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In this paper, we report grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations performed to characterize the adsorption of four linear alcohol molecules, comprising between two and five carbon atoms (namely, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol) on crystalline ice in a temperature range typical of the Earth's troposphere. The adsorption details analyzed at 228 K show that, at low coverage of the ice surface, the polar head of the adsorbed molecules tends to optimize its hydrogen bonding with the surrounding water, whereas the aliphatic chain lies more or less parallel to the ice surface. With increasing coverage, the lateral interactions between the adsorbed alcohol molecules lead to the reorientation of the aliphatic chains that tend to become perpendicular to the surface; the adsorbed molecules pointing thus their terminal methyl group up to the gas phase. When compared to the experimental data, the simulated and measured isotherms show a very good agreement, although a small temperature shift between simulations and experiments could be inferred from simulations at various temperatures. In addition, this agreement appears to be better for ethanol and n-propanol than for n-butanol and n-pentanol, especially at the highest pressures investigated, pointing to a possible slight underestimation of the lateral interactions between the largest alcohol molecules by the interaction potential model used. Nevertheless, the global accuracy of the approach used, as tested under tropospheric conditions, opens the way for its use in modeling studies also relevant to another (e.g., astrophysical) context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen molecules at the surface of four forms of solid water is investigated by means of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The trapping ability of crystalline Ih and low-density amorphous ices, along with clathrate hydrates of structures I and II, is compared at temperatures relevant for astrophysics. It is shown that when considering a gas phase that contains mixtures of carbon monoxide and nitrogen, the trapping of carbon monoxide is favored with respect to nitrogen at the surface of all solids, irrespective of the temperature. The results of the calculations also indicate that some amounts of molecules can be incorporated in the bulk of the water structures, and the molecular selectivity of the incorporation process is investigated. Again, it is shown that incorporation of carbon monoxide is favored with respect to nitrogen in most of the situations considered here. In addition, the conclusions of the present simulations emphasize the importance of the strength of the interactions between the guest molecules and the water network. They indicate that the accuracy of the corresponding interaction potentials is a key point, especially for simulating clathrate selectivity. This highlights the necessity of having interaction potential models that are transferable to different water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we characterise the adsorption of ethylene, propanol and hexanal molecules on crystalline ice by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations performed at 236 K, a temperature which is typical of some Enceladus' environments. We show that at low coverage of the ice surface, the adsorption of propanol and hexanal is driven by the interaction of these molecules with the ice phase and, as a consequence, the adsorbed molecules lie more or less parallel to the ice surface. On the other hand, upon saturation, the adsorbate–adsorbate interactions become more and more important and the molecules tend to become tilted with respect to the surface, the aliphatic chain pointing towards the gas phase, while the polar head of propanol and hexanal molecules always stays attached to the ice surface, irrespective of the coverage. By contrast, the ethylene molecules do not show any strong affinity for the ice surface because of the corresponding weak binding energy. These results are in good agreement with the major features provided by the available experiments on similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen molecules at the surface of four forms of solid water is investigated by means of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The trapping ability of crystalline Ih and low-density amorphous ices, along with clathrate hydrates of structures I and II, is compared at temperatures relevant for astrophysics. It is shown that when considering a gas phase that contains mixtures of carbon monoxide and nitrogen, the trapping of carbon monoxide is favored with respect to nitrogen at the surface of all solids, irrespective of the temperature. The results of the calculations also indicate that some amounts of molecules can be incorporated in the bulk of the water structures, and the molecular selectivity of the incorporation process is investigated. Again, it is shown that incorporation of carbon monoxide is favored with respect to nitrogen in most of the situations considered here. In addition, the conclusions of the present simulations emphasize the importance of the strength of the interactions between the guest molecules and the water network. They indicate that the accuracy of the corresponding interaction potentials is a key point, especially for simulating clathrate selectivity. This highlights the necessity of having interaction potential models that are transferable to different water environments.