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4. A Pregnancy and Postnatal RCT Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Overweight/Obesity: The PAIGE2 Study.

Author

Kemp, Bridie J, Kelly, Bronagh, Cupples, Georgina, Fleck, Olwen, McAuley, Emma, Creighton, Rachel M, Wallace, Helen, Graham, Una, Mulligan, Ciara, Kennedy, Adele, Patterson, Chris C, and McCance, David R

Subjects
GESTATIONAL diabetes, WEIGHT loss, PREGNANT women, BODY mass index, MATERNAL health services
Abstract

Objective This study examined the influence of a pregnancy and postnatal multicomponent lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight/obesity from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal. The primary outcome was weight at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Methods The study involved 235 pregnant women with GDM and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 during pregnancy. Intervention components included an educational session, activity tracker (Fitbit), monthly phone calls, weekly motivational text messages, 12-week voucher for a commercial weight management organization and anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements taken at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postnatal. The control group received routine local maternity care. Results A mean weight change of −2.0 (SD 7.1) kg was observed in the intervention group compared with −0.6 (SD 8.0) kg in the control group, difference −1.4 (95% CI −4.4, 1.5) kg from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal, but this was not statistically significant (P =.34). Neither were significant differences obtained for any secondary outcomes: BMI −0.6 (−1.6, 0.5) kg/m2, WC −1.0 (−5.1, 3.2) cm and FPG 0.07 (−0.15, 0.29) mmol/L. Conclusion This lifestyle intervention among women with overweight/obesity and GDM resulted in a statistically nonsignificant 1.4 kg greater weight loss compared with routine care at 12 months postnatal. Further research is needed to understand how the different components of this lifestyle intervention might be better applied to elicit more successful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on blood pressure and lipids: a pooled analysis of six randomised controlled fruit and vegetable intervention trials.

Author

Elsahoryi, Nour A, Neville, Charlotte E, Patterson, Chris C, McKinley, Michelle C, Baldrick, Francina R, Mulligan, Ciara, McCall, Damian O, Noad, Rebecca L, Rooney, Ciara, Wallace, Ian, McEvoy, Claire T, Hunter, Steven, McCance, David R, Edgar, David J, Elborn, Stuart J, McKeown, Pascal P, Young, Ian S, Moore, Rachel E, Nugent, Anne P, and Woodside, Jayne V

Subjects
FRUIT, SELF-evaluation, FOOD consumption, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, BODY mass index, LIPIDS, SCIENTIFIC observation, META-analysis, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, CHI-squared test, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, VEGETABLES, CHOLESTEROL, BLOOD pressure, MEDICINE, TREATMENT effect heterogeneity, DATA analysis software, REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Background Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown. Objective To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use. Design Across trials, dietary intake was assessed by diet diaries or histories, lipids by routine biochemical methods and BP by automated monitors. Linear regression provided an estimate of the change in lipid profile or BP associated with a one portion increase in self-reported daily FV intake, with interaction terms fitted for medication use. Results The pooled sample included a total of 554 participants (308 males and 246 females). Meta-analysis of regression coefficients revealed no significant change in either systolic or diastolic BP per portion FV increase, although there was significant heterogeneity across trials for systolic BP (I 2 = 73%). Neither adjusting for change in body mass index, nor analysis according to use of anti-hypertensive medication altered the relationship. There was no significant change in lipid profile per portion FV increase, although there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol among those not on lipid-lowering therapy (P  < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). Conclusion Pooled analysis of six individual FV trials showed no impact of increasing intake on BP or lipids, but there was a total cholesterol-lowering effect in those not on lipid-lowering therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Type 1 diabetes incidence in Scotland between 2006 and 2019

Author

Thomson, India, Anderson, Niall H, Bath, Louise, Kiff, Sarah, Patterson, Chris C, Philip, Sam, Waugh, Norman, and Wild, Sarah H

Subjects
Endocrinology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine
Abstract

