted of 160 stem cuttings that were 11 to 12 cm in length with two pairs of leaves, prepared from young seedlings. The cutting bases were treated by slow immersion in 5% ethanol solution containing 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 of IBA during 14 hours and by fast immersion in 50% ethanol solution containing 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg L-1 of IBA during 5 seconds. The cuttings were maintained in the hydroponic system for 90 days and, for additional 90 days in plastic bags containing substrate (Plantmax (R)) under intermittent mist. After 90 and 180 days of rooting, the percentage of cuttings that survived, the rooting percentage and the number and length of adventious root were evaluated. Cuttings should be treated with IBA at 100 mg L-1 for 14 hours and placed to root in a hydroponic system. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Prod Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Agron Prod Vegetal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Prod Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Agron Prod Vegetal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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- 2012
43. Meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes de nitrogênio na regulação da calogênese do pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.)
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Liana Holda Golin Mengarda, Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol, Wagner A. Vendrame, Elias Terra Werner, and Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez
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Somatic embryogenesis ,biology ,Chemistry ,Callus formation ,calos ,in vitro ,fitorreguladores ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,nitrogênio ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,competência ,Murashige and Skoog medium ,Callus ,Botany ,Brazilwood ,Pau-brasil ,Kinetin ,Caesalpinia ,determinação ,Explant culture - Abstract
A regulação da calogênese é o primeiro passo para a embriogênese somática indireta in vitro. Nesse sentido, foram investigados os efeitos de diferentes meios de cultura, reguladores de crescimento e fontes nitrogenadas no desenvolvimento de calos em tecidos foliares de Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil). Explantes foliares foram cultivados em meios de cultura MS, B5, White e WPM. Testou-se, também, o efeito dos compostos nitrogenados (NH4NO3, KNO3 e glutamina) e a interação entre auxinas (2,4-D, AIA e AIB) e citocininas (BAP e KIN) na desdiferenciação celular indicado pela formação de calos. Os meios MS, B5 e White não foram significantemente diferentes e proporcionaram melhores resultados. Em meio MS contendo as fontes nitrogenadas 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 e 1,35 g L-1 glutamina + 4,11 g L-1 de KNO3 na presença de 1,0 mg L-1 2,4-D e 5,0 mg L-1 BAP ocorreu maior proliferação celular indicada pela massa fresca dos calos. As combinações dos reguladores 0,5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 5 mg L-1 BAP e 0,5 mg L-1 AIB + 5,0 mg L-1 BAP suplementado com 2,4 g L-1 NH4NO3 em meio MS estimularam o crescimento dos calos. De maneira geral, os calos apresentaram aspectos friáveis, não embriogênicos, com acúmulo de fenóis e presença de áreas meristemáticas (meristemóides).
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- 2010
- Full Text
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44. Effects of nutrient omission in Caesalpinia echinata plants
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Sérgio Valiengo Valeri, Luiz Gustavo Ennes Pizzaia, Ariadne Felício Lopo de Sá, Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Nutritional deficiency ,biology ,forestal nutrition ,Potassium ,Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Forestry ,Brazil wood ,pau-brasil ,biology.organism_classification ,nutrição florestal ,brazilwood ,Horticulture ,deficiência nutricional ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Diagnosis ,Brazilwood ,Botany ,Shoot ,Dry matter ,Caesalpinia ,Plant nutrition ,diagnose - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-77602014000100010.pdf: 342399 bytes, checksum: 40de8c98cccc20cbe7f21b84287fb8bc (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, as alterações morfológicas e a composição mineral de plantas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata) decorrentes da omissão de nutrientes pela técnica do elemento faltante em experimento em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos: testemunha (solo natural), completo (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn e Zn), e adubação com omissão de cada um dos nutrientes do tratamento completo e cinco repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por uma planta em vaso contendo 7 dm³ de Neossolo Quartzarênico. Foram avaliados sintomas visuais de deficiência nutricional, altura, diâmetro do caule, matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas, incluindo caule, ramos e folhas e teor dos nutrientes nas folhas. A omissão de nitrogênio em Neossolo Quartzarênico limitou o crescimento em altura e a produção de biomassa da parte aérea das plantas de pau-brasil. Os primeiros sintomas de deficiência nutricional foram decorrentes da omissão de N, em seguida apareceram os sintomas de P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu e Mn e, mais tardiamente, os sintomas da deficiência de K e B. Para cada nutriente, houve diferença entre as médias de teores nas folhas em função dos tratamentos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the morphological alterations and the mineral composition of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata) plants caused by mineral nutrients omission in a green house