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1. Characterization of laser ablation of copper in the irradiance regime of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis

Author: J.-C. Hubinois, Dagoberto Cardona, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, J. Picard, Jean-Luc Lacour, O. Musset, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Laser ablation, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Physics::Medical Physics, Irradiance, Plasma, Excitation temperature, Ablation, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, medicine, Physics::Atomic Physics, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The LIBS signal depends both on the ablated mass and on the plasma excitation temperature. These fundamental parameters depend in a complex manner on laser ablation and on laser–plasma coupling. As several works in the literature suggest that laser ablation processes play a predominant role compared to plasma heating phenomena in the LIBS signal variations, this paper focuses on the study of laser ablation. The objective was to determine an interaction regime enabling to maximally control the laser ablation. Nanosecond laser ablation of copper at 266 nm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry analysis, in air at 1 bar and in the vacuum. The laser beam spatial profile at the sample surface was characterized in order to give realistic values of the irradiance. The effect of the number of accumulated laser shots on the crater volume was studied. Then, the ablation crater morphology, volume, depth and diameter were measured as a function of irradiance between 0.35 and 96 GW/cm². Results show that in the vacuum, a regular trend is observed over the whole irradiance range. In air at 1 bar, below a certain irradiance, laser ablation is very similar to the vacuum case, and the ablation efficiency of copper was estimated at 0.15 ± 0.03 atom/photon. Beyond this irradiance, the laser beam propagation is strongly disrupted by the expansion of the dense plasma, and plasma shielding appears. The fraction of laser energy used for laser ablation and for plasma heating is estimated in the different irradiance regimes.
Published: 2014
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2. Development of analytical laser spectroscopy at the French Atomic Energy Commission

Author: A. Semerok, Nadine Coulon, T.-H. Vercouter, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Luc Lacour, Evelyne Vors, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, and Daniel L'Hermite
Subjects: Chemistry, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Engineering physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Atomic energy commission
Published: 2014
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3. Deux exemples d’applications industrielles des lasers. La fabrication des cellules photovoltaïques et la spectroscopie d’émission

Author: François Fariaut, Patrick Mauchien, François Salin, and Philippe Aubourg
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: L’industrie est un grand consommateur de lasers, que ce soit pour l’usinage et la transformation des materiaux ou pour l’instrumentation industrielle. Dans cet article, deux exemples de nouvelles utilisations industrielles de sources lasers sont decrits : • l’usinage applique aux cellules photovoltaiques de haut rendement, pour lesquelles la forte demande commerciale exige des cadences de fabrication elevees ; • la spectroscopie LIBS, qui repond aux nouvelles preoccupations environnementales, ainsi qu’aux exigences industrielles d’optimisation des ressources energetiques.
Published: 2010
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4. Analytical optimization of some parameters of a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy experiment

Author: Béatrice Sallé, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Materials science, Atmospheric pressure, business.industry, Detector, Plasma, Laser, Fluence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Numerical aperture, law.invention, Optics, law, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments are performed on standard metallic samples, in air at atmospheric pressure, using a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm and a fiber located close to the plasma to collect its emission. This configuration is chosen because it is representative of many LIBS setups. The influence of several experimental parameters is studied in order to optimize the analytical performances: signal-to-background ratio (SBR), line intensity and repeatability. Temporal parameters of the detector are adjusted for each measurement to maximize the SBR. The signal is found to linearly depend on the pulse energy over our range of investigation. This behavior is related to the increase of the number of vaporized atoms when the pulse energy increases. Complementary measurements of plasma dimensions support our conclusions. We show the existence of an optimum fluence on the sample that gives the highest signal and the lowest relative standard deviation (RSD), and which does not depend on the pulse energy. Finally we demonstrate that ablation is much more efficient using a laser beam with a high numerical aperture, other experimental parameters being unchanged, because of a less pronounced laser shielding by the plasma. Analytical consequences of this result are discussed.
Published: 2008
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5. Processing of shot-to-shot raw data to improve precision in laser-induced breakdown spectrometry microprobe

Author: Jean-Michel Mermet, Patrick Mauchien, and Jean-Luc Lacour
Subjects: Microprobe, Chemistry, business.industry, Shot noise, Analytical chemistry, Plasma, Mass spectrometry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Matrix (mathematics), Optics, Shot (pellet), law, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: In order to set up the precision limit that can be reached with laser-induced breakdown spectrometry microprobe, a steel sample was scanned by using a 6-µm diameter spot. Besides being close to the limit of the technique, such a spot diameter resulted in a small plasma size that minimized self-absorption effects. To minimize shot noise, Cr and Fe were used as test elements because of their high contents. Scan consisted of 25 successive matrices formed by 5 × 6 shots, i.e. a total of 750 shots. Results were studied as a whole, as well as between matrices and within matrices, to search for inhomogeneity, outliers and drift. Except a few outliers, the main contribution in the experimental RSD was the drift either within a matrix or between matrices. Drift attributed to laser warm up could be compensated for either by using a polynomial fitting or by using the other element. %RSD significantly below 2 were then obtained demonstrating that there is no penalty in terms of precision to perform laser microprobe using a series of single shots.
Published: 2008
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6. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in open-path configuration for the analysis of distant objects

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Sylvestre Maurice, and Béatrice Sallé
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Reflecting telescope, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Lens (optics), Optical axis, Optics, law, Femtosecond, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Beam divergence
Abstract: A review of recent results on stand-off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis and applications is presented. Stand-off LIBS was suggested for elemental analysis of materials located in environments where any physical access was not possible but optical access could be envisaged. This review only refers to the use of the open-path LIBS configuration in which the laser beam and the returning plasma light are transmitted through the atmosphere. It does not present the results obtained with a transportation of the laser pulses to the target through an optical fiber. Open-path stand-off LIBS has mainly been used with nanosecond laser pulses for solid sample analysis at distances of tens of meters. Liquid samples have also been analyzed at distances of a few meters. The distances achievable depend on many parameters including the laser characteristics (pulse energy and power, beam divergence, spatial profile) and the optical system used to focus the pulses at a distance. A large variety of laser focusing systems have been employed for stand-off analysis comprising refracting or reflecting telescope. Efficient collection of the plasma light is also needed to obtain analytically useful signals. For stand-off LIBS analysis, a lens or a mirror is required to increase the solid angle over which the plasma light can be collected. The light collection device can be either at an angle from the laser beam path or collinear with the optical axis of the system used to focus the laser pulses on the target surface. These different configurations have been used depending on the application such as rapid sorting of metal samples, identification of material in nuclear industry, process control and monitoring in metallurgical industry, applications in future planetary missions, detection of environmental contamination or cleaning of objects of cultural heritage. Recent stand-off analyses of metal samples have been reported using femtosecond laser pulses to extend LIBS capabilities to very long distances. The high-power densities achievable with these laser pulses can also induce self-guided filaments in the atmosphere which produce LIBS excitation of a sample. The first results obtained with remote filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy predict sample analysis at kilometer ranges.
Published: 2007
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7. Comparative study of different methodologies for quantitative rock analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in a simulated Martian atmosphere

Author: Sylvestre Maurice, Béatrice Sallé, Gérard Manhès, Patrick Mauchien, Pascal Fichet, Jean-Luc Lacour, Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mars, Mineralogy, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 010309 optics, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Martian, LIBS, Low pressure, Spectrometer, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, Rock
Abstract: International audience; Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was selected by NASA as part of the ChemCam instrument package for the Mars Science Laboratory rover to be launched in 2009. ChemCam's Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument will ablate surface coatings from materials and measure the elemental composition of underlying rocks and soils at distances from 1 up to 10 m. The purpose of our studies is to develop an analytical methodology enabling identification and quantitative analysis of these geological materials in the context of the ChemCam's Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument performance. The study presented here focuses on several terrestrial rock samples which were analyzed by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy at an intermediate stand-off distance (3 m) and in an atmosphere similar to the Martian one (9 mbar CO2). The experimental results highlight the matrix effects and the measurement inaccuracies due to the noise accumulated when low signals are collected with a detector system such as an Echelle spectrometer equipped with an Intensified Charge-Coupled Device camera. Three different methods are evaluated to correct the matrix effects and to obtain quantitative results: by using an external reference sample and normalizing to the sum of all elemental concentrations, by using the internal standardization by oxygen, a major element common to all studied matrices, and by applying the Calibration Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy method. The three tested methods clearly demonstrate that the matrix effects can be corrected merely by taking into account the difference in the amount of vaporized atoms between the rocks, no significant variation in plasma excitation temperatures being observed. The encouraging results obtained by the three methods indicate the possibility of meeting ChemCam project objectives for stand-off quantitative analysis on Mars.
Published: 2006
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8. Ultrashort Pulse Laser Ablation for Surface Elemental Analysis