Aims To describe type 1 diabetes incidence in Scotland between 2006 and 2019.Methods Repeated annual cross-sectional studies of type 1 diabetes incidence were conducted. Incident cases were identified from the Scottish Care Information – Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC), a population-based register of people with diagnosed diabetes derived from primary and secondary care data. Mid-year population estimates for Scotland were used as the denominator to calculate annual incidence with stratification by age and sex. Joinpoint regression was used to investigate whether incidence changed during the study period. Age and sex-specific type 1 diabetes incidence over the whole time period was estimated by quintile of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), an area-based measure, in which Q1 and Q5 denote the most and least deprived fifths of the population respectively with quasi-Poisson regression used to compare incidence for Q5 compared to Q1.Results The median (IQR) age of the study population of 14,564 individuals with incident type 1 diabetes was 24.1 (12.3−42.4) years, 56% were male, 23% were in Q1 and 16% were in Q5. Incidence of T1DM was higher in males than females overall (at around 22 and 17 per 100,000 respectively) and in under 15 year-olds (approximately 40 per 100, 000 in both sexes) than other age groups and was similar across the study period in all strata. There was an inverse association between socio-economic status and type 1 diabetes incidence for 15−29, 30−49 and 50+ year-olds [incidence rate ratio (IRR) for Q5 compared to Q1; IRR (95% CI) 0.52 (0.47 − 0.58), 0.68 (0.61 − 0.76) and 0.53(0.46 − 0.61), respectively] but not for under 15 year-olds [1.02 (0.92 − 1.12)].Conclusion Incidence of type 1 diabetes varies by age, sex and socio-economic status and has remained approximately stable from 2006 to 2019 in Scotland.

Published
2023
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7. A pragmatic lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (PAIGE2): A parallel arm, multicenter randomized controlled trial study protocol

Author

McAuley, Emma, primary, Fleck, Olwen, additional, Cassidy, Laura, additional, Kemp, Bridie J., additional, Cupples, Gina, additional, Kelly, Bronagh, additional, Creighton, Rachel M., additional, Graham, Una, additional, Wallace, Helen, additional, Patterson, Chris C., additional, and McCance, David R., additional

Published
2023
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10. Global estimates of incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents:Results from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas, 10th edition

Author

Ogle, Graham D., James, Steven, Dabelea, Dana, Pihoker, Catherine, Svennson, Jannet, Maniam, Jayanthi, Klatman, Emma L., Patterson, Chris C., Ogle, Graham D., James, Steven, Dabelea, Dana, Pihoker, Catherine, Svennson, Jannet, Maniam, Jayanthi, Klatman, Emma L., and Patterson, Chris C.

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children and adolescents varies widely, and is increasing in many nations. The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation Atlas estimated incident cases in 2021 for 215 countries/territories (“countries”). Methods: Studies on T1D incidence for young people aged 0–19 years were sourced and graded using previously described methods. For countries without studies, data were extrapolated from similar nearby countries. Results: An estimated 108,300 children under 15 years will be diagnosed in 2021, a number rising to 149,500 when the age range extends to under 20 years. The ratio of incidence in 15–19 years compared to those aged 0–14 years was particularly high in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa/Middle East, and in Mexico. Only 97 countries have their own incidence data, with extrapolation required for some very populous nations. Most data published were not recent, with 27 countries (28%) having data in which the last study year was 2015 or afterwards, and 26 (27%) having no data after 1999. Conclusions: Many countries have recent data but there are large gaps globally. Such data are critical for allocation of resources, teaching, training, and advocacy. All countries are encouraged to collect and publish current data.

Published
2022

19. Neurodevelopmental and respiratory follow-up results at 7 years for children from the United Kingdom and Ireland enrolled in a randomized trial of early and late postnatal corticosteroid treatment, systemic and inhaled (the open study of early corticosteroid treatment)

Author

Wilson, Trevor T., Waters, Lorraine, Patterson, Chris C., McCusker, Chris G., Rooney, Nichola M., Marlow, Neil, and Halliday, Henry L.

