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When we think of disaster narratives, we often refer to great collective events, natural catastrophes or anthropic traumas, such as wars and genocides. Sometimes, however, disasters are hidden in individual lives, in the temporal stratifications of the past, in the experience of the generations that preceded us of which we are not aware. We speak in these cases of post-memory, a topic much discussed today both in Memory Studies and in psychoanalytic reflection, which has elaborated the concept of the transpsychic. In this contribution I will examine a literary text - Thésée, sa vie nouvelle by Camille de Toledo - exemplary of this complex memorial passage, its psychic implications, and the difficult elaboration that such painful memories always require.

Abstract Here we describe three cases of sarcoidosis which were diagnosed following COVID infection. Treating clinicians should consider post‐COVID‐19 sarcoidosis in their differential, as it represents a potentially treatable cause of persistent symptomatology.

Introduction: Double occurrence of TTF1 and ΔNp63/p40 (henceforth, p40) within the same individual cells is exceedingly rare in lung cancer. Little is known on their biological and clinical implications. Methods: Two index cases immunoreactive for both p40 and TTF1 and nine tumors selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) according to the mRNA levels of the two relevant genes entered the study. Results: The two index cases were peripherally located, poorly differentiated, and behaviorally unfavorable carcinomas, which shared widespread p40 and TTF1 decoration within the same individual tumor cells. They also retained SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 expression, while variably stained for p53, cytokeratin 5, and programmed death-ligand 1. A subset of basal cells p40+/TTF1+ could be found in normal distal airways. Biphenotypic glandular and squamous differentiation was unveiled by electron microscopy, along with EGFR, RAD51B, CCND3, or NF1 mutations and IGF1R, MYC, CCND1, or CDK2 copy number variations on next-generation sequencing analysis. The nine tumors from TCGA (0.88% of 1018 tumors) shared the same poor prognosis, clinical presentation, and challenging histology and had activated pathways of enhanced angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mutation and copy number variation profiles did not differ from the other TCGA tumors. Conclusions: Double p40+/TTF1+ lung carcinomas are aggressive and likely underrecognized non–small cell carcinomas, whose origin could reside in double-positive distal airway stem-like basal cells through either de novo-basal-like or differentiating cell mechanisms according to a model of epithelial renewal.

Questo articolo cerca di riflettere sulle organizzazioni narrative e discorsive della violenza, proponendo una tipologia semiotica che prende in considerazione due fasi specifiche che corrispondono grosso modo alle categorie di violenza privata vs. pubblica, o collettiva, che hanno diverse Destinazione e forme di Agency.Nel primo caso, esamineremo l’oggetto verso cui è diretta l’azione violenta; nel secondo, le giustificazioni retoriche che il soggetto violento adotta rispetto alla propria azione. Tra le diverse forme di violenza privata, considereremo quelle che sono dirette contro un oggetto individuale. È il caso, per esempio, della violenza domestica, dove un marito che uccide la moglie attiva un sistema di passioni specificamente diretto verso l’oggetto; della violenza verso un oggetto generico, come le azioni su individui considerati come istanze di un certo tipo generale (gruppi minoritari, comunità lgbtqi, ecc.); e della violenza in sé, che non ha un oggetto definito a priori. Nella seconda parte, discuteremo della violenza collettiva, e in particolare delle forme retoriche con cui gli autori giustificano le loro azioni. Analizzeremo anche le diverse strategie enunciative che vengono utilizzate per trasformare le azioni violente in comportamenti giustificabili.

Summary: Background: Severe COVID-19 has a high mortality rate. Comprehensive pathological descriptions of COVID-19 are scarce and limited in scope. We aimed to describe the histopathological findings and viral tropism in patients who died of severe COVID-19. Methods: In this case series, patients were considered eligible if they were older than 18 years, with premortem diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and COVID-19 listed clinically as the direct cause of death. Between March 1 and April 30, 2020, full post-mortem examinations were done on nine patients with confirmed COVID-19, including sampling of all major organs. A limited autopsy was done on one additional patient. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were done, and histopathological findings were reported by subspecialist pathologists. Viral quantitative RT-PCR analysis was done on tissue samples from a subset of patients. Findings: The median age at death of our cohort of ten patients was 73 years (IQR 52–79). Thrombotic features were observed in at least one major organ in all full autopsies, predominantly in the lung (eight [89%] of nine patients), heart (five [56%]), and kidney (four [44%]). Diffuse alveolar damage was the most consistent lung finding (all ten patients); however, organisation was noted in patients with a longer clinical course. We documented lymphocyte depletion (particularly CD8-positive T cells) in haematological organs and haemophagocytosis. Evidence of acute tubular injury was noted in all nine patients examined. Major unexpected findings were acute pancreatitis (two [22%] of nine patients), adrenal micro-infarction (three [33%]), pericarditis (two [22%]), disseminated mucormycosis (one [10%] of ten patients), aortic dissection (one [11%] of nine patients), and marantic endocarditis (one [11%]). Viral genomes were detected outside of the respiratory tract in four of five patients. The presence of subgenomic viral RNA transcripts provided evidence of active viral replication outside the respiratory tract in three of five patients. Interpretation: Our series supports clinical data showing that the four dominant interrelated pathological processes in severe COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage, thrombosis, haemophagocytosis, and immune cell depletion. Additionally, we report here several novel autopsy findings including pancreatitis, pericarditis, adrenal micro-infarction, secondary disseminated mucormycosis, and brain microglial activation, which require additional investigation to understand their role in COVID-19. Funding: Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

