Search

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of unknown etiology. Diagnosis of MS is primarily based on detection of myelin damage by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classification of demyelination according to the McDonald Criteria. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) has been shown to affect the onset and progression of MS via its immunomodulating properties. The role of vitamin D in MS pathogenesis and treatment deserves further investigation, as there is sufficient evidence to suggest a correlation between vitamin D blood level and brain MRI lesion load. State of knowledge Elevated blood vitamin D concentration is linked with demyelination, as determined by T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Blood vitamin D blood levels are affected by sun exposure, among other factors; however, there is no evident connection between abnormalities in myelination and seasonality. Vitamin D supplementation among MS patients has been associated with a lower probability of new lesions and loss of existing lesion volume, as observed seen in T1-weighted MRI scans (p=0.03). An increase in TGF-beta levels was noted among patients using vitamin D supplementation, which may suggest a mechanism by which cholecalciferol may improve MS prognosis. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) exhibited an inverse correlation between vitamin D concentration and risk of new lesions as seen in T2-weighted MRI scans. Moreover, vitamin D intake among these patients lowered the risk of progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). Daily intake of vitamin D during fingolimod treatment correlated strongly with lower numbers of new lesions. High dose vitamin D supplementation during interferon beta-1a treatment was linked to lower mean percentage of lesions compared with volume pre-treatment seen by T2-weighted MRI. Results Recent findings advocate for the monitoring of vitamin D blood levels in MS patients. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered in both MS patients and patients with CIS, where other signs of disease may be delayed. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation appears to lower the likelihood of new demyelination changes apparent in MRI examinations.

Introduction. The rearrangement of the gene encoding ROS protooncogene (ROS1) is observed in a very small percentage (1–2%) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical characteristics of ROS1-positive patients are similar to those observed in the group of patients with ALK gene rearrangement. Detection of ROS1 gene rearrangement is an extremely important predictive factor enabling the use of crizotinib in the 1st line of NSCLC patients with stage IIIB or IV. Due to the addition of crizotinib to the list of reimbursed drugs from January 2019, the analysis of this genetic change should be part of a molecular tests panel performed in patients with locally advanced and advanced NSCLC in the qualification for molecularly targeted treatment. Aim of the study. Analysis of ROS1 gene rearrangement incidence among NSCLC patients in stage IIIB or IV qualified for molecularly targeted therapies. Presentation of methodological difficulties with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique which is used to detect ROS1 genetic abnormality. Materials and methods. The analysis of ROS1 gene rearrangement was carried out using fluorescent in situ hybridization technique in tissue samples taken from 573 NSCLC patients of non-squamous cell type during routine pathomorphological diagnostics. Results. The material obtained from the tumor was fixed in formalin and archived in paraffin. Histological material was obtained from 408 patients, and 165 — cytological (cytoblock). A reliable (diagnostic) result of the ROS1 gene rearrangement was obtained in 439 patients (76.61%). The main difficulties for ROS1 gene analysis were low number of cancer cells, as well as high background fluorescence interference and fragmentation of cell nuclei. ROS1 gene rearrangement was detected in 9 patients with adenocarcinoma (1.57% among all patients), including 5 men and 4 women. In 19 patients, other abnormalities regarding the ROS1 gene were observed, primarily the polysomy of the examined ROS1 gene fragment (3.32%). Polysomy did not coexist with the ROS1 rearrangement. Conclusion. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is a useful tool in detecting ROS1 gene rearrangement. The test can be performed in both histological and cytological material (cytoblock). However, the correct fixation of the material and the appropriate number of tumor cells in the tested samples is extremely important for obtaining a reliable result.