Subjects
Drug therapy, Usage, Health aspects, Premature infants -- Health aspects -- Drug therapy, Corticosteroid drugs -- Usage -- Health aspects, Lung diseases -- Drug therapy -- Health aspects, Corticosteroids -- Usage -- Health aspects, Infants (Premature) -- Health aspects -- Drug therapy
Abstract

POSTNATAL STEROID THERAPY has been used for many years to wean preterm infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) from mechanical ventilation. (1-3) Systematic reviews have confirmed that postnatal administration of [...], OBJECTIVES. The goals were to compare early school-age neurodevelopmental and Respiratory outcomes for children who were treated with either early (15 days) postnatal corticosteroid therapy and to compare systemic dexamethasone treatment with inhaled budesonide treatment. METHODS. One hundred twenty-seven (84%) of 152 survivors from the United Kingdom and Ireland who were recruited to the Open Study of Early Corticosteroid Treatment, a randomized trial of inhaled and systemic corticosteroid therapy to prevent chronic lung disease, were traced and assessed at a median age of 7 years. Outcome measures were level of disability, presence of cerebral palsy, cognitive ability, behavioral difficulties and competencies, growth, and respiratory symptoms. Results were adjusted for potential confounding variables (gestational age, birth weight, gender, prenatal steroid therapy, method of delivery, Apgar score at 5 minutes, and Clinical Risk Index for Babies score). RESULTS. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups in cognitive ability, behavioral competencies or difficulties, overall disability rates, cerebral palsy, combined outcomes of death or cerebral palsy and death or moderate/ severe disability, growth, respiratory morbidity, or diastolic blood pressure. Those assigned to dexamethasone were more likely to have high systolic blood pressure and to have a diagnosis of asthma than were those assigned to budesonide. CONCLUSIONS. Although postnatal steroid therapy has been associated with poor long-term outcomes, this study failed to show significant differences in cognitive function between dexamethasone- and budesonide-allocated groups. There may be increased systolic blood pressure and a greater likelihood of developing asthma in childhood after postnatal dexamethasone treatment. Key Words preterm, follow-up, glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, systemic dexamethasone, inhaled budesonide, chronic lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, general cognitive ability, cerebral palsy Abbreviations CLD--chronic lung disease GCA--general conceptual ability SDQ--Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire OSECT--Open Study of Early Corticosteroid Treatment CI--confidence interval

Published
2006

22. Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease

Author

Ueda, Hironori, Howson, Joanna M. M., Esposito, Laura, Heward, Joanne, Snook, Chamberlain, Giselle, Rainbow, Daniel B., Hunter, Kara M. D., Smith, Annabel N., Di Genova, Gianfranco, Herr, Mathias H., Dahlman, Ingrid, Payne, Felicity, Smyth, Deborah, Lowe, Christopher, Twells, Rebecca C. J., Howlett, Sarah, Healy, Barry, Nutland, Sarah, Rance, Helen E., Everett, Vin, Smink, Luc J., Lam, Alex C., Cordell, Heather J., Walker, Neil M., Bordin, Cristina, Hulme, John, Motzo, Costantino, Cucca, Francesco, Hess, J. Fred, Metzker, Michael L., Rogers, Jane, Gregory, Simon, Allahabadia, Amit, Nithiyananthan, Ratnasingam, Tuomilehto-Wolf, Eva, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Bingley, Polly, Gillespie, Kathleen M., Undlien, Dag E., Rønningen, Kjersti S., Guja, Cristian, Ionescu-Tîrgovişte, Constantin, Savage, David A., Maxwell, A. Peter, Carson, Dennis J., Patterson, Chris C., Franklyn, Jayne A., Clayton, David G., Peterson, Laurence B., Wicker, Linda S., Todd, John A., and Gough, Stephen C. L.

Published
2003
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23. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and ischemic heart disease

Author

Spence, Mark S., McGlinchey, Paul G., Patterson, Chris C., Allen, Adrian R., Murphy, Gillian, Bayraktutan, Ulvi, Fogarty, Damian G., Evans, Alun E., and McKeown, Pascal P.