Author: Patrick Mauchien and Alexandre Semerok
Subjects: X-ray laser, Materials science, Optics, Elemental analysis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Ablation, business, Femtosecond laser ablation, Ultrashort pulse laser
Published: 2005
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9. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: J. P. Grotzinger, D. Y. Sumner, L. C. Kah, K. Stack, S. Gupta, L. Edgar, D. Rubin, K. Lewis, J. Schieber, N. Mangold, R. Milliken, P. G. Conrad, D. DesMarais, J. Farmer, K. Siebach, F. Calef, J. Hurowitz, S. M. McLennan, D. Ming, D. Vaniman, J. Crisp, A. Vasavada, K. S. Edgett, M. Malin, D. Blake, R. Gellert, P. Mahaffy, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, J. A. Grant, S. Wilson, R. C. Anderson, L. Beegle, R. Arvidson, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, M. Rice, J. Bell, J. Griffes, B. Ehlmann, R. B. Anderson, T. F. Bristow, W. E. Dietrich, G. Dromart, J. Eigenbrode, A. Fraeman, C. Hardgrove, K. Herkenhoff, L. Jandura, G. Kocurek, S. Lee, L. A. Leshin, R. Leveille, D. Limonadi, J. Maki, S. McCloskey, M. Meyer, M. Minitti, H. Newsom, D. Oehler, A. Okon, M. Palucis, T. Parker, S. Rowland, M. Schmidt, S. Squyres, A. Steele, E. Stolper, R. Summons, A. Treiman, R. Williams, A. Yingst, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, Jeffrey R. Johnson, David Cremers, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Kenneth Farley, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, David Bish, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Donald Fay, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Arik Posner, Mary Voytek, Andrew Aubrey, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, David Brinza, Lance Christensen, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward Vicenzi, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, Victoria Hamilton, Donald Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, Onno Kortmann, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, Sönke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), US Geological Survey [Santa Cruz], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Princeton University, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Space Remote Sensing Group (ISR-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), NASA Headquarters, Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Hawaii, Brock University [Canada], Cornell University [New York], Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Extraterrestrial Environment, Nitrogen, General Science & Technology, Iron, Curiosity rover, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astrobiology, MSL Science Team, Exobiology, MSL, Martian, Multidisciplinary, fluvial-lacustrine environments, Biosphere, Water, Phosphorus, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Carbon, Oxygen, Planetary science, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Oxidation-Reduction, Geology, Sulfur, Hydrogen
Abstract: International audience; The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
Published: 2014
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10. Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: M. A. Meyer, Mark I. Richardson, Robert C. Anderson, Marisa C. Palucis, Sara Navarro Lopez, Rodney C. Ewing, Sanjeev Gupta, Caroline Freissinet, Edward M. Stolper, James F. Bell, M. A. Ravine, I. G. Mitrofanov, Thomas F. Bristow, Dawn Y. Sumner, Joel A. Hurowitz, Robert M. Haberle, Claire E. Newman, Andrew Steele, Muriel Saccoccio, Leslie Keely, E. Pallier, Jason P. Dworkin, Claude Geffroy, Mary A. Voytek, Michael Caplinger, Fred Goesmann, Yann Parot, Maria-Paz Zorzano Mier, A. B. Sanin, S. W. Squyres, Javier Caride Rodriguez, J. L. Griffes, Julio José Romeral-Planello, Jason Feldman, Katherine L. French, V. Sautter, Nicolas Mangold, David L. Bish, Vivian Lafaille, Michael D. Smith, François Raulin, V. Prokhorov, Gilles Berger, S. Slavney, Heather B. Franz, S. Johnstone, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Felipe Gómez, Harri Haukka, Francis A. Cucinotta, J. Hudgins, T. Cleghorn, Pascaline Francois, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Shuai Li, Paul R. Mahaffy, K. M. Robertson, Bruce M. Jakosky, J. Guo, Juergen Schieber, Rafael Navarro-González, G. J. Flesch, Scott M. McLennan, Jennifer G. Blank, M. Carmosino, Kenneth A. Farley, Yves Langevin, P. D. Archer, A. E. Brunner, M. D. Dyar, S. Le Mouélic, V. Hipkin, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Kenneth S. Edgett, Sabrina Feldman, Gale Paulsen, Paul Herrera, Alberto G. Fairén, Kirsten L. Siebach, Jan-Peter Muller, M. J. Schoppers, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Nina Lanza, Marc Gailhanou, Genevieve Marchand, Sönke Burmeister, Craig Hardgrove, Justin N. Maki, Ari-Matti Harri, Michael C. Malin, M. J. Wolff, Roger E. Summons, H. Blau, Jacqueline Cameron, Jeff A. Berger, Didier Keymeulen, Agnes Cousin, Guillermo M. Muñoz Caro, Eric Lyness, Cedric Pilorget, Michael B. Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, M. L. Litvak, Brian M. Duston, Rebecca M. E. Williams, T. Nolan, Robert T. Downs, V. E. Hamilton, Walter Goetz, Pamela G. Conrad, J. Baroukh, Nathan T. Bridges, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Philippe Sarrazin, L. Bleacher, Eric Lorigny, Mike Toplis, Michael H. Wong, Timothy H. McConnochie, Ian Mcewan, Kiran Patel, Mary Beth Wilhelm, John P. Grotzinger, Jeffrey E. Moersch, Michael A. Wilson, Mark Paton, I. Plante, Eric Lewin, Franck Poitrasson, Tori M. Hoehler, P. Guillemot, Mackenzie Day, David F. Blake, José Antonio Rodríguez Manfredi, G. W. Lugmair, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Dorothy Z. Oehler, Samuel Teinturier, Bent Ehresmann, Jérémie Lasue, K. E. Herkenhoff, Daniel C. Berman, Scott VanBommel, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Emily M. McCullough, A. A. Fraeman, Ezat Heydari, Penelope L. King, K. M. Stack, Diana L. Blaney, A. Salamon, John G. Spray, L. Posiolova, Jeff Hollingsworth, David Choi, Kevin W. Lewis, B. D. Prats, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Mehdi Benna, H. M. Elliott, Jesús Martínez-Frías, R. Mueller-Mellin, William V. Boynton, Lance E. Christensen, Richard Leveille, John A. Grant, David E. Harker, J. M. Morookian, Caleb I. Fassett, S. Jacob, Donald Fay, R. Perez, Horton E. Newsom, Morten Madsen, M. G. Trainer, G. Israel, B. E. Nixon, Claude d’Uston, John E. Moores, Olivier Gasnault, Daniel J. Krysak, Vladislav Tretyakov, G. M. Perrett, Andrew D. Aubrey, L. E. Kirkland, F. Stalport, B. L. Barraclough, Alain Cros, Stephan Böttcher, Michel Cabane, William B. Brinckerhoff, Jack D. Farmer, James J. Wray, P. Y. Meslin, Arnaud Buch, Allan H. Treiman, S. C. R. Rafkin, B. C. Clark, Noureddine Melikechi, R. Jackson, Luther W. Beegle, Angela Lundberg, Bethany L. Ehlmann, William E. Dietrich, Karl Iagnemma, K. Supulver, Radu Popa, R. Zimdar, Melissa Floyd, Wesley T. Huntress, Paul B. Niles, D. M. Delapp, C. N.. Achilles, Darrell Drake, T. Nelson, Alain Gaboriaud, Verónica Peinado-Gonzalez, Edward P. Vicenzi, T. Boucher, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, C. Tate, David J. Des Marais, F. Javier Martin-Torres, Antoine Charpentier, Chris Webster, Mildred P. Martin, Robert M. Sucharski, Lucy M. Thompson, Cyril Szopa, D. Halleaux, Antonio Molina Jurado, Richard V. Morris, Andrey Vostrukhin, Peter C. Thomas, Ara V. Nefian, Pablo Sobron Sanchez, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, B. Elliott, Hannu Savijärvi, J. Bentz, Sergey Nikiforov, S. Gordon, Shaunna M. Morrison, Jean-Luc Lacour, Günter Reitz, M. E. Newcombe, David E. Brinza, C. Yana, Gary Kocurek, L. J. Lipkaman, C. M. Garcia, Maria Genzer, Fred Calef, A. Godber, Stubbe F. Hviid, C. Donny, T. Van Beek, Ruslan O. Kuzmin, Alexander Hayes, T. S. Olson, George D. Cody, J. Martín-Soler, N. Karpushkina, John Bridges, Mercedes Jiménez, M. Lefavor, Sylvestre Maurice, H. L. K. Manning, Ralph E. Milliken, Susanne Schröder, N. Spanovich, L. J. Edwards, A. Koefoed, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Cary Zeitlin, Noël Stewart, David T. Vaniman, E. A. Breves, Laurent Favot, A. Varenikov, Gérard Manhès, R. B. Williams, David Martin, Steven J. Rowland, E. Boehm, Adrian P. Jones, Alexis Paillet, R. Francis, Sushil K. Atreya, Mariek E. Schmidt, David Baratoux, N. I. Boyd, Qiu-Mei Lee, I. 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Weigle, Cynthia K. Little, A. Mezzacappa, Olivier Forni, A. S. Kozyrev, Edward A. Cloutis, Ashwin Vasavada, A. Behar, François Robert, D. M. Rubin, Alexey Malakhov, E. Jensen, T. C. Owen, Sebastien Hettrich, Miguel Ramos, B. Sutter, Melinda A. Kahre, Patrick Pinet, John H. Jones, Claude Brunet, B. Pavri, Nilton O. Renno, Evgeny Atlaskin, Laurent Peret, Maxim Mokrousov, David Lees, J. J. B. Avalos, Jennifer C. Stern, Ann Ollila, Josefina Torres Redondo, Miles J. Johnson, M. A. D. P. Hernandez, Daniel P. Glavin, Albert S. Yen, Christophe Agard, Jouni Polkko, Christopher P. McKay, J. Peterson, Oliver Botta, Mark T. Lemmon, Marion Nachon, K. M. Bean, Bruce A. Cantor, Jan Köhler, M. Fitzgibbon, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Jorge Pla-Garcia, Henrik Kahanpää, Frances Westall, Walter Schmidt, M.-H. Kim, Kenneth G. Miller, Sharon A. Wilson, S. McNair, O. Kortmann, David Grinspoon, E. M. Lee, S. Indyk, Osku Kemppinen, E. Raaen, Michael Mischna, R. S. Sletten, James B. Garvin, John M. Ward, R. L. Tokar, Paulo M. Vasconcelos, Charles Malespin, T. J. Parker, Aaron J. Sengstacken, S. Bender, Jean-Pierre Williams, F. Fedosov, Patrick Mauchien, Audrey Dupont, R. A. Yingst, David Coscia, David A. Cremers, Danika Wellington, Kenneth H. Nealson, J. K. Jensen, Martin R. Fisk, J. Joseph, Amy J. Williams, W. 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Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Kruch, Catherine
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, Curiosity rover, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Sulfides, 01 natural sciences, organic compositions, Bassanite, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, MSL, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Martian, mudstone samples, Volatile Organic Compounds, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Water, Mars Exploration Program, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Pyrolysis
Abstract: H 2 O, CO 2 , SO 2 , O 2 , H 2 , H 2 S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H 2 O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO 2 . Concurrent evolution of O 2 and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggests the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for sulfur-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic carbon sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the carbon source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin.
Published: 2014
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11. Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars science laboratory's curiosity rover