Sławiński Mirosław A., Jarosz Piotr M., Jasielski Patryk, Zarobkiewicz Michał K., Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina, Jodłowska-Jędrych Barbara. The awareness of Polish society about bee pollen and its health-promoting properties - preliminary assessment of factors determined bee pollen supplementation in survey-based study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport.2020;10(9):820-829. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.099 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.099 https://zenodo.org/record/4053747 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.09.2020. Revised: 27.09.2020. Accepted: 27.09.2020. The awareness of Polish society about bee pollen and its health-promoting properties - preliminary assessment of factors determined bee pollen supplementation in survey-based study Mirosław A. Sławiński [1], Piotr M. Jarosz [1], Patryk Jasielski [1], Michał K. Zarobkiewicz [1], Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda [1], Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych [1] Mirosław A. Sławiński: miroslaw.slawinski92@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0001-8025-4745 Piotr M. Jarosz; pjarosz196@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0003-0489-2600; Patryk Jasielski; patryk.jasielski111@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-0958-735X Michał K. Zarobkiewicz; michal.zarobkiewicz@umlub.pl; ORCID: 0000-0003-0788-6353 Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda; ewelina.wawryk-gawda@umlub.pl; ORCID: 0000-0001-6914-6735 Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych; barbara.jodlowska-jedrych@umlub.pl; ORCID: 0000-0003-3483-8752 Affiliations: 1. Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland Abstract: Introduction: The apiculture is an old and long-established craft. Bee pollen is a flower pollen packed by bees and used as a food source for a hive. Mainly, it consists of simple sugars, protein, fatty acid but also minerals and vitamins. Bee pollen has multiple properties: antioxidative, antineoplastic, antibacterial and much more. It is commonly used by herbalists in treatment of certain medical conditions. Nevertheless, it is unsure whether bee pollen has any health benefits. Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess initially a knowledge of respondents about bee pollen and find out which factors can determine bee pollen supplementation. Materials and methods: The study was based on an on-line questionnaire, which was created by using Google Forms tool. It consisted of 27 both open and closed questions. Anonymity and resignation opportunity were warranted. The statistical analysis based on questionnaires were elaborated by using R custom script.The Pearson Chi-square test was applied to investigate the relationship between bee pollen usage and: (a) gender, (b) body mass index (BMI) and (c) living area. Results: The study was based on questionnaires given to 511 respondents, 153 of them were represented by men, whereas 358 by women. The 403 respondents gathered what was bee pollen. Bee pollen has been used by 123 persons (24% of respondents). Majority of respondents knew what bee pollen is. However, only one third of this group already used this product in their diet. People who took bee pollen had awareness about the advantages of this dietary supplement. Interestingly, Chi-square test analysis showed that the relationship between bee pollen usage and gender, as well as bee pollen usage and BMI is statistically significant. Contrary, there is no relationship between bee pollen and living area. Conclusions: Our study has highlighted the issue of this problem area among polish society. Quarter of respondents have ever used bee pollen as a part of their diet. Current results show that polish society has been able to have the knowledge about its beneficial properties, because of their declaration submitted to our survey. Keywords: bee pollen; survey; health; dietary supplement

RockaAgata, Madras Dominika, Piędel Faustyna, Jasielski Patryk, Szumna Klaudia. Does SSRI have a neuroprotective effect in patent after ischemic stroke?Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(8):32-39. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.08.004 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.08.004 https://zenodo.org/record/3968188 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.07.2020. Revised: 25.07.2020. Accepted: 30.07.2020. Does SSRI have a neuroprotective effect in patent after ischemic stroke? Agata Rocka1, Dominika Madras1, Faustyna Piędel1, Patryk Jasielski1, Klaudia Szumna1 1Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland Agata Rocka; agatarocka2@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0003-4738-3160 Dominika Madras; dkmadras@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0002-1777-4403 Faustyna Piędel; faustyna.piedel@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0002-8280-498X Patryk Jasielski; patryk.jasielski111@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-0958-735X Klaudia Szumna; klaudiadaria.szumna@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0002-0889-2627 SUMMARY Introduction and purpose: Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of all stroke cases, with recurrence rates of around 12% within the first year, rising to around 30% within five years. Thrombolytic therapy based on the intravenous administration of rtPA (recombinant plasminogen activator) is the only treatment that has been proven to improve treatment outcomes after ischemic stroke. New methods that would increase the number of motor function returns are still being sought. A brief description of the state of knowledge: SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used primarily in the treatment of depression and emotional lability after stroke. Many clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that SSRIs have a beneficial effect on the outcomes of stroke patients. Our work is a brief overview of the current knowledge and clinical trials conducted. Review of the available literature using the PubMed database. Search criteria for scientific articles published from 2010 to 2020, search term: "SSRI ischaemic stroke". Ultimately, 12 randomized clinical trials were analyzed (3 articles apply for one study). One of the studies does not have unequivocal results. Conclusions:The safety of SSRIs in stroke patients has been confirmed. Further multi-center studies are required to investigate the neuroprotective role of SSRIs. Keywords: SSRI, stroke, neuroprotective effect