Subjects
Genetic polymorphisms -- Research, Nitric oxide -- Research, Myocardial ischemia -- Genetic aspects, Myocardial ischemia -- Risk factors, Health
Published
2004

25. Breast-Feeding and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A pooled analysis of individual participant data from 43 observational studies

Author

Cardwell, Chris R., Stene, Lars C., Ludvigsson, Johnny, Rosenbauer, Joachim, Cinek, Ondrej, Svensson, Jannet, Perez-Bravo, Francisco, Memon, Anjum, Gimeno, Suely G., Wadsworth, Emma J.K., Strotmeyer, Elsa S., Goldacre, Michael J., Radon, Katja, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Parslow, Roger C., Chetwynd, Amanda, Karavanaki, Kyriaki, Brigis, Girts, Pozzilli, Paolo, UrbonaitĖ, Brone, Schober, Edith, Devoti, Gabriele, Sipetic, Sandra, Joner, Geir, Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Constantin, de Beaufort, Carine E., Harrild, Kirsten, Benson, Victoria, Savilahti, Erkki, Ponsonby, Anne-Louise, Salem, Mona, Rabiei, Samira, and Patterson, Chris C.

Published
2012
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28. Interbirth Interval Is Associated With Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Risk

Author

Cardwell, Chris R., Svensson, Jannet, Waldhoer, Thomas, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Sadauskaitė-Kuehne, Vaiva, Roberts, Christine L., Parslow, Roger C., Wadsworth, Emma J.K., Brigis, Girts, Urbonaitė, Brone, Schober, Edith, Devoti, Gabriele, Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Constantin, de Beaufort, Carine E., Soltesz, Gyula, and Patterson, Chris C.

Published
2012
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30. Evidence of association of APOE with age-related macular degeneration - a pooled analysis of 15 studies

Author

McKay, Gareth J., Patterson, Chris C., Chakravarthy, Usha, Dasari, Shilpa, Klaver, Caroline C., Vingerling, Johannes R., Ho, Lintje, de Jong, Paulus T.V.M., Fletcher, Astrid E., Young, Ian S., Seland, Johan H., Rahu, Mati, Soubrane, Gisele, Tomazzoli, Laura, Topouzis, Fotis, Vioque, Jesus, Hingorani, Aroon D., Sofat, Reecha, Dean, Michael, Sawitzke, Julie, Seddon, Johanna M., Peter, Inga, Webster, Andrew R., Moore, Anthony T., Yates, John R.W., Cipriani, Valentina, Fritsche, Lars G., Weber, Bernhard H.F., Keilhauer, Claudia N., Lotery, Andrew J., Ennis, Sarah, Klein, Michael L., Francis, Peter J., Stambolian, Dwight, Orlin, Anton, Gorin, Michael B., Weeks, Daniel E., Kuo, Chia-Ling, Swaroop, Anand, Othman, Mohammad, Kanda, Atsuhiro, Chen, Wei, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Wright, Alan F., Hayward, Caroline, Baird, Paul N., Guymer, Robyn H., Attia, John, Thakkinstian, Ammarin, and Silvestri, Giuliana

Published
2011
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31. Variations in Apolipoprotein E Frequency With Age in a Pooled Analysis of a Large Group of Older People

Author

McKay, Gareth J., Silvestri, Giuliana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Dasari, Shilpa, Fritsche, Lars G., Weber, Bernhard H., Keilhauer, Claudia N., Klein, Michael L., Francis, Peter J., Klaver, Caroline C., Vingerling, Johannes R., Ho, Lintje, De Jong, Paulus T. D. V., Dean, Michael, Sawitzke, Julie, Baird, Paul N., Guymer, Robyn H., Stambolian, Dwight, Orlin, Anton, Seddon, Johanna M., Peter, Inga, Wright, Alan F., Hayward, Caroline, Lotery, Andrew J., Ennis, Sarah, Gorin, Michael B., Weeks, Daniel E., Kuo, Chia-Ling, Hingorani, Aroon D., Sofat, Reecha, Cipriani, Valentina, Swaroop, Anand, Othman, Mohammad, Kanda, Atsuhiro, Chen, Wei, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Yates, John R., Webster, Andrew R., Moore, Anthony T., Seland, Johan H., Rahu, Mati, Soubrane, Gisele, Tomazzoli, Laura, Topouzis, Fotis, Vioque, Jesus, Young, Ian S., Fletcher, Astrid E., and Patterson, Chris C.