Author: Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Bent Ehresmann, Scot Rafkin, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, David E. Brinza, Gerald Weigle, Stephan Böttcher, Eckart Böhm, Soenke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, Cesar Martin, Guenther Reitz, Francis A. Cucinotta, Myung-Hee Kim, David Grinspoon, Mark A. Bullock, Arik Posner, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Ashwin Vasavada, John P. Grotzinger, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, David Cremers, James F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack Farmer, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Mariek Schmidt, Shuai Li, Ralph Milliken, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Kenneth Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Melissa Rice, Kirsten Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward Stolper, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Andrew Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Steven Squyres, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Thomas Berger, Daniel Matthia, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, David Bish, Juergen Schieber, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Sylvestre Maurice, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Oehler, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, Gilles Dromart, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Nicolas Mangold, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Roger C. Wiens, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Allan Treiman, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Kenneth Edgett, Donald Fay, Craig Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Michael Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, David F. Blake, Thomas Bristow, David DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Pamela Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Paul Mahaffy, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Michael Meyer, Mary Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, Andrew Aubrey, Luther W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, Fred Calef, Lance Christensen, Joy A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Timothy Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, John H. Jones, Douglas Ming, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, David Vaniman, Rebecca M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, Kevin Lewis, Laurie Leshin, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, John Grant, Edward Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, Victoria Hamilton, Joseph Peterson, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Scott McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ryan B. Anderson, Kenneth Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, Marisa Palucis, Dawn Y. Sumner, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David Rubin, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Ralf Gellert, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott Rowland, Hannu Savijärvi, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Horton Newsom, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, Bernard Hallet, Ronald Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Raymond Arvidson, Abigail Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Kiel University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), German Aerospace Center (DLR), University of Nevada [Reno], Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, NASA Headquarters, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), GeoRessources, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Extraterrestrial Environment, Surface Properties, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Cosmic ray, Radiation Dosage, Exploration of Mars, Astrobiology, Martian surface, Exobiology, galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity rover, Humans, Organic Chemicals, Particle radiation, Martian, Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), Multidisciplinary, Mars Exploration Program, Space Flight, Radiation assessment detector, 13. Climate action, Health threat from cosmic rays, Deinococcus, Cosmic Radiation
Abstract: International audience; The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for similar to 300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.
Published: 2014
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12. Quantitative elemental determination in water and oil by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Author: Jean-Francois Wagner, Pascal Fichet, Patrick Mauchien, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: Detection limit, Aqueous solution, Laser ablation, Trace Amounts, Spectrometer, Chemistry, Atomic emission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Elemental analysis, Environmental Chemistry, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used to evaluate the potentiality of the technique for the determination of trace amounts of elements in different types of liquids, in the framework of nuclear applications. A specific set-up using a pulsed laser focussed with a tilted angle on the surface of the liquid is presented. It allows on-line quantitative measurements with good reliability and reproducibility. Twelve elements (Pb, Si, Ca, Na, Zn, Sn, Al, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mg, Cr) have been studied in two different liquid matrices: water and oil. Detection limits (0.3–120 μg ml−1) and reproducibilities (ca. 3%) are reported. Moreover, the use of an echelle spectrometer for such elemental analysis is also proposed.
Published: 2001
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13. Determination of Impurities in Uranium and Plutonium Dioxides by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author: Christophe Moulin, P. Fichet, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Laser ablation, Atmospheric pressure, 010401 analytical chemistry, Atomic emission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry, law, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation
Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a spectrochemical technique in which a laser beam is used as the excitation source, was applied to detect trace elements contained in uranium and plutonium dioxides. Partial spectra of plasmas, generated by focusing the second harmonic (Λ = 532 nm) of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on UO2and PuO2targets at atmospheric pressure, were recorded. Eighteen impurities at concentrations of about 500 ppm (μg/g) and twelve at concentrations of about 100 ppm, respectively, were observed in the rich emission matrices UO2and PuO2. The possibility of quantifying impurities in such matrices is discussed.
Published: 1999
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14. Correction of Matrix Effects in Quantitative Elemental Analysis With Laser Ablation Optical Emission Spectrometry

Author: C. Geertsen, Jean-Luc Lacour, N. Andre, J. Uebbing, Patrick Mauchien, and C. Chaleard
Subjects: Laser ablation, Atmospheric pressure, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Excitation temperature, Plasma, Laser, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Matrix (chemical analysis), law, Emission spectrum, Spectroscopy, Excitation
Abstract: A new approach to the quantification of the optical emission signals from a laser produced plasma in air at atmospheric pressure is described. It is based on a simple analytical model giving intensity of the emission lines as a function of the vaporized mass and the plasma excitation temperature. Under the hypothesis of a stoichiometric ablation process, these two parameters are presumed to be responsible for the matrix effects observed when the composition of the sample is changed. Under the experimental conditions chosen it is demonstrated that the acoustic signal emitted by the plasma is proportional to the vaporized mass and that the excitation plasma temperature can be controlled using the line ratio of a given element chosen as a ‘temperature sensor’. Normalization of the emission signals by these two parameters allows for an efficient correction of the matrix effects. Results obtained on a series of aluminium alloys, steel and brass samples demonstrate, for the first time, the possibility of matrix independent analysis with LA-OES with an accuracy of a few percent.
Published: 1997
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15. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the martian atmosphere

