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Introduction: This study aims to evaluate parental acceptance of dental treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The present study is a case‐control study with 80 children in the age range of 6–11 years. Group I consisted of children diagnosed with CP and Group II consisted of children without any Special Health Care Needs and systemic conditions. Preoperative and postoperative behavior assessment was done using Frankl's behavior Rating Scale. 38 % SDF application was done in any one primary molar with occlusal dentinal caries. A well‐designed validated structured questionnaire with 10 questions was developed to assess the parental acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The questionnaire comprised 10 close‐ended questions with subdivisions on socio‐demographic details, the reason for the previous and current dental visit, and acceptance of dental treatment with SDF. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26, IBM, Chicago, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (n) and percentage (%). The chi‐square test was used for qualitative analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The number of children showing positive behavior on Frankl's behavior Rating Scale increased from 55% to 70% after dental treatment with SDF and this difference was statistically significant in Group I (p‐value < 0.001). 87.5% of parents in Group I had accepted the discoloration caused after dental treatment with SDF compared to 80% in Group II. In Group I, 95% of parents agreed strongly, while in Group II, 82.5% agreed strongly that SDF can be done on un‐cooperative and special health care needs children. This difference in agreement seen between parents of Group I and Group II was found to be statistically significant (p‐value = 0.02). Also, the acceptance of SDF was found to be higher in parents who were educationally more qualified in Group I. This difference in the acceptance level of SDF seen based on the educational status of parents was statistically significant (p‐value < 0.001). Conclusion: Parental acceptance of SDF for dental treatment was higher in Group I (children with CP) as a greater number of parents accepted dental treatment despite discoloration with the modality being noninvasive and less time‐consuming. Improved behavior rating was observed among children in both groups after dental treatment with SDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is on the rise due to the current Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Spine is the most common osseous site, followed by other joints. TB identified in the elbow accounts for 2%-5% of skeletal TB cases, which are secondary to pulmonary TB. Primary elbow TB is rare. We report a case of primary TB of the elbow which had a negative synovial biopsy. A 46-year-old right-hand dominant female patient with chronic pain and disability of the right elbow was diagnosed with chronic non-specific arthritis based on an arthroscopic synovial biopsy. The case was diagnosed retrospectively as active TB from bone cuts post total elbow arthroplasty. Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) was given postoperatively for 12 months. The patient reported good functional outcomes at 3 years of follow-up. Such atypical presentations of osteoarticular TB are challenging to diagnose. Therefore, particularly in endemic areas, clinicians should be careful before excluding such a diagnosis even after a negative biopsy. Further research should investigate whether active TB of small joints such as the elbow can be treated with ATT, and early arthroplasty should be a focus of this research.

Background: The treatment for acromioclavicular joint injuries (ACJI) ranges from a conservative approach to extensive surgical reconstruction, and the decision on how to manage these injuries depends on the grade of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, resources, and skill availability. After a thorough review of the literature, the researchers adopted a simple cost-effective technique of AC joint reconstruction for acute ACJI requiring surgery., Methods: This was a prospective single-center study conducted between April 2017 and April 2018. For patients with acute ACJI more than Rockwood grade 3, the researchers performed open coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using synthetic sutures along with an Endobutton and a figure of 8 button plate. This was followed by AC ligament repair augmenting it with temporary percutaneous AC K-wires. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Murley shoulder score., Results: Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The immediate postoperative radiograph showed an anatomical reduction of the AC joint dislocation in all patients. During follow-up, one patient developed subluxation but was asymptomatic. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range, 24-35 months). The mean Constant score at 24 months was 95. No AC joint degeneration was noted in follow-up X-rays. The follow-up X-rays showed significant infra-clavicular calcification in 11 of the 17 patients, which was an evidence of a healed coracoclavicular ligament post-surgery., Conclusions: This study presents a simple cost-effective technique with a short learning curve for anatomic reconstruction of acute ACJI. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.