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Introduction: People with diabetes are more likely to experience major health issues like cataracts and diabetic retinopathy, and persistently high blood sugar levels can cause serious conditions that leads to vision loss in order to avoid this, it is crucial to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of diabetes mellitus patients. Prolonged high blood glucose absorption in the lens of the eye, which leads to changes in its shape, resulting in vision changes. Cataracts are still the biggest cause of blindness worldwide, and this is especially true in India. Objectives 1. To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding cataract and its management among diabetic mellitus patients at IMS and SUM hospital 2. To find out association of level of knowledge and attitude regarding cataract and its management with selected socio-demographical variables among diabetic mellitus patients at IMS and SUM hospital. Methodology: It was a quantitative study conducted among 383 subjects who visited endocrinology OPD, IMS & SUM hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha selected descriptive, quantitative study through purposive sampling technique. It was assumed that the margin of error is 5%. The data was collected by standardized socio demographic questionnaire, knowledge and attitude questionnaire. Results: The finding shows that maximum samples between age group 51-65. This included both the male and female population of 50.7% and 49.3% respectively.. It was observed that 91.9% had a basic knowledge of cataract. 68.9% of the subjects have a positive attitude toward cataract and its management in diabetes mellitus patients. It was observed that there is no significant difference between socio demographic variables with level of knowledge. An association of attitude and socio demographic variables in the subjects put forward that there was significant difference between socio demographic variables like educational status, regular eye check-up, last eye check-up and source of information and that of attitude. Conclusion: Although majority of the patients know that DM affects the eye, that leads to cataract. The importance of better control of DM and regular eye examination in the prevention of cataract should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cochlear implants (CIs) for single‐sided deafness (SSD) have only been approved for patients 5 years and older despite data supporting that younger children can also benefit from implantation. This study describes our institution's experience with CI for SSD in children 5 years and younger. Study Design: Case series with chart review. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Methods: A case series with chart review identified 19 patients up to age 5 years who underwent CI for SSD between 2014 and 2022. Baseline characteristics, perioperative complications, device usage, and speech outcomes were collected. Results: The median age at CI was 2.8 (range, 1.0‐5.4) years, with 15 (79%) patients being below age 5 at implantation. Etiologies of hearing loss were idiopathic (n = 8), cytomegalovirus (n = 4), enlarged vestibular aqueduct (n = 3), hypoplastic cochlear nerve (n = 3), and meningitis (n = 1). The median preoperative pure‐tone average was 90 (range, 75‐120) and 20 (range, 5‐35) dB eHL in the poor and better hearing ears, respectively. No patients had postoperative complications. Twelve patients achieved consistent device use (average, 9 h/d). Three of the seven who were not consistent users had hypoplastic cochlear nerves and/or developmental delays. The three patients with available preoperative and postoperative speech testing showed significant benefits, and five patients with available postoperative testing demonstrated speech recognition in the implanted ear when isolated from the better ear. Conclusion: CI can safely be performed in younger children with SSD. Patients and families accept early implantation, as evidenced by consistent device use, and derive notable benefits in speech recognition. Candidacy can be broadened to include SSD patients under age five years, particularly individuals without hypoplastic cochlear nerves or developmental delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report our experience for adults undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) for single‐sided deafness (SSD). Methods: This is a retrospective case series for adults with SSD who underwent CI between January 2013 and May 2021 at our institution. CNC and AzBio speech recognition scores, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12), datalogging, and the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)‐10 Global measure were utilized. Results: Sixty‐six adults underwent CI for SSD (median 51.3 years, range 20.0–74.3 years), and 57 (86.4%) remained device users at last follow‐up. Compared to pre‐operative performance, device users demonstrated significant improvement in speech recognition scores and achieved peak performance at six months post‐activation for CNC (8.0% increased to 45.6%, p < 0.0001) and AzBio in quiet (12.2% increased to 59.5%, p < 0.0001). THI was decreased at 6 months post‐implantation (58.1–14.6, p < 0.0001), with 77% of patients reporting improved or resolved tinnitus. Patients demonstrated improved SSQ12 scores as well as the disease‐specific CIQOL‐10 Global questionnaire. Duration of deafness was not associated with significant differences in speech recognition performance. Average daily wear time was positively associated with CNC and AzBio scores as well as post‐operative CIQOL‐10 scores. Conclusions: Herein we present the largest cohort of adult CI recipients with SSD with data on speech recognition scores, tinnitus measures, and SSQ12. Novel insights regarding the correlation of datalogging, duration of deafness, and CI‐specific quality of life (CIQOL‐10) metrics are discussed. Data continue to support CI as an efficacious treatment option for SSD. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2362–2370, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Serial intralesional steroid injection (SILSI) has been increasingly used to treat idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). Prior studies have shown effectiveness, but not in all patients. This multi‐institutional study evaluates the effect of SILSI on time to recurrent operation, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and dyspnea. Methods: Post‐hoc secondary analysis of the North American Airway Collaborative data were performed to evaluate the outcomes of iSGS patients undergoing and not undergoing SILSI. The primary outcome was time to recurrent operation, evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Secondary outcomes were change in PEF and clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire (CCQ) score. Within patients undergoing SILSI, demographics, time from last procedure, and PEF at initiation of SILSI were evaluated to determine the effect on recurrence. Results: Two hundred and ninety patients were included, 238 undergoing endoscopic dilation alone and 52 undergoing dilation and SILSI. No differences in baseline characteristics were observed. There was no difference in time to recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.64; p = 0.183). There were no differences in PEF or CCQ across the 2.5‐year study period. Among 52 patients undergoing SILSI, PEF at the time of starting SILSI did not affect recurrence (χ2 = 0.09, p = 0.77). Conclusion: Patients undergoing and not undergoing SILSI had similar times to recurrence, PEF, and CCQ. Factors predicting recurrence among patients undergoing SILSI were not identified. These results support a randomized controlled trial with a uniform SILSI protocol to quantify the effects of SILSI on objective and subjective outcomes and help determine which iSGS patients benefit most. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2255–2263, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of otolaryngology programs' social media on residency candidates in the 2020 to 2021 application cycle. Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed via Otomatch, Headmirror, and word of mouth to otolaryngology residency applicants in the 2021 Match. Survey items included demographics, social media usage, and impact of programs' social media on applicant perception and ranking. Descriptive statistics were performed, and responses based on demographic variables were compared using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Of 64 included respondents, nearly all (61/64, 95%) used Facebook, Instagram, and/or Twitter for personal and/or professional purposes. Applicants (59/64, 92%) most commonly researched otolaryngology residency programs on Instagram (55/59, 93%) and Twitter (36/59, 61%), with younger (P = .023) and female (P = .043) applicants being more likely to engage with programs on Instagram. Program accounts were most helpful in showcasing program culture (50/59, 85%) and highlighting its location (34/59, 58%). Nearly one third (19/59, 32%) reported that social media impacted their rank list. Age, gender, reapplication, home program status, or time taken off before and/or during medical school did not significantly influence social media's usefulness in the application cycle. Conclusion: Social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter are frequently used by applicants to assess otolaryngology residency programs. Programs' social media accounts effectively demonstrate program culture and affect applicants' rank lists. As social media usage continues to rise in the medical community, these findings can help otolaryngology residency programs craft a beneficial online presence that aids in recruitment, networking, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: Adjuvant medications including proton pump inhibitors (PPI), antibiotics (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [TMP‐SMX]), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may be prescribed for patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). We describe medication use with endoscopic dilation (ED) or endoscopic resection with medical treatment (ERMT) and evaluate impact on outcomes. Study Design: International, prospective, 3‐year multicenter cohort study of 810 patients with untreated, newly diagnosed, or previously treated iSGS. Methods: Post hoc secondary analysis of prospectively collected North American Airway Collaborative data on outcomes linked with adjuvant medication utilization. Primary outcome was time to recurrent operation, evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Secondary outcomes of change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) and clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire (CCQ) score over 12 months were compared. Results: Sixty‐one of 129 patients undergoing ED received PPI (47%), and 10/143 patients undergoing ED received ICS (7%). TMP‐SMX was used by 87/115 patients (76%) undergoing EMRT. PPI use in the ED group did not affect time to recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–1.88; P =.99) or 12‐month change in PEF (L/min) (median [interquartile range], 12.0 [10.7–12.2] vs. 8.7 [−5.1 to 24.9]; P =.59), but was associated with 12‐month change in CCQ (−0.05 [−0.97 to 0.75] vs. −0.50 [−1.60 to 0.20]; P =.04). ICS did not affect outcome measures. TMP‐SMX use in ERMT did not affect time to recurrence (HR = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.2345–3.023; P =.79), PEF at 12 months (75 [68–89] vs. 81 [68–89]; P =.92), or 12‐month change in CCQ (0.20 [−1.05 to 0.47] vs. −0.30 [−1.00 to 0.10]; P =.45). Conclusion: There is no standard practice for prescribing adjuvant medications. These data do not support that adjuvant medications prolong time to recurrence or increase PEF. Patients with iSGS and gastroesophageal reflux disease may experience some symptom benefit with PPI. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2880–E2886, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To use machine learning and a battery of measures for preoperative prediction of speech recognition and quality of life (QOL) outcomes after cochlear implant (CI) surgery., Design: Demographic, audiologic, cognitive-linguistic, and QOL predictors were collected from 30 postlingually deaf adults before CI surgery. K-means clustering separated patients into groups. Reliable change index scores were computed for speech recognition and QOL from pre-CI to 6 months post-CI, and group differences were determined., Results: Clustering yielded three groups with differences in reliable change index for sentence recognition. One group demonstrated low baseline sentence recognition and only small improvements post-CI, suggesting a group "at risk" for limited benefits. This group showed lower pre-CI scores on verbal learning and memory and lack of musical training., Conclusions: Preoperative assessments can prognosticate CI recipients' postoperative performance and identify individuals at risk for experiencing poor sentence recognition outcomes, which may help guide counseling and rehabilitation., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Ear & Hearing is published on behalf of the American Auditory Society, by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Congenital bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) is a rare but significant cause of morbidity in pediatric otolaryngology. The differential diagnosis is expansive, with common etiologies including birth trauma, brainstem neoplasms, and neurologic disorders. There are few known genetic causes of the condition. This report details the first known case of BVFP secondary to a genetic deficiency in MYOD1, a master transcriptional regulator of skeletal muscle cell specification. Genetics consultation and testing may be a useful adjunct in the workup of congenital BVFP and may help guide prognostication, additional workup, counseling, and clinical decision-making., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.