Author: Chris R, Webster, Paul R, Mahaffy, Gregory J, Flesch, Paul B, Niles, John H, Jones, Laurie A, Leshin, Sushil K, Atreya, Jennifer C, Stern, Lance E, Christensen, Tobias, Owen, Heather, Franz, Robert O, Pepin, Andrew, Steele, Cherie, Achilles, Christophe, Agard, José Alexandre, Alves Verdasca, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Anderson, Doug, Archer, Carlos, Armiens-Aparicio, Ray, Arvidson, Evgeny, Atlaskin, Andrew, Aubrey, Burt, Baker, Michael, Baker, Tonci, Balic-Zunic, David, Baratoux, Julien, Baroukh, Bruce, Barraclough, Keri, Bean, Luther, Beegle, Alberto, Behar, James, Bell, Steve, Bender, Mehdi, Benna, Jennifer, Bentz, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berger, Daniel, Berman, David, Bish, David F, Blake, Juan J, Blanco Avalos, Diana, Blaney, Jen, Blank, Hannah, Blau, Lora, Bleacher, Eckart, Boehm, Oliver, Botta, Stephan, Böttcher, Thomas, Boucher, Hannah, Bower, Nick, Boyd, Bill, Boynton, Elly, Breves, John, Bridges, Nathan, Bridges, William, Brinckerhoff, David, Brinza, Thomas, Bristow, Claude, Brunet, Anna, Brunner, Will, Brunner, Arnaud, Buch, Mark, Bullock, Sönke, Burmeister, Michel, Cabane, Fred, Calef, James, Cameron, John, Campbell, Bruce, Cantor, Michael, Caplinger, Javier, Caride Rodríguez, Marco, Carmosino, Isaías, Carrasco Blázquez, Antoine, Charpentier, Steve, Chipera, David, Choi, Benton, Clark, Sam, Clegg, Timothy, Cleghorn, Ed, Cloutis, George, Cody, Patrice, Coll, Pamela, Conrad, David, Coscia, Agnès, Cousin, David, Cremers, Joy, Crisp, Alain, Cros, Frank, Cucinotta, Claude, d'Uston, Scott, Davis, Mackenzie, Day, Manuel, de la Torre Juarez, Lauren, DeFlores, Dorothea, DeLapp, Julia, DeMarines, David, DesMarais, William, Dietrich, Robert, Dingler, Christophe, Donny, Bob, Downs, Darrell, Drake, Gilles, Dromart, Audrey, Dupont, Brian, Duston, Jason, Dworkin, M Darby, Dyar, Lauren, Edgar, Kenneth, Edgett, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Edwards, Bethany, Ehlmann, Bent, Ehresmann, Jen, Eigenbrode, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Elliott, Ryan, Ewing, Cécile, Fabre, Alberto, Fairén, Ken, Farley, Jack, Farmer, Caleb, Fassett, Laurent, Favot, Donald, Fay, Fedor, Fedosov, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Feldman, Marty, Fisk, Mike, Fitzgibbon, Melissa, Floyd, Lorenzo, Flückiger, Olivier, Forni, Abby, Fraeman, Raymond, Francis, Pascaline, François, Caroline, Freissinet, Katherine Louise, French, Jens, Frydenvang, Alain, Gaboriaud, Marc, Gailhanou, James, Garvin, Olivier, Gasnault, Claude, Geffroy, Ralf, Gellert, Maria, Genzer, Daniel, Glavin, Austin, Godber, Fred, Goesmann, Walter, Goetz, Dmitry, Golovin, Felipe, Gómez Gómez, Javier, Gómez-Elvira, Brigitte, Gondet, Suzanne, Gordon, Stephen, Gorevan, John, Grant, Jennifer, Griffes, David, Grinspoon, John, Grotzinger, Philippe, Guillemot, Jingnan, Guo, Sanjeev, Gupta, Scott, Guzewich, Robert, Haberle, Douglas, Halleaux, Bernard, Hallet, Vicky, Hamilton, Craig, Hardgrove, David, Harker, Daniel, Harpold, Ari-Matti, Harri, Karl, Harshman, Donald, Hassler, Harri, Haukka, Alex, Hayes, Ken, Herkenhoff, Paul, Herrera, Sebastian, Hettrich, Ezat, Heydari, Victoria, Hipkin, Tori, Hoehler, Jeff, Hollingsworth, Judy, Hudgins, Wesley, Huntress, Joel, Hurowitz, Stubbe, Hviid, Karl, Iagnemma, Steve, Indyk, Guy, Israël, Ryan, Jackson, Samantha, Jacob, Bruce, Jakosky, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Jensen, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnson, Steve, Johnstone, Andrea, Jones, Jonathan, Joseph, Insoo, Jun, Linda, Kah, Henrik, Kahanpää, Melinda, Kahre, Natalya, Karpushkina, Wayne, Kasprzak, Janne, Kauhanen, Leslie, Keely, Osku, Kemppinen, Didier, Keymeulen, Myung-Hee, Kim, Kjartan, Kinch, Penny, King, Laurel, Kirkland, Gary, Kocurek, Asmus, Koefoed, Jan, Köhler, Onno, Kortmann, Alexander, Kozyrev, Jill, Krezoski, Daniel, Krysak, Ruslan, Kuzmin, Jean Luc, Lacour, Vivian, Lafaille, Yves, Langevin, Nina, Lanza, Jeremie, Lasue, Stéphane, Le Mouélic, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lee, David, Lees, Matthew, Lefavor, Mark, Lemmon, Alain, Lepinette Malvitte, Richard, Léveillé, Éric, Lewin-Carpintier, Kevin, Lewis, Shuai, Li, Leslie, Lipkaman, Cynthia, Little, Maxim, Litvak, Eric, Lorigny, Guenter, Lugmair, Angela, Lundberg, Eric, Lyness, Morten, Madsen, Justin, Maki, Alexey, Malakhov, Charles, Malespin, Michael, Malin, Nicolas, Mangold, Gérard, Manhes, Heidi, Manning, Geneviève, Marchand, Mercedes, Marín Jiménez, César, Martín García, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martin, Jesús, Martínez-Frías, Javier, Martín-Soler, F Javier, Martín-Torres, Patrick, Mauchien, Sylvestre, Maurice, Amy, McAdam, Elaina, McCartney, Timothy, McConnochie, Emily, McCullough, Ian, McEwan, Christopher, McKay, Scott, McLennan, Sean, McNair, Noureddine, Melikechi, Pierre-Yves, Meslin, Michael, Meyer, Alissa, Mezzacappa, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Miller, Ralph, Milliken, Douglas, Ming, Michelle, Minitti, Michael, Mischna, Igor, Mitrofanov, Jeff, Moersch, Maxim, Mokrousov, Antonio, Molina Jurado, John, Moores, Luis, Mora-Sotomayor, John Michael, Morookian, Richard, Morris, Shaunna, Morrison, Reinhold, Mueller-Mellin, Jan-Peter, Muller, Guillermo, Muñoz Caro, Marion, Nachon, Sara, Navarro López, Rafael, Navarro-González, Kenneth, Nealson, Ara, Nefian, Tony, Nelson, Megan, Newcombe, Claire, Newman, Horton, Newsom, Sergey, Nikiforov, Brian, Nixon, Eldar, Noe Dobrea, Thomas, Nolan, Dorothy, Oehler, Ann, Ollila, Timothy, Olson, Miguel Ángel, de Pablo Hernández, Alexis, Paillet, Etienne, Pallier, Marisa, Palucis, Timothy, Parker, Yann, Parot, Kiran, Patel, Mark, Paton, Gale, Paulsen, Alex, Pavlov, Betina, Pavri, Verónica, Peinado-González, Laurent, Peret, Rene, Perez, Glynis, Perrett, Joe, Peterson, Cedric, Pilorget, Patrick, Pinet, Jorge, Pla-García, Ianik, Plante, Franck, Poitrasson, Jouni, Polkko, Radu, Popa, Liliya, Posiolova, Arik, Posner, Irina, Pradler, Benito, Prats, Vasily, Prokhorov, Sharon Wilson, Purdy, Eric, Raaen, Leon, Radziemski, Scot, Rafkin, Miguel, Ramos, Elizabeth, Rampe, François, Raulin, Michael, Ravine, Günther, Reitz, Nilton, Rennó, Melissa, Rice, Mark, Richardson, François, Robert, Kevin, Robertson, José Antonio, Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio J, Romeral-Planelló, Scott, Rowland, David, Rubin, Muriel, Saccoccio, Andrew, Salamon, Jennifer, Sandoval, Anton, Sanin, Sara Alejandra, Sans Fuentes, Lee, Saper, Philippe, Sarrazin, Violaine, Sautter, Hannu, Savijärvi, Juergen, Schieber, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Schmidt, Daniel, Scholes, Marcel, Schoppers, Susanne, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Eduardo, Sebastian Martinez, Aaron, Sengstacken, Ruslan, Shterts, Kirsten, Siebach, Tero, Siili, Jeff, Simmonds, Jean-Baptiste, Sirven, Susie, Slavney, Ronald, Sletten, Michael, Smith, Pablo, Sobrón Sánchez, Nicole, Spanovich, John, Spray, Steven, Squyres, Katie, Stack, Fabien, Stalport, Thomas, Stein, Noel, Stewart, Susan Louise Svane, Stipp, Kevin, Stoiber, Ed, Stolper, Bob, Sucharski, Rob, Sullivan, Roger, Summons, Dawn, Sumner, Vivian, Sun, Kimberley, Supulver, Brad, Sutter, Cyril, Szopa, Florence, Tan, Christopher, Tate, Samuel, Teinturier, Inge, ten Kate, Peter, Thomas, Lucy, Thompson, Robert, Tokar, Mike, Toplis, Josefina, Torres Redondo, Melissa, Trainer, Allan, Treiman, Vladislav, Tretyakov, Roser, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Van Beek, Scott, VanBommel, David, Vaniman, Alexey, Varenikov, Ashwin, Vasavada, Paulo, Vasconcelos, Edward, Vicenzi, Andrey, Vostrukhin, Mary, Voytek, Meenakshi, Wadhwa, Jennifer, Ward, Eddie, Weigle, Danika, Wellington, Frances, Westall, Roger Craig, Wiens, Mary Beth, Wilhelm, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Williams, Mike, Wilson, Robert, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Mike, Wolff, Mike, Wong, James, Wray, Megan, Wu, Charles, Yana, Albert, Yen, Aileen, Yingst, Cary, Zeitlin, Robert, Zimdar, and María-Paz, Zorzano Mier
Subjects: Atmosphere, Martian, chemistry.chemical_compound, Multidisciplinary, Meteorite, chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, Sample Analysis at Mars, Carbonate, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, Astrobiology
Abstract: Mars' Atmosphere from Curiosity The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover that landed on Mars in August last year is designed to study the chemical and isotopic composition of the martian atmosphere. Mahaffy et al. (p. 263 ) present volume-mixing ratios of Mars' five major atmospheric constituents (CO 2 , Ar, N 2 , O 2 , and CO) and isotope measurements of 40 Ar/ 36 Ar and C and O in CO 2 , based on data from one of SAM's instruments, obtained between 31 August and 21 November 2012. Webster et al. (p. 260 ) used data from another of SAM's instruments obtained around the same period to determine isotope ratios of H, C, and O in atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O. Agreement between the isotopic ratios measured by SAM with those of martian meteorites, measured in laboratories on Earth, confirms the origin of these meteorites and implies that the current atmospheric reservoirs of CO 2 and H 2 O were largely established after the period of early atmospheric loss some 4 billion years ago.
Published: 2013

