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2. Chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, Ragusa, Francesca, Elia, Giusy, Mazzi, Valeria, Patrizio, Armando, Ghionzoli, Marco, Varricchi, Gilda, Centanni, Marco, Ulisse, Salvatore, Antonelli, Alessandro, and Fallahi, Poupak

Published
2023
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3. Lactose intolerance and levothyroxine malabsorption: a review of the literature and report of a series of patients treated with liquid L-T4 without lactose

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, primary, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Barozzi, Emilio, additional, Rugani, Licia, additional, Bracchitta, Fabiana, additional, Stoppini, Giulio, additional, Frenzilli, Giada, additional, Baldini, Enke, additional, Virili, Camilla, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2024
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5. Decision Variables for the Use of Radioactive Iodine in Patients with Thyroid Cancer at Intermediate Risk of Recurrence.

Author

Newman, Samantha K., Patrizio, Armando, and Boucai, Laura

Subjects
*RISK assessment, *THYROID gland tumors, *IODINE radioisotopes, *CANCER relapse, *GENOMICS, *DECISION making in clinical medicine, *TUMOR markers, *GLOBULINS, *OVERTREATMENT, *POSTOPERATIVE period, *PATIENTS' attitudes, *COMORBIDITY, *BIOMARKERS, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Simple Summary: The use of radioactive iodine (RAI) for the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer at intermediate risk of recurrence is controversial. Evidence to date has not conclusively proven that there are benefits of this strategy to survival or recurrence after surgery for thyroid cancer. We describe key elements that can help clinicians decide when to prescribe RAI to this group of patients. These include a thorough discussion of the purpose of RAI therapy, better prediction of recurrence risk, the use of tumor markers after surgery, the use of the genetic profile of the tumor when available, and a detailed evaluation of the adverse effects of RAI, patient medical problems, and patient preferences. Integration of these variables will ensure a more comprehensive assessment of the risks and benefits of RAI treatment with the ultimate goal of avoiding overtreatment and reducing harm. The use of radioactive iodine (RAI) after total thyroidectomy for patients at the American Thyroid Association (ATA) who are at intermediate risk of recurrence is controversial. This is due to the lack of prospective randomized trials proving a benefit to recurrence or survival of RAI therapy in this group. In the absence of such evidence, clinicians struggle to recommend for or against this therapeutic approach which frequently results in overtreatment. This review describes key elements in the decision-making process that help clinicians more comprehensively evaluate the need for RAI therapy in patients with thyroid cancer at intermediate risk of recurrence. A clear definition of the purpose of RAI therapy should be conveyed to patients. In this sense, adjuvant RAI therapy intends to decrease recurrence, and ablation therapy is used to facilitate surveillance. Better stratification of the intermediate risk category into a low–intermediate subgroup and an intermediate–high-risk subgroup results in less heterogeneity and a more precise prediction of recurrence risk. The evaluation of post-operative thyroglobulin levels may prevent the overtreatment of low–intermediate-risk patients when their thyroglobulin level is <2.5 ng/mL. the integration of tumor genomics (when available) alongside pathologic features can enhance the ability of the clinician to predict iodine concentration in thyroid cancer cells. Finally, a detailed consideration of the adverse effects of RAI, patients' comorbidities, and patient preferences will result in a patient-centered personalized approach. Systematic examination of these variables will ultimately provide a framework for making more educated decisions on the use of RAI in patients at intermediate risk of recurrence that will prevent overtreatment and minimize harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Recent advances in the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against thyroid cancer.

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, Patrizio, Armando, Stoppini, Giulio, Elia, Giusy, Ragusa, Francesca, Balestri, Eugenia, Botrini, Chiara, Rugani, Licia, Barozzi, Emilio, Mazzi, Valeria, La Motta, Concettina, Antonelli, Alessandro, and Fallahi, Poupak