Published
2011
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32. Birth order and childhood type 1 diabetes risk: a pooled analysis of 31 observational studies

Author

Cardwell, Chris R, Stene, Lars C, Joner, Geir, Bulsara, Max K, Cinek, Ondrej, Rosenbauer, Joachim, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Svensson, Jannet, Goldacre, Michael J, Waldhoer, Thomas, Jarosz-Chobot, Przemysława, Gimeno, Suely GA, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Roberts, Christine L, Parslow, Roger C, Wadsworth, Emma JK, Chetwynd, Amanda, Brigis, Girts, Urbonaitė, Brone, Šipetić, Sandra, Schober, Edith, Devoti, Gabriele, Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Constantin, de Beaufort, Carine E, Stoyanov, Denka, Buschard, Karsten, Radon, Katja, Glatthaar, Christopher, and Patterson, Chris C

Published
2011
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33. Association of low plasma antioxidant levels with all-cause mortality and coronary events in healthy middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland in the PRIME study

Author

McKay, Gareth J., primary, Lyner, Natalie, additional, Linden, Gerry J., additional, Kee, Frank, additional, Moitry, Marie, additional, Biasch, Katia, additional, Amouyel, Philippe, additional, Dallongeville, Jean, additional, Bongard, Vanina, additional, Ferrières, Jean, additional, Gey, K. Fred, additional, Patterson, Chris C., additional, and Woodside, Jayne V., additional

Published
2020
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34. Maternal Age at Birth and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 30 Observational Studies

Author

Cardwell, Chris R., Stene, Lars C., Joner, Geir, Bulsara, Max K., Cinek, Ondrej, Rosenbauer, Joachim, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Jané, Mireia, Svensson, Jannet, Goldacre, Michael J., Waldhoer, Thomas, Jarosz-Chobot, Przemysława, Gimeno, Suely G.A., Chuang, Lee-Ming, Parslow, Roger C., Wadsworth, Emma J.K., Chetwynd, Amanda, Pozzilli, Paolo, Brigis, Girts, Urbonaitė, Brone, Šipetić, Sandra, Schober, Edith, Devoti, Gabriele, Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Constantin, de Beaufort, Carine E., Stoyanov, Denka, Buschard, Karsten, and Patterson, Chris C.

Published
2010

45. Maternal vitamin D and neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal glycaemia: Belfast HAPO study

Author

Casey, Claire, McGinty, Ann, Holmes, Valerie A., Patterson, Chris C., Young, Ian S, and McCance, David R

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Anthropometry, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Mothers, Gestational Age, Fasting, Northern Ireland, Glucose Tolerance Test, Fetal Blood, Vitamin D Deficiency, Article, Pregnancy Complications, Diabetes, Gestational, Pregnancy, Hyperglycemia, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Diabetes Mellitus, Birth Weight, Homeostasis, Humans, Female, Vitamin D
Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a common occurrence globally, and particularly so in pregnancy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of vitamin D during pregnancy on non-skeletal health outcomes for both the mother and the neonate. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of maternal total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) with neonatal anthropometrics, and markers of neonatal glycaemia in the Belfast centre of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. Serological samples (n=1585) were obtained from pregnant women in the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland between 24–32 weeks gestation as part of the HAPO study. 25OHD concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cord blood and neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained within 72h of birth. Statistical analysis was performed. Following adjustment for confounders, birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) and birth length SDS were significantly associated with maternal total 25OHD. A doubling of maternal 25OHD at 28 weeks’ gestation was associated with mean birth weight SDS and mean birth length SDS higher by 0.05 and 0.07, respectively (both, p=0.03). There were no significant associations with maternal 25OHD and other measures of neonatal anthropometrics or markers of neonatal glycaemia. In conclusion, maternal total 25OHD during pregnancy was independently associated with several neonatal anthropometric measurements; however, this association was relatively weak.