16. Evaluation of laser ablation optical emission spectrometry for microanalysis in aluminium samples

Author: L. Pierrard, C. Geertsen, Jean-Luc Lacour, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Detection limit, Reproducibility, Laser ablation, Calibration curve, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Microanalysis, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Matrix (chemical analysis), chemistry, Aluminium, law, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: This paper presents the first evaluation of laser ablation optical emission spectrometry for elemental microanalysis in solids. All the measurements have been performed on aluminum, a matrix in which elements segregate very easily. The lateral resolution obtained is close to 6 μm. It has been evaluated both by making replicas of the small craters formed in aluminum and by making a profile of the intensity distribution of two lines (Al and Cu) across a sharp junction of these two metals. A strong dependence of the measurement reproducibility on the laser energy fluctuations has been observed. Intrinsic reproducibility of the technique has been evaluated at 8% using a stable laser source. The detection limit is around 4 ppm for Mg and 40 ppm for Cu. This surprisingly high sensitivity is mainly attributed to a very efficient coupling between the UV laser beam and the solid surface, leading to crater depths of around 5 μm for a single laser shot. Calibration curves obtained for Mg and Cu using specially fabricated samples demonstrate that the technique is quantitative and not strongly sensitive to the matrix composition. These results demonstrate the very high potential of laser ablation optical emission spectrometry for elemental microanalysis, opening a wide field of applications for this technique.
Published: 1996
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17. Imaging of analyte distribution in a graphite tube atomizer by laser induced fluorescence

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Yannick Lerat, and Eric Masera
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Chemistry, Condensation, Analytical chemistry, Physics::Optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Matrix (chemical analysis), Distribution function, Atom, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Tube (fluid conveyance), Physics::Atomic Physics, Graphite, Laser-induced fluorescence, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Tunable laser
Abstract: The combination of a tunable laser with an intensified charge-coupled device camera provides a powerful two dimensional imaging system to investigate the distribution of species during atomization in a graphite furnace. It can be set up to measure attenuation of the incident laser beam, together with the fluorescence of the species. The example of gold atomization in a silver matrix is described to show the advantage of the system in understanding the formation and expansion of the vapour in two different types of graphite furnaces. The two furnace systems are an end heated atomizer and a transversely heated atomizer. The strongest perturbations in gold atom distribution in the presence of the matrix come from metallic silver condensation. These condensates are formed regardless of the heating mode when atomizations are performed directly from the wall. Condensation is not observed when a platform is used in the transversely heated atomizer.
Published: 1996
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18. Electrothermal atomization-laser induced fluorescence determination of iridium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold at the ng/l level in pure water

Author: Eric Masera, Yannick Lerat, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Detection limit, Reproducibility, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Rhodium, chemistry, Iridium, Platinum, Laser-induced fluorescence, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Palladium
Abstract: Trace determination of Au, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt in pure water solution has been performed by electrothermal atomization-laser induced fluorescence (ETA-LIF). Limits of detection obtained are in the ng/l −1 range, improving previously published absolute limits of detection by one or two orders of magnitude. The day to day reproducibility for iridium is around 8%. Thus, the ETA-LIF technique can be used routinely for the determination of precious metals at ultratrace concentrations.
Published: 1996
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19. Direct Uranium(VI) and Nitrate Determinations in Nuclear Reprocessing by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Author: Christophe Moulin, and Pierre Decambox, Dominique Pouyat and, Laurent Couston, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Quenching (fluorescence), Nuclear fuel, Chemistry, Radiochemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Fluorescence spectrometry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Uranyl, complex mixtures, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear reprocessing, Nitric acid, Laser-induced fluorescence
Abstract: Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLIF) has been used for direct uranium(VI) determination in the nuclear reprocessing medium. To take into account the different phenomena that affect the uranyl fluorescence (absorption, quenching, and complexation), a model has been defined. A spectral deconvolution procedure allows uranium speciation in nitric acid and therefore nitrate determination with good accuracy. After normalization of the fluorescence intensity, it is then possible to reach the uranium concentration. Results obtained on synthetic solutions and, above all, on reprocessing samples by the application of this model are presented and compared with results from other techniques. The limit of detection for uranium analysis in reprocessing matrices is in the submilligram per liter range, and a ratio of Pu/U as high as 105 can be directly analyzed.
Published: 1996
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20. The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description