Subjects
TYROSINE, THYROID cancer, CELL growth, CELL proliferation, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Introduction: Oncogenic tyrosine kinases (TK) are enzymes that play a key role in cell growth and proliferation and their mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and development of aggressive cancer. This knowledge has led to the development of new classes of drugs, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). They target oncogenic kinases who are associated with advanced radioactive iodine (RAI) refractory TC, which is not able to uptake RAI anymore and/or still grows between consecutive treatments with Iodine 131 (I131). Areas covered: Since Lenvatinib and Sorafenib approval, several other molecular inhibitors have been studied and then introduced for the treatment of aggressive and refractory thyroid cancer (TC), and, although the development of adverse effects or tumor resistance mechanisms, more and more compounds are still under investigation. The literature search was executed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant articles and clinical trials published until December 2023. Expert opinion: In the context of clinical trials, driven by the presence of specific molecular mutations or even in the absence of both conditions, systemic therapy TKIs are valuable weapons to be used in patients affected by aggressive forms of TC, waiting for further expansion of the treatment landscape with more efficacious and safer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Liquid L-T4 therapy in hypothyroid patients with gastric diseases, an observational study.

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, Ragusa, Francesca, Patrizio, Armando, Mazzi, Valeria, Botrini, Chiara, Elia, Giusy, Balestri, Eugenia, Barozzi, Emilio, Rugani, Licia, Palmisano, Elena, Cosenza, Maria Carla, Varricchi, Gilda, Ulisse, Salvatore, Benvenga, Salvatore, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, and Antonelli, Alessandro

Subjects
GASTRIC diseases, HYPOTHYROIDISM, HELICOBACTER pylori infections, H2 receptor antagonists, PROTON pump inhibitors, SCIENTIFIC observation
Abstract

Introduction: This is an observational and retrospective study, in which we have analyzed data from patients affected by gastric diseases (p) who have been treated with liquid L-T4 (L-LT4;84 p), or tablet L-T4 (T-LT4;120 p), for the replacement therapy of hypothyroidism. The aim of the study is to compare the stability of TSH [normal range, 0.3-3.5 mIU/ml] in these patients. Methods: All p assumed L-T4 30 minutes before breakfast. The types of gastric disease were: a) T-LT4 group: 74 chronic gastritis (CG); 4 gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GTx); 42 gastro-plastics (GP); b) L-LT4 group: 60 CG; 3 GTx; 21 GP (p>0.05). 66% p in T-LT4 group were chronically treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), against 51% in L-LT4 group (p>0.05). The frequency of Helicobacter Pylori infection was 17% in both T-LT4 and L-LT4 groups. The gender distribution, mean age and body weight were similar in the 2 groups (p>0.05). The mean L-T4 dosage in T-LT4 group at the basal evaluation was 1.22 +/-0.27 mg/kg/die, in the L-LT4 group 1.36+/-0.22 µg/kg/die (p>0.05). Results: At the basal evaluation the prevalence of patients with a TSH>3.5 µIU/mL in T-LT4 group was 36%, in L-LT4 group 46% (p<0.05). After adjustment of the dosage of the LT-4 therapy, the p were re-evaluated in an interval range of 5-9 months, for 4 times, during an overall period ranging from 23 to 31 months. At the first re-evaluation, the prevalence of p with a TSH>3.5 µIU/mL was 13% in both groups. At the second re-evaluation, the prevalence of p with a TSH>3.5 µIU/mL in T-LT4 group was 26%, in L-LT4 group 13% (p>0.05). At the third re-evaluation, the prevalence of p with TSH<3.5 mIU/mL in T-LT4 group was 19%, in L-LT4 group 9% (p=0.05). At the fourth and last re-evaluation, the prevalence of patients with a TSH>3.5 µIU/mL in T-LT4 group was 18%, in L-LT4 group 5% (p<0.05). Mean FT4 and FT3 circulating levels were not significantly different in the two group at each visit. Discussion: These data suggest that the liquid L-T4 formulation therapy can result in a more stable control of TSH levels in hypothyroid patients with gastric disorders in the long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Hypothyroidism and metabolic cardiovascular disease.