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a life-threatening clinical condition, usually requiring immediate intervention involving the removal of a foreign body from the airways during bronchoscopy. Relevant history taking is a very important element in the diagnosis of FBA. Lack of information about the child’s choking episode may delay making the correct diagnosis, and increase the risk of long-term complications of foreign body retention in the airways, including recurrent pneumonia. The case is presented of a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumonia three times in four months. FBA was diagnosed after performing additional laboratory tests, imaging tests, and repeated history taking from the boy. The case report highlights the need for FBA suspicion if symptoms of pneumonia recur or persist despite proper treatment, even if insufficient evidence of FBA is provided in the initial interview.

Szumna Klaudia, Piędel Faustyna, Jasielski Patryk, Habaj Kamila, Grosman Sylwia, Filip Agata. Cancer Stem Cells as a new promising approach of efficient oncological treatment - the review of literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(9):115‑120. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.013 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.013 https://zenodo.org/record/4016679 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.08.2020. Revised: 15.08.2020. Accepted: 06.09.2020. Cancer Stem Cells as a new promising approach of efficient oncological treatment - the review of literature Klaudia Szumna1, Faustyna Piędel1, Patryk Jasielski1, Kamila Habaj1, SylwiaGrosman1, Agata Filip2 Student's Association of Cancer Genetics in Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory. Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory. Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Klaudia Szumna; ORCID:0000-0002-0889-2627; klaudiadaria.szumna@gmail.com Faustyna Piędel; ORCID:0000-0002-8280-498X; faustyna.piedel@gmail.com Patryk Jasielski; ORCID: 0000-0002-0958-735X; patryk.jasielski111@gmail.com Sylwia Grosman; ORCID: 0000-0003-2126-6011; s.grosman@op.pl Kamila Habaj; ORCID: 0000-0002-1733-8046; habajkamila@gmail.com Agata Filip; ORCID: 0000-0001-7591-5887; A.filip@umlub.pl Summary: Introduction and purpose: For many years a lot of research projects have been conducted with the aim to discover special cells, which are responsible for a neoplasm development. One of the theories concerns cancer stem cells (CSCs). This theory presumes the existence of original, undifferentiated cancer cells. These cells are capable of transform to all types of cells in neoplasm mass. The purpose of this study was to review the currently available data about the theory of CSCs and especially potential usage of this theory in oncological treatment. Pubmed and Scopus databases from the last 10 years were searched for phrase “cancer stem cells”. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Impaired signaling pathways lead to an occurrence of CSCs which may contribute to the development of neoplasm eventually. It is proved, that gamma secretase inhibitors impede Notch signaling pathway, which leads to a decrease of tumour markers expression and consequently decline in vivo tumour growth. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histones alteration and RNA orientation are pivotal regulators of CSCs. It was shown, that histone deacetylases (HDAC) modulate refractoriness on chemotherapy in haematological tumours. It is also evidenced that peculiar designed microRNA directly inhibit CD44 which suppresses prostatic cancer stem cells and its metastases. CSCs have high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) including breast and colon cancer, which proclaims in favour of immunotherapy aimed on CSCs. Conclusions: Constantly growing knowledge about CSCs biology is creating new opportunities of detection, isolation and design of the therapies aimed on CSCs. Key words: Cancer stem cells, elective treatment, chemotherapy, remission.