Author: Yves Langevin, Muriel Saccoccio, E. Kan, Patrick Pinet, V. Sautter, Eric Lewin, John J. Simmonds, Franck Poitrasson, R. Perez, Jérémie Lasue, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, M. Lescure, Horton E. Newsom, Alain Gaboriaud, David A. Cremers, B. Faure, Bruno Dubois, B. L. Barraclough, Gilles Berger, Béatrice Sallé, Christophe Sotin, S. Le Mouélic, C. Derycke, Ph. Cais, David T. Vaniman, H. Seran, J. J. Thocaven, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, L. Parès, Lauren DeFlores, S. Bender, Edward A. Miller, T. Gharsa, Cécile Fabre, M. Dupieux, P. Y. Meslin, Yann Parot, C. P. McKay, Olivier Forni, Diana L. Blaney, Driss Kouach, B. Dingler, Michel Berthé, Patrick Mauchien, Gérard Manhès, Alexis Paillet, E. Durand, Jean-Luc Lacour, B. Quertier, Gilles Dromart, G. Orttner, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, R. Stiglich, Daniel Limonadi, L. E. Kirkland, N. Striebig, Alain Cros, B. C. Clark, Agnès Cousin, L. C. d'Uston, Michael J. Toplis, John D. Bernardin, Nicolas Mangold, M. Bouyé, Sylvestre Maurice, Nathan T. Bridges, Y. Michel, Olivier Gasnault, David Baratoux, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2012, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Lockheed Martin Corporation, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Optical fiber, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical composition, Mars, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Planetary surfaces, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, LIBS, Pixel, Spectrometer, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Laser, Space and Planetary Science, Rocknest, business, Instruments, Geology
Abstract: International audience; ChemCam is a remote sensing instrument suite on board the "Curiosity" rover (NASA) that uses Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide the elemental composition of soils and rocks at the surface of Mars from a distance of 1.3 to 7 m, and a telescopic imager to return high resolution context and micro-images at distances greater than 1.16 m. We describe five analytical capabilities: rock classification, quantitative composition, depth profiling, context imaging, and passive spectroscopy. They serve as a toolbox to address most of the science questions at Gale crater. ChemCam consists of a Mast-Unit (laser, telescope, camera, and electronics) and a Body-Unit (spectrometers, digital processing unit, and optical demultiplexer), which are connected by an optical fiber and an electrical interface. We then report on the development, integration, and testing of the Mast-Unit, and summarize some key characteristics of ChemCam. This confirmed that nominal or better than nominal performances were achieved for critical parameters, in particular power density (>1 GW/cm2). The analysis spot diameter varies from 350 μm at 2 m to 550 μm at 7 m distance. For remote imaging, the camera field of view is 20 mrad for 1024×1024 pixels. Field tests demonstrated that the resolution (˜90 μrad) made it possible to identify laser shots on a wide variety of images. This is sufficient for visualizing laser shot pits and textures of rocks and soils. An auto-exposure capability optimizes the dynamical range of the images. Dedicated hardware and software focus the telescope, with precision that is appropriate for the LIBS and imaging depths-of-field. The light emitted by the plasma is collected and sent to the Body-Unit via a 6 m optical fiber. The companion to this paper (Wiens et al. this issue) reports on the development of the Body-Unit, on the analysis of the emitted light, and on the good match between instrument performance and science specifications.
Published: 2012
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21. The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author: Roger C. Wiens, Sylvestre Maurice, Bruce Barraclough, Muriel Saccoccio, Walter C. Barkley, James F. Bell, Steve Bender, John Bernardin, Diana Blaney, Jennifer Blank, Marc Bouyé, Nathan Bridges, Nathan Bultman, Phillippe Caïs, Robert C. Clanton, Benton Clark, Samuel Clegg, Agnes Cousin, David Cremers, Alain Cros, Lauren DeFlores, Dorothea Delapp, Robert Dingler, Claude D’Uston, M. Darby Dyar, Tom Elliott, Don Enemark, Cecile Fabre, Mike Flores, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Thomas Hale, Charles Hays, Ken Herkenhoff, Ed Kan, Laurel Kirkland, Driss Kouach, David Landis, Yves Langevin, Nina Lanza, Frank LaRocca, Jeremie Lasue, Joseph Latino, Daniel Limonadi, Chris Lindensmith, Cynthia Little, Nicolas Mangold, Gerard Manhes, Patrick Mauchien, Christopher McKay, Ed Miller, Joe Mooney, Richard V. Morris, Leland Morrison, Tony Nelson, Horton Newsom, Ann Ollila, Melanie Ott, Laurent Pares, René Perez, Franck Poitrasson, Cheryl Provost, Joseph W. Reiter, Tom Roberts, Frank Romero, Violaine Sautter, Steven Salazar, John J. Simmonds, Ralph Stiglich, Steven Storms, Nicolas Striebig, Jean-Jacques Thocaven, Tanner Trujillo, Mike Ulibarri, David Vaniman, Noah Warner, Rob Waterbury, Robert Whitaker, James Witt, and Belinda Wong-Swanson
Subjects: 010401 analytical chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2012
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22. Techniques d'analyses d'actinides et de radioéléments d'intérêt par spectroscopie laser

Author: B. Remy, Christophe Moulin, Jean-Luc Lacour, A. Briand, P. Decambox, Patrick Mauchien, and B. Fleurot
Subjects: Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: Les techniques de spectroscopie laser sont de plus en plus employees pour l'analyse elementaire a bas niveau et la speciation des actinides et autres radionucleides d'interet. A partir d'une recherche bibliographique et des experiences developpees au sein du Laboratoire de spectroscopie laser analytique, le principe, les performances, les applications ainsi que les avantages et les inconvenients de ces differentes techniques laser sont presentes, une comparaison est effectuee avec une autre technique (non-laser) analytique performante, la torche a plasma – spectrometrie de masse. Les differentes techniques laser presentees sont en spectroscopie moleculaire : la lentille thermique, la spectrofluorimetrie laser a resolution temporelle, la fluorescence induite par laser de l'iode, et en spectroscopie atomique : la spectroscopie optogalvanique, la fluorescence induite par laser en four de graphite, la fluorescence induite par laser dans une torche a plasma, la spectroscopie d'ionisation resonnante colineaire et l'ionisation laser couplee a la spectrometrie de masse. Les principaux avantages des techniques de spectroscopie laser sont l'absence de preparation d'echantillon, la rapidite, la selectivite, la sensibilite ainsi que la possibilite de pouvoir effectuer des analyses a distance via fibre optique.
Published: 1994
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23. UV laser ablation optical emission spectrometry on aluminum alloys in air at atmospheric pressure

Author: Patrick Mauchien, S. Sjöström, Jean-Luc Lacour, C. Geertsen, and N. Andre
Subjects: Reproducibility, Laser ablation, Atmospheric pressure, business.industry, Calibration curve, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Analytical chemistry, Plasma, medicine.disease_cause, Ablation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Optics, Elemental analysis, medicine, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet
Abstract: An experimental arrangement for elemental analysis of solid samples in air at atmospheric pressure is presented. The arrangement couples optical emission spectroscopy with XeCl ultraviolet laser ablation. The experimental conditions to bring about optimum reproducibility of the analytical measurement are given. It is shown that the plasma emission signal is strongly dependent on the number of shots delivered at a given place. Hence, a good control of the ablation process requires a knowledge of the exact number of shots delivered before and during signals acquisition. Time resolved measurements where performed with a time delay in the range of 1–4 μs in order to eliminate background emission and to avoid data recording during plasma collapse. Analytical performances have been evaluated for detection of magnesium in aluminum alloys using the internal standard technique. Reproducibility was investigated for several aluminum matrices, by comparing measurements performed over several days, and was found to be 2%. A single straight calibration curve was obtained for four aluminum alloys, thus indicating the absence of second order matrix effects.
Published: 1994
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24. Comparison between infrared and ultraviolet laser ablation at atmospheric pressure—implications for solid sampling inductively coupled plasma spectrometry

Author: Alain Briand, Sten Sjöström, Jean-Luc Lacour, Christian Geertsen, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Michel Mermet, and Frédéric Chartier
Subjects: Argon, Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization, Laser ablation, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser pumping, Plasma, medicine.disease_cause, Laser, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, medicine, Physics::Atomic Physics, Inductively coupled plasma, Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet
Abstract: The efficiency of laser solid sampling was investigated as a function of several experimental parameters under experimental conditions similar to those used for laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. This was done by studying the amount of material removed as a function of melting temperature of the (metallic) matrix material, laser wavelength and laser energy, and by studying the plasma ignition in air and argon buffer gases as a function of laser wavelength. It was found that direct LA is the major process responsible for the removal of material in the case of a UV laser, as opposed to with an IR laser, where shielding of the laser radiation by the absorbing plasma limits direct LA and increases the temperature of the plasma. The consequences of this difference between IR and UV laser radiation are considerable and lead to a superior performance of UV laser sampling in every analytical aspect: reproducibility, matrix effects, quantification, spatial resolution and sensitivity.
Published: 1994
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25. Uranium Determination by Remote Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Stephane Rougeault, Dominique Hamon, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: Spectrum analyzer, Optical fiber, Dye laser, business.industry, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Fluorescence spectrometry, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Numerical aperture, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, business, Laser-induced fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Uranium measurements taken in a hostile environment are required in the nuclear fuel cycle. Current trends are leading toward development of better sensitivity and rapidity as well as remote measurements. Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) is a very selective and sensitive method that has been widely used for uranium determinations in complex matrices. This technique evolved from analysis in a cell located in a glove box to remote measurements via fiber optics in a shielded cell. The setup of Remote Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (RTRLIF) includes an excitation laser focused in the excitation fiber, with the fluorescence collection fibers concentrically positioned around the excitation fiber at the optrode tip, which dips into the solution; the signal is analyzed by a pulsed intensified multichannel spectrofluorimeter. This analyzer allows for the elimination of the unwanted parasital fluorescence (organic, Raman) by the placement of a gate a few microseconds after the laser pulse. Special care is taken in terms of laser focalization, fiber-optic parameters (numerical aperture, diameter, and arrangement), parasital fluorescence, time delay, and width of the gate. Results obtained with RTRLIF in terms of limits of detection (LOD ∼ 10−10M) are presented and compared with the results obtained by TRLIF.
Published: 1993
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26. Characterization by emission spectrometry of a laser-produced plasma from a copper target in air at atmospheric pressure