Author

Patrizio, Armando, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, Elia, Giusy, Ragusa, Francesca, Balestri, Eugenia, Botrini, Chiara, Rugani, Licia, Mazzi, Valeria, Antonelli, Alessandro, Fallahi, Poupak, and Benvenga, Salvatore

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR system, METABOLIC disorders, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, CARDIOVASCULAR system physiology, HYPOTHYROIDISM, THYROID gland, THYROID hormones, FRAIL elderly
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a major health issue of social and economic relevance. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are very common in the adult population, and both disorders may contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. After a brief description of the role of thyroid hormones (THs) on the physiology of the cardiovascular system and the potential mechanism that links THs alterations with changes in cardiac function, blood pressure, endothelial function, and lipid levels, we review updated data about the clinical impact of overt hypothyroidism (OH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) on CV risk, CVD, andmortality. Furthermore, we summarize the current evidence for treating SCH with levothyroxine (L-T4). Several guidelines of distinguished endocrine societies recommend treatment for SCH with TSH higher than 10 mIU/L, where the benefit of L-T4 therapy is more evident for younger people, but still controversial in those aged over 65 years. Based on current knowledge, more research efforts are needed to better address the clinical management of CV risk and CVD in the elderly affected by SCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Antineoplastic Effect of ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib in Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with STRN–ALK Fusion In Vitro.

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, Ragusa, Francesca, Elia, Giusy, Mazzi, Valeria, Balestri, Eugenia, Botrini, Chiara, Rugani, Licia, Patrizio, Armando, Piaggi, Simona, La Motta, Concettina, Ulisse, Salvatore, Virili, Camilla, Antonelli, Alessandro, and Fallahi, Poupak

Subjects
ANAPLASTIC thyroid cancer, CRIZOTINIB, CELL fusion, ANAPLASTIC lymphoma kinase, CANCER cells, NON-small-cell lung carcinoma
Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and represents <2% of thyroid carcinomas. A therapeutic target for ATC is represented by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, involved in tumor growth. Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the ALK, MET, and ROS1 kinases, approved in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Until now, the effect of crizotinib in "primary human ATC cells" (pATCs) with transforming striatin (STRN)–ALK fusion has not been reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to obtain pATCs with STRN–ALK in vitro and evaluate the in vitro antineoplastic action of crizotinib. Thyroid surgical samples were obtained from 12 ATC patients and 6 controls (who had undergone parathyroidectomy). A total of 10/12 pATC cultures were obtained, 2 of which with transforming STRN–ALK fusion (17%). Crizotinib inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in 3/10 pATC cultures (2 of which with/1 without STRN–ALK), particularly in those with STRN–ALK. Moreover, crizotinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of AF cells (a continuous cell line obtained from primary ATC cells). In conclusion, the antineoplastic activity of crizotinib has been shown in human pATCs (with STRN–ALK) in preclinical studies in vitro, opening the way to future clinical evaluation in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Thyroid Autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, primary, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Varricchi, Gilda, additional, Gragnani, Laura, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Baldini, Enke, additional, Centanni, Marco, additional, Ferri, Clodoveo, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional

Published
2023
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13. FRI487 Oral Liquid L- Thyroxine (L-T4) Is More Effective In Controlling Hypothyroidism, Than L-T4 Tablet, In Patients Submitted To Total Thyroidectomy

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, primary, Martina Ferrari, Silvia, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Materazzi, Gabriele, additional, Rosaria Paparo, Sabrina, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Miccoli, Paolo, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2023
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15. A Prospective, Multicenter Study Examining the Relationship between Thyroid Cancer Treatment Outcomes and the Presence of Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Author

De Leo, Simone, primary, D'Elia, Silvia, additional, Grani, Giorgio, additional, Dondi, Francesco, additional, Bertagna, Francesco, additional, Puxeddu, Efisio, additional, Morelli, Silvia, additional, piovesan, alessandro, additional, Nervo, Alice, additional, Zatelli, Maria Chiara, additional, Gagliardi, Irene, additional, Samà, Maria Teresa, additional, Aimaretti, Gianluca, additional, Crocetti, Umberto, additional, Massa, Michela, additional, Deandrea, Maurilio, additional, Retta, Francesca, additional, Pagano, Loredana, additional, Rossi, Mattia, additional, Solaroli, Erica, additional, Pezzullo, Luciano, additional, Chiofalo, Maria Grazia, additional, pontecorvi, alfredo, additional, Lombardi, Celestino Pio, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Messuti, Ilaria, additional, Magri, Flavia, additional, Spiazzi, Giovanna, additional, Ceresini, Graziano, additional, Bruno, Rocco, additional, Sparano, Clotilde, additional, Centanni, Marco, additional, Crescenzi, Anna, additional, Tallini, Giovanni, additional, Marotta, Vincenzo, additional, Madeo, Bruno, additional, Mian, Caterina, additional, Filetti, Sebastiano, additional, Durante, Cosimo, additional, and Fugazzola, Laura, additional