experiment. The experimental units were distributed in the green house according to a completely random design. The treatments, each repeated five times, were the following : check (natural soil), complete (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn) and a complete solution but for the omission of one of the nutrients in parenthesis. Each plot was represented by a plant growing in a 7 dm3 vase filled with Quartzarenic Neosol. The analyzed variables were the following: visual nutritional deficiency symptoms, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, stem, branches and leaves included, and leaf nutrients level. The omission of nitrogen limited plant growth in height and shoot biomass production. The first visual deficiency symptoms were those due to N omission followed by those caused by P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, and Mn omissions. Later on the K and B deficiency symptoms became visible. The omission of a nutrient always caused its level in the leaves to be significantly lower than that found when it was not omitted. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista
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- 2014
45. Caracterização da ontogenética do pau-brasil
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Zani, Liliane Baldan, Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias, Matsumoto, Silvia Jamie, Spaggiari, Carlos Alberto, and Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini
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Parede celular vegetal ,Botânica ,Mata Atlântica ,Pau-brasil ,Ecofisiologia vegetal ,Ontogenia - Abstract
Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2015-01-07T18:47:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-03-03T21:34:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T21:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 As ações de reflorestamento com o pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) depende de informações de suas características ecofisiológicas sujeitas às variações ontogenéticas e ambientais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar alguns aspectos morfológicos, anatômicos, fisiológicos e estruturais de parede celular de C. echinata nas fases juvenil, jovem e adulto em condições naturais em um fragmento da Floresta Atlântica. Foi analisada a biometria, concentração de nutrientes e dos pigmentos cloroplastídicos dos foliólulos, anatomia foliar e do xilema secundário do caule e a constituição dos polímeros estruturais de parede celular. Os indivíduos juvenis localizados no estrato inferior da floresta se destacaram pela maior área foliar específica e maiores teores de pigmentos cloroplastídicos bem como pelas maiores dimensões de suas células guardas associado às maiores concentrações de K e Ca foliar. Estruturalmente, os indivíduos juvenis apresentaram menores elementos de vasos e teores de lignina. Os indivíduos jovens apresentaram valores intermediários das variáveis analisadas. Já os indivíduos adultos, cujas copas alcançavam o dossel, se destacaram pelo maior espessamento do limbo, da cutícula e do parênquima lacunoso, teor de água foliar, densidade estomática e teor de lignina foliar e caulinar cuja capacidade de síntese foi associada ao maior teor de P foliar. O conteúdo de celulose foliar e caulinar não variou entre as diferentes fases ontogenéticas. As hemiceluloses são do tipo xilanos com possibilidade de presença de xiloglucano dada a maior fração de xilose (±12% MS) e galactose (±1% MS). A glucose foi o monossacarídeo mais representativo (±40% MS) sem diferenças ontogenéticas. As diferenças morfológicas, anatômicas, fisiológicas e estruturais parecem, também, estarem sob controle da irradiância mais intensa na copa dos indivíduos adultos. Os resultados denotam que o plantio consorciado com espécies de crescimento rápido seja a melhor ação para o reflorestamento de C. echinata. The reforestation with Brazil wood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) depends upon information from their ecophysiological characteristics subject to the ontogenetic and environmental variations. The objective of this study was to characterize some morphological, anatomical, physiological and structural aspects of the cell wall of C. echinata in juvenile, young and adult phases in natural conditions in a fragment of Atlantic Forest. Biometrics, nutrient concentration and of pigments chloroplastidic, anatomy leaf and stem secondary xylem and and the constitution of cell wall structural polymers was analyzed. The juveniles in the lower stratum of the forest have stood out by the higher specific leaf area and higher pigment contents and the cells larger guards provided by the higher concentrations of foliar K and Ca. Structurally the juveniles had lower vessel elements and lignin. The young individuals showed intermediate values of the variables analyzed. Have the adults, whose crowns reached the canopy, stood out for greater thickening of the limbus, cuticle and spongy parenchyma, leaf water content, stomatal density and lignin content of leaf and stem whose synthesis capacity was possibly stimulated by higher content of P leaf. The content of leaf and stem cellulose did not vary between the different ontogenetic phases. The hemicelluloses are the xylans type with the possibility of the presence of xyloglucan given the larger fraction of xylose (± 12% DM) and galactose (± 1% DM). Glucose was the most representative monosaccharide (± 40% DM) without ontogenetic differences. The morphological, anatomical, physiological and structural differences also seem to be under control of more intense irradiance in the canopy of mature individuals. The results denote that the associated planting with fast growing species is the best action for reforestation C. echinata.