Author: M. Autin, Jean-Michel Mermet, Patrick Mauchien, and A. Briand
Subjects: Detection limit, Atmospheric pressure, Gas laser, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Laser, Copper, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Nitrogen laser, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: A laser-produced plasma is generated from a copper target using a nitrogen laser. The plasma is formed in air at atmospheric pressure. The temporal characteristics of the plasma are studied by atomic emission spectrometry. The features of the spectra such as the type of lines and the line broadening are described and compared to those obtained at reduced pressure or in other gases. As self-absorption is predominant when the plasma first forms, a time delay is required to obtain the best analytical performance. Limits of detection in the range of 1 – 10 ppm are obtained for copper.
Published: 1993
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27. Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Spectrofluorometry of UO2 2+ in Nitric Acid Solutions. Preliminary Results for On-Line Uranium Monitoring Applications

Author: Patrick Mauchien, H. Deniau, P. Decambox, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Nitric acid, law, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Uranium, Laser, Line (formation), law.invention
Published: 1993
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28. Americium Trace Determination in Aqueous and Solid Matrices by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Author: Christophe Moulin, P. Thouvenot, S. Hubert, Patrick Mauchien, P. Decambox, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Americium, 010402 general chemistry, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Trace (semiology), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Laser-induced fluorescence
Published: 1993
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29. Complexation Behaviour of Humic Substances towards Actinides and Lanthanides Studied by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Spectrofluorometry

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Jan Tits, Valérie Moulin, O. de Ruty, Christophe Moulin, and P. Decambox
Subjects: Lanthanide, Chemistry, law, Inorganic chemistry, Actinide, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Laser, law.invention
Published: 1992
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30. Micro LIBS technique

Author: Jean-Luc Lacour, Jean Dubessy, Denis Menut, Marie-Christine Boiron, Patrick Mauchien, Cécile Fabre, Pascal Fichet, and Annie Rivoallan
Subjects: Materials science
Published: 2009
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31. On the Use of Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Spectrofluorometry for Interaction Studies between Organic Matter and Actinides: Application to Curium

Author: Patrick Mauchien, P. Decambox, Christophe Moulin, M. Theyssier, and Valérie Moulin
Subjects: Interaction studies, chemistry.chemical_classification, Curium, Chemistry, law, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Organic matter, Actinide, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Laser, law.invention
Published: 1991
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32. Determination of uranium in solution at the ng 1−1 level by time-resolved laser-induced spectrofluorimetry: application to geological samples

Author: Patrick Mauchien, C. Beaucaire, P. Decambox, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Detection limit, Aqueous solution, technology, industry, and agriculture, Fluorescence spectrometry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, complex mixtures, Biochemistry, Chloride, Analytical Chemistry, Uraninite, chemistry, Chlorine, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Groundwater, medicine.drug
Abstract: Time-resolved laser-induced spectrofluorimetry was used for the determination of uranium at the ng 1 −1 level in alkaline water with high chloride and sulphide contents in order to obtain a better understanding of uranium mobilization under natural reducing conditions. The optimum complexing medium, limit of detection and results obtained for several waters from different localities in the Pyrenees are presented. These data seem to confirm that even at very low uranium concentrations, thermodynamic control by a mineral phase takes place.
Published: 1990
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33. Local heterogeneity for a Eu3+-doped glass evidenced by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy coupled to scanning near-field optical microscopy

Author: Sébastien Cremel, Jerôme Grausem, Manuel Dossot, Patrick Mauchien, Bernard Humbert, François Viala, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], nuclear glass, Analytical chemistry, Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fluorescence, law.invention, Optical microscope, law, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Chemistry, near-field, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, scanning microscopy, europium, Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, Time-resolved spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) was applied to an aluminate glass sample doped with Eu3+ cation as a fluorescent probe of chemical environment and local symmetry. Conventional far field experiments revealed the presence of two different phases an amorphous phase featured by a highly disordered environment surrounding the Eu3+ cation and a more ordered polycrystalline phase that shows a significant increase of the Eu3+ fluorescence decay time compared to the amorphous phase. Near-field fluorescence spectra and decay kinetics were performed in the frontier region between the two phases using a home-built scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM). SNOM-TRFS experiments confirmed the presence of local heterogeneities in this part of the glass at a sub-micrometric spatial scale. Polycrystalline sites were featured by an important shear-force interaction with the probing fiber optic tip, a longer fluorescence decay time and a higher Stark splitting of the 5D07FJ (J = 1 to 4) electronic transitions of the Eu3+ cations.
Published: 2006
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34. Europium migration in Argilaceous Rocks : on the use of Micro Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (micro LIBS) as a Microanalysis Tool

Author: Jean Radwan, Patrick Meier, Patrick Mauchien, Michael Descostes, Christophe Poinssot, and Denis Menut
Subjects: Calcite, Materials science, Dolomite, Metallurgy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, engineering.material, Microanalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, engineering, Pyrite, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Europium, Quartz
Abstract: Eu migration in a Callovo-Oxfordian argilite sample was studied using the micro LIBS technique. Quantitative elemental mapping were made by micro LIBS that showed the actual distribution of the various micro areas observed on the Callovo-Oxfordian sample's surface. Calcite, dolomite, alumino-silicates, quartz, pyrite and iron oxides were identified and their statistical distribution was determined. Experimental Eu profiles observed are consistent with diffusion process accompanied by heterogeneous sorption on alumino-silicate surface.
Published: 2006
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35. Micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique: a powerful method for performing quantitative surface mapping on conductive and nonconductive samples

Author: Jean-Luc Lacour, Pascal Fichet, Annie Rivoallan, Patrick Mauchien, and Denis Menut
Subjects: Reproducibility, Materials science, business.industry, Calibration curve, Materials Science (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Matrix (chemical analysis), Cerium, Optics, chemistry, Calibration, Near-field scanning optical microscope, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Business and International Management, business, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied mainly to bulk analysis of solids, liquids, and gases and less frequently for elemental microanalysis of solid surfaces. A micro-LIBS device devoted to analysis of the distribution of elements on surfaces is described. This device offers rapid access with a 3-µm spatial resolution to the microchemical structures of both conductive and nonconductive samples. Quantitative microchemical results of applications to ceramics are reported. By the use of a time-resolved acquisition spectrum, cerium in a uranium matrix was characterized with a cerium detection limit of 1.14%. Calibration curves obtained with manipulations during 1 year facilitated evaluations of reproducibility and repeatability. A 2% single-shot repeatability with a calibration reproducibility of ∼7% is reported.
Published: 2003

36. Direct and Fast Determination of Uranium in Human Urine Samples by Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Spectrofluorometry

Author: Patrick Mauchien, P. Decambox, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: Resolution (mass spectrometry), Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Fluorescence spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Laser-induced fluorescence, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Neutron activation
Abstract: The determination of uranium as a toxic (chemically and radioactively) element in human urine is of major medical interest since metabolic models must be established in order to estimate the body burden of uranium in professionally exposed workers. Moreover, nuclear medical regulations require important controls of uranium, with levels determined, from workers' urine samples. Different methods have been and are still used to perform such measurements, namely: fluorescence on pellets, chromatography, counting techniques, neutron activation, and mass spectrometry. However, these different techniques are time consuming, and some of them require bulky equipment. Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Spectrofluorometry (LITRS) is a very sensitive technique for ultratrace determinations of uranium in solution and seemed appropriate for these analyses. This technique is based on laser excitation followed by temporal resolution of the fluorescence signal. The great advantages of this technique, aside from sensitivity, are its triple resolution (i.e., excitation, emission, and life-time) and its rapidity.
Published: 1991
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37. Laser plasma limiting effects at nanosecond laser microablation