The aim of this text is to discuss some problematic aspects of Umberto Eco’s theoretic elaboration, in particular the notions of subjectivity and individuality, rereading his more autobiographic novel The mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. The novel is paralleled with Eco’s theory of subjectivity, showing how some problematic issues at the theoretical level are dealt with only in his fictional writing.

The essay explores the relationship between art – visual arts, installation, sculptures, videos - and traumatic collective memories by analysing a peculiar site of memory: the Parque de la Memoria y de los Derechos Humanos in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After a short introduction aimed at clarifying some of the ways in which a work of art can be called upon to transmit, recount, expose, reflect or work through a traumatic past such as that of the Argentinian state terrorism and the “guerra sucia”, we discuss the space of the Parque along the Rio de la Plata, that includes a monument for the desaparecidos, an actual park with sculptures and installations, a space for temporary exhibitions and an archive. In particular, we devote the second part of the essay to Alfredo Jaar’s 2015 temporary exhibition “El punto ciego de la historia”, in which the Chilean artist dialogue with Argentinian’s past and his own works on the Chilean dictatorship.

Las autoras realizan un análisis de Nassirya, miniserie televisiva que ficcionaliza y conmemora un evento trágico de la historia: la muerte de un contingente de soldados italianos en la guerra de Irak. La memoria del hecho se convierte en recreación y celebración de la identidad italiana, la italianidad, a través de un relato del heroísmo de unos hombres cualesquiera. La ficción transforma a los italianos en fuerzas de paz y opone su sensible humanidad a la corrupción e inhumanidad de los norteamericanos, antagonistas que toman el lugar de un enemigo iraquí, imposible en un relato de paz. El espectador es puesto ante el momento en que la historia se escribe. Y en la construcción de la memoria, realidad y ficción se superponen e intercambian sus lugares.

Microdeletions at exon 19 are the most frequent genetic alterations affecting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and they are strongly associated with response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A series of 116 NSCLC DNA samples investigated by Sanger Sequencing (SS), including 106 samples carrying exon 19 EGFR deletions and 10 without deletions (control samples), were subjected to deep next generation sequencing (NGS). All samples with deletions at SS showed deletions with NGS. No deletions were seen in control cases. In 93 (88%) cases, deletions detected by NGS were exactly corresponding to those identified by SS. In 13 cases (12%) NGS resolved deletions not accurately characterized by SS. In 21 (20%) cases the NGS showed presence of complex (double/multiple) frameshift deletions producing a net in-frame change. In 5 of these cases the SS could not define the exact sequence of mutant alleles, in the other 16 cases the results obtained by SS were conventionally considered as deletions plus insertions. Different interpretative hypotheses for complex mutations are discussed. In 46 (43%) tumors deep NGS showed, for the first time to our knowledge, subpopulations of DNA molecules carrying EGFR deletions different from the main one. Each of these subpopulations accounted for 0.1% to 17% of the genomic DNA in the different tumors investigated. Our findings suggest that a region in exon 19 is highly unstable in a large proportion of patients carrying EGFR deletions. As a corollary to this study, NGS data were compared with those obtained by immunohistochemistry using the 6B6 anti-mutant EGFR antibody. The immunoreaction was E746-A750del specific. In conclusion, NGS analysis of EGFR exon 19 in NSCLCs allowed us to formulate a new interpretative hypothesis for complex mutations and revealed the presence of subpopulations of deletions with potential pathogenetic and clinical impact.

La autora de este texto revisa el origen, naturaleza intertextual, estructura y modelos de identidad autorial y lectora característicos del fenómeno de los blog. El blog es sobre todo resultado de una práctica partticular. El anáisis nos muestra rasgos originales como la temporalidad especial de los blog, su transición de las esperas personales limitadas en la red hacia una autorialidad pública en el mundo editorial, y su capacidad de expresión personal e individual. Concentrándose en la representación femenina en los bloggers, la autora halla que que el creciente numero de bloggers femeninas refleja un complejo encuentro entre deseos y manifestaciones personales en los blog femeninos, que sin embargo tienen un espacio y un público que los sigue fielmente. Dadas las gigantescas dimensiones de la red, el complejo fenómeno de los blogs personales, de valioso peso en la expresión de la subjetividad femenina, produce más bien la clausura en microuniversos limitados y estrechos, más controlables y gestionables por el individuo, fenómeno que caracteriza a muchos blogs de carácter personal. La intertextualidad ilimitada de la “gran conversación” puede así traducirse, en la realidad de las prácticas efectivas, en un universo compuesto de nichos poco comunicantes entre sí, y mucho menos interconectados de lo que se presume.