Published
2023
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16. DICER1 Syndrome: A Multicenter Surgical Experience and Systematic Review

Author

Spinelli, Claudio, primary, Ghionzoli, Marco, additional, Sahli, Linda Idrissi, additional, Guglielmo, Carla, additional, Frascella, Silvia, additional, Romano, Silvia, additional, Ferrari, Carlo, additional, Gennari, Fabrizio, additional, Conzo, Giovanni, additional, Morganti, Riccardo, additional, De Napoli, Luigi, additional, Quaglietta, Lucia, additional, De Martino, Lucia, additional, Picariello, Stefania, additional, Grandone, Anna, additional, Luongo, Caterina, additional, Gambale, Antonella, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional

Published
2023
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17. Thyroid Metastasis from Primary Breast Cancer

Author

Patrizio, Armando, primary, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, Stoppini, Giulio, additional, Palmisano, Elena, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Proietti, Agnese, additional, Famà, Fausto, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Fallahi, Poupak, additional

Published
2023
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18. Simultaneous Occurrence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series with Literature Review.

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, Patrizio, Armando, Stoppini, Giulio, Elia, Giusy, Ragusa, Francesca, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, Balestri, Eugenia, Mazzi, Valeria, Botrini, Chiara, Varricchi, Gilda, Ulisse, Salvatore, Ghionzoli, Marco, Antonelli, Alessandro, and Ferrari, Silvia Martina

Subjects
*PAPILLARY carcinoma, *LITERATURE reviews, *THYROID cancer, *MEDULLARY thyroid carcinoma, *MEDICAL records, *UNIVERSITY hospitals
Abstract

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of differentiated TC, while medullary TC (MTC) accounts for 4%. The concomitant presence of PTC and MTC is rare. Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center observational study conducted over 16 years (2001–2017). The data were collected from the clinical records of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at the Endocrine Unit-Department of Medicine of the University Hospital of Pisa, Italy. Results: Over 690 analyzed cases, 650 (94.2%) were exclusive DTC, 19 exclusive MTC (2.75%) and 5 PTC/MTC (0.7%). No case of mixed medullary/follicular TC or hereditary MTC (familial MTC/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2) was found. Among the five PTC/MTC cases, there was a male prevalence (M:F = 3:2), and all PTC components were at stage I, whereas 40% of MTC were at stage I and III and 20% of MTC were at stage II; microPTC (mPTC) was prevalent (80%) and also microMTCs were frequent (40%); 60% of MTC patients recovered, while 40% of patients developed metastatic disease. The search for germline mutations of the RET gene resulted in being negative in all cases. Conclusions: The incidence of PTC/MTC has been increasing over the past 30 years. The etiology of PTC/MTC forms is still unknown, and although this simultaneous occurrence could be only a coincidence, we cannot exclude the hypothesis of a shared genetic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, primary, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2023
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22. Molecular features of aggressive thyroid cancer

Author

Elia, Giusy, primary, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Rugani, Licia, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Materazzi, Gabriele, additional, Spinelli, Claudio, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, and Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional

Published
2022
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28. Myoinositol in Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Author

Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, primary, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Guarneri, Fabrizio, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Fallahi, Poupak, additional

Published
2022
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29. Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer

Author

Ragusa, Francesca, primary, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Balestri, Eugenia, additional, Botrini, Chiara, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Guglielmi, Giovanni, additional, Foddis, Rudy, additional, Spinelli, Claudio, additional, Ulisse, Salvatore, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Fallahi, Poupak, additional

Published
2022
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32. Primary cell cultures for the personalized therapy in aggressive thyroid cancer of follicular origin

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, primary, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Marone, Gianni, additional, Galdiero, Maria Rosaria, additional, Guglielmi, Giovanni, additional, Foddis, Rudy, additional, Cristaudo, Alfonso, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2022
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36. Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Author

Fallahi, Poupak, primary, Ferrari, Silvia Martina, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Camastra, Stefania, additional, Miccoli, Mario, additional, Cavallini, Gabriella, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2021
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38. Novel treatments for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, primary, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Ruffilli, Ilaria, additional, La Motta, Concettina, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Vita, Roberto, additional, Benvenga, Salvatore, additional, Materazzi, Gabriele, additional, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2020
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39. Evaluating vandetanib in the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer: patient-reported outcomes