Published
2018

46. Postnatal Lifestyle Intervention For Overweight Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Holmes, Valerie A, Draffin, Claire R, Patterson, Chris C, Francis, Loraine, Irwin, Joanne, McConnell, Mae, Farrell, Brid, Brennan, Sarah F, McSorley, Oonagh, Wotherspoon, Amy C, Davies, Mark, McCance, David R, and group, PAIGE study

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Weight Gain, Biochemistry, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, Weight loss, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Weight management, Weight Loss, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obesity, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Postpartum Period, medicine.disease, Gestational diabetes, Weight Reduction Programs, Diabetes, Gestational, Treatment Outcome, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Risk Reduction Behavior
Abstract

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a 7-fold increased lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes. Excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention are established predictors of long-term obesity.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of a postnatal lifestyle intervention programme for overweight women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (PAIGE).DesignPostnatal overweight women with previous GDM participated in a multi-center randomized controlled trial between June 2013 and December 2014. The intervention comprised a one-hour educational programme, a free three-month referral to a commercial weight management organization (Slimming World), a pedometer and structured telephone and text support, in addition to usual care. The control group received usual care only. The primary outcome was weight loss at 6 months.ResultsA total of 60 women were randomized (29 intervention; 31 control) in two centers based on their week of attendance. The intervention group demonstrated significant weight loss at 6 months post-randomization: mean (SD) 3.9(±7.0)kg, compared with the control group: mean 0.7(±3.8)kg, p=0.02. No significant difference was observed in blood glucose levels. With respect to wellbeing measures, a significant reduction in bodily pain was observed in the intervention group (P=0.007).ConclusionsPAIGE resulted in significantly greater weight loss at 6 months compared with usual care. Such weight loss could prove beneficial in terms of better long-term health and subsequent prevention of type 2 diabetes in overweight women with previous GDM. Future interventions need to consider recruitment strategies, timing of the intervention and the inclusion of partners and/or other family members.

Published
2018
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47. Effect of Moderate Red Wine versus Vodka Consumption on Inflammatory Markers Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Randomized Crossover Study

Author

Wotherspoon, Amy, primary, Elshahat, Sarah, additional, McAlinden, Nicholas, additional, Dean, Katrina, additional, Young, Ian S., additional, Sharpe, Peter C., additional, Blankenburg, Stefan, additional, Patterson, Chris C., additional, McKinley, Michelle C., additional, Evans, Alun, additional, and Woodside, Jayne V., additional

Published
2019
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50. Effect of B-group vitamins and antioxidant vitamins on hyperhomocysteinemia: a double-blind, randomized, factorial-design, controlled trial

Author

Woodside, Jayne V., Yarnell, John W.G., McMaster, Dorothy, Young, Ian S., Harmon, Dawn L., McCrum, Evelyn E., Patterson, Chris C., Gey, K. Fred, Whitehead, Alexander S., and Evans, Alun

Subjects
Homocysteine -- Health aspects, Vitamin B complex -- Physiological aspects, Antioxidants -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is accepted as a risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. In a population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, we screened a group of clinically healthy working men aged 30-49 y (n = 509) for plasma homocysteine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype status. Those with mildly elevated homocysteine concentrations ([is greater than or equal to] 8.34 [micro]mol/L) were selected for intervention. In a randomized, factorial-design, controlled trial we assessed the effects of B-group vitamins and antioxidant vitamin supplementation on homocysteine concentrations. The 132 men were randomly assigned to one of four groups: supplementation with B-group vitamins alone (1 mg folic acid, 7.2 mg pyridoxine, and 0.02 mg cyanocobalamin), antioxidant vitamins alone (150 mg ascorbic acid, 67 mg RRR-[Alpha]-tocopherol, and 9 mg [Beta]-carotene), B-group vitamins with antioxidant vitamins, or placebo. Intervention was double-blind. A total of 101 men completed the 8-wk intervention. When homocysteine concentrations were analyzed by group, significant (P [is less than] 0.001) decreases (32.0% and 30.0%, respectively) were observed in both groups receiving B-group vitamins either with or without antioxidants. The effect of B-group vitamins alone over 8 wk was a reduction in homocysteine concentrations of 27.9% (95% CI: 22.0%, 33.3%; P [is less than] 0.001) whereas antioxidants alone produced a nonsignificant increase of 5.1% (95% CI: -2.8%, 13.6%; P = 0.21). There was no evidence of any interaction between the two groups of vitamins. The effect of B-group vitamin supplementation seemed to depend on MTHFR genotype. Supplementation with the B-group vitamins with or without antioxidants reduced homocysteine in the men with mildly elevated concentrations, and hence may be effective in reducing cardiovascular risk. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:858-66.

Published
1998

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