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- 2014
46. Karyotype diversity and 2C DNA content in species of the <italic>Caesalpinia</italic> group.
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Rodrigues, Polliana Silva, Souza, Margarete Magalhães, Melo, Cláusio Antônio Ferreira, Pereira, Telma Nair Santana, and Corrêa, Ronan Xavier
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LEGUMES ,ANGIOSPERMS ,CAESALPINIACEAE ,CAESALPINIA ,KARYOTYPES ,PLANT genetics - Abstract
Background: The Leguminosae family is the third-largest family of angiosperms, and Caesalpinioideae is its second-largest subfamily. A great number of species (approximately 205) are found in the
Caesalpinia group within this subfamily; together with these species' phenotypic plasticity and the similarities in their morphological descriptors, make this a complex group for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the karyotypic diversity and the 2C DNA content variation in 10 species of theCaesalpinia group, representing six genera:Paubrasilia ,Caesalpinia, Cenostigma ,Poincianella ,Erythrostemon andLibidibia . The GC-rich heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites (which are used as chromosome markers) were located to evaluate the karyotype diversity in the clade. The variation in the 2C DNA content was determined through flow cytometry. Results: The fluorochrome banding indicated that the chromomycin A3 + /4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole− blocks were exclusively in the terminal regions of the chromosomes, coinciding with 45S rDNA sites in all analyzed species. Physical mapping of the species (through fluorescence in situ hybridization) revealed variation in the size of the hybridization signals and in the number and distribution of the 45S rDNA sites. All hybridization sites were in the terminal regions of the chromosomes. In addition, all species had a hybridization site in the fourth chromosome pair. The 2C DNA content ranged from 1.54 pg inErythrostemon calycina to 2.82 pg in thePaubrasilia echinata large-leaf variant. ThePa. echinata small-leaf variant was isolated from the other leaf variants through Scoot-Knott clustering. Conclusions: The chromosome diversity and the variation in the 2C DNA content reinforce that the actual taxonomy and clustering of the analyzed taxa requires more genera that were previously proposed. This fact indicates that taxonomy, phylogeny and cytoevolutionary inference related to the complexCaesalpinia group have to be done through integrative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
47. Woods with physical, mechanical and acoustic properties similar to those of Caesalpinia echinata have high potential as alternative woods for bow makers
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Alves, Edenise Segala
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PAU-BRASIL - Published
- 2014
48. Sub-zero temperature enables storage of seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam
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Juliana Iura de Oliveira Mello, Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo-Ribeiro, and Claudio José Barbedo
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congelamento ,conservação ,leguminosae ,pau-brasil ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Seeds of brazilwood usually have their germinability quickly reduced if stored under natural conditions. Low temperatures, mainly sub-zero, can extend this viability for at least two years. However, there is no information about the germination behavior of these seeds for longer periods, aiming at the germoplasm bank formation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of brazilwood seeds during five-year storage period at 2, 8 and -18 °C. Before storage, seeds were subjected to artificial drying (50 °C) until the moisture content reached 10%. The germination and the normal seedling development of seeds maintained at low temperatures did not differ from other treatment during the first year of storage. However, after two years only seeds stored at -18 °C kept high germination percentage. Seeds stored for five years at -18 °C showed high values of germination and normal seedling development; however, after this period it was possible to identify some symptoms of seed deterioration. Storage at sub-zero temperatures is considered as an important initiative to maintain Caesalpinia echinata seed banks, contributing to the conservation of plant biodiversity.
