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Abstract In this work, we propose a four-dimensional gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model, obtained as a dimensional reduction from a transgression field theory invariant under the N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Poincaré supergroup. For this purpose, we consider that the two gauge connections on which the transgression action principle depends are given by linear and non-linear realizations of the gauge group respectively. The field content of the resulting four-dimensional theory is given by the gauge fields of the linear connection, in addition to a set of scalar and spinor multiplets in the same representation of the gauge supergroup, which in turn, correspond to the coordinates of the coset space between the gauge group and the five-dimensional Lorentz group. We then decompose the action in terms of four-dimensional quantities and derive the corresponding equations of motion. We extend our analysis to the non- and ultra- relativistic regimes.

Abstract In this paper, we present a generalized non-relativistic Chern–Simons gravity model in three spacetime dimensions. We first study the non-relativistic limit of the Mielke–Baekler gravity through a contraction process. The resulting non-relativistic theory contains a source for the spatial component of the torsion and the curvature measured in terms of two parameters, denoted by p and q. We then extend our results by defining a Newtonian version of the Mielke–Baekler gravity theory, based on a Newtonian like algebra which is obtained from the non-relativistic limit of an enhanced and enlarged relativistic algebra. Remarkably, in both cases, different known non-relativistic and Newtonian gravity theories can be derived by fixing the $$\left( p,q\right) $$ p , q parameters. In particular, torsionless models are recovered for $$q=0$$ q = 0 .

Abstract In this paper we present the Hietarinta Chern–Simons supergravity theory in three space-time dimensions which extends the simplest Poincaré supergravity theory. After approaching the construction of the action using the Chern–Simons formalism, the analysis of the corresponding asymptotic symmetry algebra is considered. For this purpose, we first propose a consistent set of asymptotic boundary conditions for the aforementioned supergravity theory whose underlying symmetry corresponds to the supersymmetric extension of the Hietarinta algebra. We then show that the corresponding charge algebra contains the super- $${{\mathfrak {bms}}}_{3}$$ bms 3 algebra as subalgebra, and has three independent central charges. We also show that the obtained asymptotic symmetry algebra can alternatively be recovered as a vanishing cosmological constant limit of three copies of the Virasoro algebra, one of which is augmented by supersymmetry.

Abstract In this work, we classify all extended and generalized kinematical Lie algebras that can be obtained by expanding the so $$ \mathfrak{so} $$ (2, 2) algebra. We show that the Lie algebra expansion method based on semigroups reproduces not only the original kinematical algebras but also a family of non- and ultra-relativistic algebras. Remarkably, the extended kinematical algebras obtained as sequential expansions of the AdS algebra are characterized by a non-degenerate bilinear invariant form, ensuring the construction of a well-defined Chern-Simons gravity action in three spacetime dimensions. Contrary to the contraction process, the degeneracy of the non-Lorentzian theories is avoided without extending the relativistic algebra but considering a bigger semigroup. Using the properties of the expansion procedure, we show that our construction also applies at the level of the Chern-Simons action.

Abstract In this work, we apply the semigroup expansion method of Lie algebras to construct novel and known three-dimensional hypergravity theories. We show that the expansion procedure considered here yields a consistent way of coupling different three-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theories with massless spin- 5 2 $$ \frac{5}{2} $$ gauge fields. First, by expanding the osp $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$ (1|4) superalgebra with a particular semigroup a generalized hyper-Poincaré algebra is found. Interestingly, the hyper-Poincaré and hyper-Maxwell algebras appear as subalgebras of this generalized hypersymmetry algebra. Then, we show that the generalized hyper-Poincaré CS gravity action can be written as a sum of diverse hypergravity CS Lagrangians. We extend our study to a generalized hyper-AdS gravity theory by considering a different semigroup. Both generalized hyperalgebras are then found to be related through an Inönü-Wigner contraction which can be seen as a generalization of the existing vanishing cosmological constant limit between the hyper-AdS and hyper-Poincaré gravity theories.

Abstract In this work we present a non-relativistic gravity theory defined in four spacetime dimensions using the MacDowell-Mansouri geometrical formulation. We obtain a Newtonian gravity action which is constructed from the curvature of a Newton-Hooke version of the so-called Newtonian algebra. We show that the non-relativistic gravity theory presented here contains the Poisson equation in presence of a cosmological constant. Moreover we make contact with the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) approach for gravity by considering a particular ansatz for a given gauge field. We extend our results to a generalized non-relativistic MacDowell-Mansouri gravity theory by considering a generalized Newton-Hooke algebra.

Abstract In this paper we present an alternative cosmological extension of the three-dimensional extended Newtonian Chern–Simons gravity by switching on the torsion. The theory is obtained as a non-relativistic limit of an enhancement and U(1)-enlargement of the so-called teleparallel algebra and can be seen as the teleparallel analogue of the Newtonian gravity theory. The infinite-dimensional extension of our result is also explored through the Lie algebra expansion method. An infinite-dimensional torsional Galilean gravity model is presented which in the vanishing cosmological constant limit reproduces the infinite-dimensional extension of the Galilean gravity theory.