Author: Guillaume Petite, Mikhail N. Libenson, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Francois Wagner, Béatrice Sallé, and A. Semerok
Subjects: Laser ablation, Materials science, business.industry, Pulse duration, Plasma, Nanosecond, Laser, law.invention, Full width at half maximum, Optics, law, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, Laser beam quality, business
Abstract: Plasma plume expansion and crater formation in the interaction of Nd -YAG laser beam (TEM oo - mode, 532 nm, 6 ns pulse duration and 10 μm waist at FWHM) with various metal targets in air were investigated. The craters formed at the surfaces were measured with 0,1 μm longitudinal and 0,5 μm transversal resolutions. Laser plasma expansion during laser pulse / surface interaction was measured by ICCD camera with 3 μm spatial and I ns temporal resolutions. These measurements were performed with different optical filters in the following spectral ranges (250< λ
Published: 1999
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38. EMSLIBS’ 2007

Author: Alexandre Semerok and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry
Published: 2008
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39. Laser ablation efficiency of pure metals with femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond pulses

Author: Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, A. Semerok, Guillaume Petite, Pavel Palianov, Béatrice Sallé, M. Perdrix, Sylvain Kocon, Vincent Detalle, Corinne Nouvellon, P. Meynadier, and Catherine Chaleard
Subjects: Materials science, Laser ablation, Atmospheric pressure, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Pulse duration, Nanosecond, Ablation, Laser, law.invention, Optics, law, Picosecond, Femtosecond, medicine, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Laser ablation of pure metals by femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond pulses is studied experimentally in air at atmospheric pressure. Craters created by interaction of visible and UV laser pulses with the targets are investigated. The dependence of the ablation efficiency in terms of ablated volume per unit of energy on the pulse duration and wavelength is discussed.
Published: 1998
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40. Experimental investigation of laser ablation efficiency of metals

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Béatrice Sallé, Sylvain Kocon, Jean-Luc Lacour, Corinne Nouvellon, A. Semerok, Vincent Detalle, and Catherine Chaleard
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Laser ablation, Materials science, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Plasma, Laser, Ablation, law.invention, Optics, Impact crater, law, medicine, business, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: We have investigated the craters created after high intensity visible and UV-laser pulse interaction with the metalsurfaces in air. The experiments were performed on different pure metal samples in the intensity range typical for laserplasma analytical application experiments with nanosecond laser pulses. The craters were characterised by their depth,diameter and volume. The analysis and discussion ofthe obtained results are presented.Keywords: laser ablation, metal samples, spectrochemical analysis, ablation efficiency.I. INTRODUCTION.High intensity laser pulse interaction with a solid surface leads to crater formation resulting from matter ejection. Asthe ablation process depends on physical properties of solid matter, environmental conditions and laser parameters , the description of crater characteristics is seen as an interesting method to understand the physics of the ablation process.In this work, the crater was characterised by its depth, diameter and volume (Fig. 1).The experiments were performed on different metal samples with a large variety of matter properties. Laser intensitieswere chosen from 0.5
Published: 1998
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41. Influence of laser pulse duration on the ablation efficiency of metals

Author: Corinne Nouvellon, Pavel Palianov, A. Semerok, Béatrice Sallé, M. Perdrix, Guillaume Petite, P. Meynadier, Catherine Chaleard, Vincent Detalle, Sylvain Kocon, Patrick Mauchien, and Jean-Luc Lacour
Subjects: Materials science, Laser ablation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Pulse duration, Nanosecond, Laser, Ablation, law.invention, X-ray laser, Optics, law, Picosecond, Femtosecond, medicine, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Laser ablation of pure metals by femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond pulses is studied in air at atmospheric pressure. Craters created after interaction of visible and UV laser pulses with the targets are investigated. The dependence of the ablation efficiency in terms of ablated volume per unit of energy on the pulse duration is discussed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 1998
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42. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence for lanthanides and actinides analysis

Author: Valérie Moulin, Patrick Mauchien, P. Decambox, and Christophe Moulin
Subjects: Nuclear fuel cycle, Lanthanide, chemistry, Curium, Radiochemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Actinide, Uranium, PUREX, Laser-induced fluorescence, Fluorescence
Abstract: Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) is a very sensitive and selective method that has been used for actinides and lanthanides analysis in the nuclear fuel cycle. This technique has been used in different fields such as in geology, in the Purex process, in the environment, in the medical and in waste storage assessment. Spectroscopic data, limits of detection and results obtained in previously quoted fields are presented.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 1995
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43. Uranium and nitrate remote sensing in the nuclear fuel cycle by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Dominique Pouyat, Christophe Moulin, Laurent Couston, and P. Decambox
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Nuclear fuel cycle, technology, industry, and agriculture, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, complex mixtures, Fluorescence, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, chemistry, Standard addition, Optode, Laser-induced fluorescence, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Remote sensing
Abstract: Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence has been used for uranium and nitrate remote sensing in the nuclear fuel cycle. Advantages of this technique are aside sensitivity and selectivity, its ability to perform remote measurements via fiber optics and optode. Uranium is usually determined by the standard addition method but by applying a fluorescence model taking into account complexation and absorption phenomena, it is possible to directly determine uranium concentration. Nitrate concentration is determined after spectral deconvolution of the uranium fluorescence spectrum.
Published: 1994
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44. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence for lanthanides and actinides analysis

Author: Patrick Mauchien, Valérie Moulin, Christophe Moulin, and P. Decambox
Subjects: Lanthanide, Detection limit, Nuclear fuel cycle, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiochemistry, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Actinide, PUREX, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, Laser-induced fluorescence
Abstract: Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) is a very sensitive and selective method that has been used for actinides and lanthanides analysis in the nuclear fuel cycle. This technique has been used in different fields such as in geology, in the Purex process, in the environment, in the medical and in waste storage assessment. Spectroscopic data, limits of detection and results obtained in previously quoted fields are presented.
Published: 1994
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45. Depth profiling of ceramic coatings and nitrided steels with UV laser ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Author: Viktor Kanický, Patrick Mauchien, J.L. Lacour, Jean-Michel Mermet, and I. Novotný
Subjects: Profiling (computer programming), Materials science, medicine.medical_treatment, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Ablation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, visual_art, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, Uv laser, medicine, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic, Inductively coupled plasma, Nitriding, Atomic emission spectrometry
Abstract: No abstract available
Published: 1994
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46. SPECTROMÉTRIES DES RAYONNEMENTS ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES

Author: Patrick MAUCHIEN and Thierry BERTHOUD
Published: 1992
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47. ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF TIME-RESOLVED LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

Author: Christophe Moulin, P. Decambox, and Patrick Mauchien
Subjects: Detection limit, Nuclear fuel cycle, Lanthanide, Chemistry, Fuel cycle, 010401 analytical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Actinide, PUREX, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, Laser-induced fluorescence, Excitation
Abstract: Time Resolved Laser-Induced Spectrofluorometry (TRLIS) is a ve sensitive and ?' selective method that has been used for actinides and lanthanides analysis in the nuc ear fuel cycle. This technique has been used in different fields such as in geology, in the Purex process, in the environment, in the medical and in waste storage assessment. Spectroscopic data (A excitation, X emission, lifetime), limits of detection and results obtained in previously quoted fields are presented.
Published: 1991
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48. COMPARISON OF A Nd : YAG LASER AND A XeCl LASER FOR THE ABLATION OF SOLIDS IN SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Author: Patrick Mauchien, F. Chartier, Jean-Michel Mermet, and A. Briand
Subjects: business.industry, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, Ablation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, X-ray laser, Optics, law, Nd:YAG laser, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, business
Abstract: No abstract available
Published: 1991
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49. Influence of the laser characteristics on laser ablation processes

Author: Patrick Mauchien, A. Sriand, F. Chartier, and Jean-Michel Mermet
Subjects: Dye laser, Laser ablation, Materials science, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Laser pumping, Laser, law.invention, X-ray laser, Optics, law, Diode-pumped solid-state laser, business, Tunable laser
Abstract: Direct analysis of solid materials without sample digestion are requirement in analytical plasma emission spectrometry. Laser ablation permits the production of fine particles to be atomized, excited and ionized in a secondary source such as an inductively coupled plasma. Laser characteristics such as the pulse duration, the beam shape and the wavelength seem to play a significant role in the shape of the crater and the amount of ablated material. A Nd:YAG laser at 1064, 532 and 355 nm has been compared with a XeCl laser at 308 nm. Using the various lasers, crater shapes are described and amounts of ablated material are compared.
Published: 1990
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50. Spectrofluorimétrie moléculaire et spectrométrie de fluorescence atomique

Author: Patrick MAUCHIEN
Published: 1990
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