Citicoline is a chemical compound involved in the synthesis of cell membranes. It also has other, not yet explained functions. Research on the use of citicoline is conducted in neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry. Citicoline is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is often used to enhance cognitive functions. In our article, accessible databases were searched for articles regarding citicoline use in neurological diseases. This article has a systemic review form. After rejecting non-eligible reports, 47 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that citicoline has been proven to be a useful compound in preventing dementia progression. It also enhances cognitive functions among healthy individuals and improves prognosis after stroke. In an animal model of nerve damage and neuropathy, citicoline stimulated regeneration and lessened pain. Among patients who underwent brain trauma, citicoline has an unclear clinical effect. Citicoline has a wide range of effects and could be an essential substance in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Its positive impact on learning and cognitive functions among the healthy population is also worth noting.

Madras Dominika, Rocka Agata, Szumna Klaudia, Jasielski Patryk, Piędel Faustyna. The use of the PD-1 / PD-L1 pathway as an immunotherapy in oncological diseases, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(4):113-124. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.04.013 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.04.013 https://zenodo.org/record/3749864 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2020. Revised: 25.03.2020. Accepted: 13.04.2020. The use of the PD-1 / PD-L1 pathway as an immunotherapy in oncological diseases, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases Dominika Madras1, Agata Rocka1, Klaudia Szumna1, Patryk Jasielski1, Faustyna Piędel1 1Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin, Poland Dominika Madras; dkmadras@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0002-1777-4403 Agata Rocka; agatarocka2@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0003-4738-3160 Klaudia Szumna; klaudiadaria.szumna@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0002-0889-2627 Patryk Jasielski; patryk.jasielski111@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0002-0958-735X Faustyna Piędel; faustyna.piedel@gmail.com; ORCID:0000-0002-8280-498X Summary Introduction: PD-1 is programmed death receptor 1 belonging to the CD28 family of receptors. Immune cells have this receptor on their surface. PD-L1 allows cancer cells to avoid the host's response. Connection to the PD-1 receptor leads to the death of the immune cell. Objective: The use of PD-1 receptors in the treatment of oncological, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: The development and progression of immunotherapy in recent years has resulted in the approval of five immunotherapy pathways targeting PD-1 (pembrolizumab and durvalumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, nivolumab and avelumab) in patients with progression during or after cisplatin based chemotherapy. The latest updates show that in some types of cancer, positive PD-L1 expression has an effect on treatment effect and qualification. These therapies are used, among others in melanoma, lymphomas, kidney cancer or breast cancer. PD-1 is also used to treat autoimmune and infectious diseases. Conclusions: Understanding the mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway allows to design targeted therapy for individuals. It has been already used in NSCLC treatment program, whether bladder cancer or melanoma. Immunotherapy increases the survival time of patients with advanced stages of cancer. The therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in autoimmune and infectious diseases are in clinical trials. Key words: programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1); programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1); immunotherapy, oncology; autoimmunology; infectious diseases

Introduction and objective. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease caused by damage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord. The cause of the disease is unclear, but it is probably correlated with dysregulation of the immunological system, as well as non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Unfortunately, there is no cure for MS. However, the course of the condition has been shown to be modifiable by treatment and various environmental factors. Cigarette smoking is one of the most common addictions around the world, and may be a key modifiable risk factor in MS. Here, we review data available on Pubmed and Scopus from the last 10 years. The following consecutive key words were used in our search: “multiple sclerosis”, “smoking”, “cigarette”, “impact”, “progression”, and “tobacco”. This search yielded 248 initial articles, 43 of which were included in our review. Current state of knowledge. In our review, we have examined the impact of smoking on the immunology, course, treatment, relapse, recurrence, quality of life, and changes visualised on MRI among patients with MS in general. We have also explored these patterns in MS subtypes. In general, smoking is reported to have negative effects on MS, including a decrease in quality of life, as well as cognitive and mental state, and an increase in disability, as well as in the frequency of relapses and recurrences. Clinical implications. Smoking has a widespread negative impact on patients with MS. Thus, it is important to educate patients and to help them to give up smoking to improve their health and quality of life. Future directions. Further research about the impact of smoking and nicotine on MS and other neurodegenerative diseases is needed; in particular, research on e-cigarettes.