49. Short storability of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. seeds as a consequence of oxidative processes
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Edmir Vicente Lamarca and Claudio José Barbedo
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armazenamento ,deterioração ,pau-brasil ,respiração de sementes ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The seed bank is one of the strategies for the preservation of endangered species, such as Caesalpinia echinata Lam. In this work we studied the changes in O2 consumption and CO2 release by seeds incubated at different temperatures and water contents, evaluating the deterioration of seeds through germination and tetrazolium tests. Our results demonstrated that the deterioration processes occurring in C. echinata seeds are related to respiration and possibly other oxidative processes, causing the death of embryonic tissues in short periods and loss of seed viability. This characteristic means that seed bank is an alternative for Caesalpinia echinata conservation, however it depends on the control of these oxidative processes.
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- View/download PDF
50. Temperatura sub-zero possibilita o armazenamento de sementes de Caesalpinia echinata Lam
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Juliana Iura de Oliveira Mello, Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo-Ribeiro, and Claudio José Barbedo
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biology ,conservation ,food and beverages ,lcsh:Plant culture ,pau-brasil ,biology.organism_classification ,freezing ,Horticulture ,brazilwood ,Germination ,Seedling ,congelamento ,Brazilwood ,Botany ,Leguminosae ,leguminosae ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,conservação ,Zero temperature ,Caesalpinia ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content - Abstract
Seeds of brazilwood usually have their germinability quickly reduced if stored under natural conditions. Low temperatures, mainly sub-zero, can extend this viability for at least two years. However, there is no information about the germination behavior of these seeds for longer periods, aiming at the germoplasm bank formation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of brazilwood seeds during five-year storage period at 2, 8 and -18 °C. Before storage, seeds were subjected to artificial drying (50 °C) until the moisture content reached 10%. The germination and the normal seedling development of seeds maintained at low temperatures did not differ from other treatment during the first year of storage. However, after two years only seeds stored at -18 °C kept high germination percentage. Seeds stored for five years at -18 °C showed high values of germination and normal seedling development; however, after this period it was possible to identify some symptoms of seed deterioration. Storage at sub-zero temperatures is considered as an important initiative to maintain Caesalpinia echinata seed banks, contributing to the conservation of plant biodiversity. Sementes de pau-brasil geralmente têm sua germinação rapidamente reduzida quando armazenadas em condições naturais. As temperaturas baixas, principalmente inferiores a 0 ºC, podem estender essa viabilidade por até dois anos. No entanto, não há informações sobre a germinação de sementes dessa espécie, quando submetidas a períodos mais longos de armazenamento, visando à formação de banco de germoplasma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade de sementes de pau-brasil durante o armazenamento por cinco anos em câmaras com temperaturas de 2, 8 ou -18 °C. Antes do armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas a secagem artificial (50 °C) até atingirem 10% de água. A germinação e o desenvolvimento de plântulas a partir de sementes mantidas em ambiente com temperaturas inferiores a 0 ºC não foram diferentes dos demais tratamentos, durante o primeiro ano de armazenagem. No entanto, após dois anos, as armazenadas a -18 °C mantiveram porcentagem de germinação superior às conservadas nas demais temperaturas. Sementes armazenadas por cinco anos a -18 °C apresentaram valores elevados de germinação, com elevada porcentagem de desenvolvimento das plântulas, porém com indícios de início de deterioração. O armazenamento em temperaturas inferiores a 0 ºC pode ser uma ferramenta importante para manutenção de bancos de sementes de Caesalpinia echinata, contribuindo para a conservação da biodiversidade vegetal.
- Published
- 2013
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