Author

Fallahi,Poupak, Ferrari,Silvia Martina, Elia,Giusy, Ragusa,Francesca, Paparo,Sabrina Rosaria, Ruffilli,Ilaria, Patrizio,Armando, Materazzi,Gabriele, and Antonelli,Alessandro

Subjects
Cancer Management and Research
Abstract

Poupak Fallahi,1 Silvia Martina Ferrari,2 Giusy Elia,2 Francesca Ragusa,2 Sabrina Rosaria Paparo,2 Ilaria Ruffilli,2 Armando Patrizio,2 Gabriele Materazzi,3 Alessandro Antonelli21Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 3Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyCorrespondence: Alessandro AntonelliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, Pisa I-56126, ItalyTel +39 05 099 2318Fax +39 05 099 3472Email alessandro.antonelli@med.unipi.itAbstract: Medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs) are neuroendocrine tumors, which secrete calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen, both of which can serve as tumor markers. Extensive and accurate surgical resection is the primary treatment for MTC, whereas the use of external beam radiotherapy is limited. Moreover, since MTC is derived from thyroid parafollicular cells or C cells, it is not responsive to either radioiodine or thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression, and therefore, theycannot be considered as treatment strategies. Traditional therapies for advanced or metastatic progressive medullary thyroid cancer (pMTC) are poorly effective. Among the new approaches tested in clinical trials, targeted chemotherapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now available and they represent effective interventions for progressive disease, with additional investigational options emerging. This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with a pMTC, as it has been shown to improve progression-free survival (30.5 vs 19.3 months in controls). Vandetanib is approved by the FDA and EMA for symptomatic or progressive MTC in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease in adults, adolescents, and children older than 5 years. The most common adverse events in vandetanib-treated patients are diarrhea, rash, folliculitis, nausea, QTc prolongation, hypertension, and fatigue. More data are required to deepen our knowledge on molecular biology of tumor and host defense, with the aim to achieve better prognosis and higher quality of life for affected patients.Keywords: MTC, pediatric MTC, vandetanib, RET, VEGFR, AEs

Published
2019

40. Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C?

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, Fallahi, Poupak, Ruffilli, Ilaria, Elia, Giusy, Ragusa, Francesca, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, Patrizio, Armando, Mazzi, Valeria, Colaci, Michele, Giuggioli, Dilia, Ferri, Clodoveo, and Antonelli, Alessandro

Subjects
Article Subject, immune system diseases, virus diseases, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and “chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection” (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.

Published
2019
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42. Chemokines in hyperthyroidism

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, primary, Ruffilli, Ilaria, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Mazzi, Valeria, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Fallahi, Poupak, additional

Published
2019
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43. Autoimmune Endocrine Dysfunctions Associated with Cancer Immunotherapies

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, primary, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Ruffilli, Ilaria, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Galdiero, Maria Rosaria, additional, Baldini, Enke, additional, Ulisse, Salvatore, additional, Marone, Gianni, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2019
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46. Antineoplastic Effect of Lenvatinib and Vandetanib in Primary Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Obtained From Biopsy or Fine Needle Aspiration

Author

Ferrari, Silvia Martina, primary, La Motta, Concettina, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Ruffilli, Ilaria, additional, Quattrini, Luca, additional, Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria, additional, Piaggi, Simona, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Ulisse, Salvatore, additional, Baldini, Enke, additional, Materazzi, Gabriele, additional, Fallahi, Poupak, additional, and Antonelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2018
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49. Lenvatinib exhibits antineoplastic activity in anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo

Author

Ferrari, Silvia, primary, Bocci, Guido, additional, Di Desidero, Teresa, additional, Elia, Giusy, additional, Ruffilli, Ilaria, additional, Ragusa, Francesca, additional, Orlandi, Paola, additional, Paparo, Sabrina, additional, Patrizio, Armando, additional, Piaggi, Simona, additional, La Motta, Concettina, additional, Ulisse, Salvatore, additional, Baldini, Enke, additional, Materazzi, Gabriele, additional, Miccoli, Paolo, additional, Antonelli, Alessandro, additional, and Fallahi, Poupak, additional

Published
2018
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