Abstract In this paper, we present novel and known non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic spin-3 algebras, by considering the Lie algebra expansion method. We start by applying the expansion procedure using different semigroups to the spin-3 extension of the AdS algebra, leading to spin-3 extensions of known non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic algebras. We then generalize the procedure considering an infinite-dimensional semigroup, which allows to obtain a spin-3 extension of two new infinite families of the Newton-Hooke type and AdS Carroll type. We also present the construction of the gravity theories based on the aforementioned algebras. In particular, the expansion method based on semigroups also allows to derive the (non-degenerate) invariant bilinear forms, ensuring the proper construction of the Chern-Simons gravity actions. Interestingly, in the vanishing cosmological constant limit we recover the spin-3 extensions of the infinite-dimensional Galilean and infinite-dimensional Carroll gravity theories.

Abstract In this paper we present a torsional non-relativi-stic Chern–Simons (super)gravity theory in three spacetime dimensions. We start by developing the non-relativistic limit of the purely bosonic relativistic teleparallel Chern–Simons formulation of gravity. On-shell the latter yields a non-Riemannian setup with non-vanishing torsion, which, at non-relativistic level, translates into a non-vanishing spatial torsion sourced by the cosmological constant. Then we consider the three-dimensional relativistic $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$ N = 2 teleparallel Chern–Simons supergravity theory and obtain its non-relativistic counterpart by exploiting a Lie algebra expansion method. The non-relativistic supergravity theory is characterized, on-shell, by a non-vanishing spatial super-torsion, again sourced by the cosmological constant.

In this work we study the phase transitions between the planar charged AdS black hole and the planar charged soliton. The planar soliton is obtained as a double analytic continuation of the charged black hole metric, which also involves analytically continuing the electric charge. We show that there are phase transitions between both solutions depending on the electric potential, magnetic flux and temperature. The analysis is carried out in the grand-canonical ensemble.

Abstract In this work we present a gauge-invariant three-dimensional teleparallel supergravity theory using the Chern-Simons formalism. The present construction is based on a supersymmetric extension of a particular deformation of the Poincaré algebra. At the bosonic level the theory describes a non-Riemannian geometry with a non-vanishing torsion. In presence of supersymmetry, the teleparallel supergravity theory is characterized by a non-vanishing super-torsion in which the cosmological constant can be seen as a source for the torsion. We show that the teleparallel supergravity theory presented here reproduces the Poincaré supergravity in the vanishing cosmological limit. The extension of our results to $${\mathcal {N}}=p+q$$ N = p + q supersymmetries is also explored.

Abstract We present a supersymmetric extension of the exotic Newtonian Chern–Simons gravity theory in three spacetime dimensions. The underlying new non-relativistic superalgebra is obtained by expanding the $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$ N = 2 AdS superalgebra and can be written as two copies of the enhanced Nappi–Witten algebra, one of which is augmented by supersymmetry. We show that the exotic Newtonian superalgebra allows to introduce a cosmological constant to the extended Newtonian supergravity. Interestingly, the obtained supergravity action contains the extended Newton–Hooke supergravity as a sub-case.

Abstract In this work we present an alternative method to construct diverse non-relativistic Chern-Simons supergravity theories in three spacetime dimensions. To this end, we apply the Lie algebra expansion method based on semigroups to a supersymmetric extension of the Nappi-Witten algebra. Two different families of non-relativistic superalgebras are obtained, corresponding to generalizations of the extended Bargmann superalgebra and extended Newton-Hooke superalgebra, respectively. The expansion method considered here allows to obtain known and new non-relativistic supergravity models in a systematic way. In particular, it immediately provides an invariant tensor for the expanded superalgebra, which is essential to construct the corresponding Chern-Simons supergravity action. We show that the extended Bargmann supergravity and its Maxwellian generalization appear as particular subcases of a generalized extended Bargmann supergravity theory. In addition, we demonstrate that the generalized extended Bargmann and generalized extended Newton-Hooke supergravity families are related through a contraction process.

Abstract In this paper, we present two novel non-relativistic superalgebras which correspond to supersymmetric extensions of the enlarged extended Bargmann algebra. The three-dimensional non-relativistic Chern–Simons supergravity actions invariant under the aforementioned superalgebras are constructed. The new non-relativistic superalgebras allow to accommodate a cosmological constant in a non-relativistic supergravity theory. Interestingly, we show that one of the non-relativistic supergravity theories presented here leads to the recently introduced Maxwellian exotic Bargmann supergravity when the flat limit $$\ell \rightarrow \infty $$ ℓ → ∞ is considered. Besides, we show that both descriptions can be written in terms of a supersymmetric extension of the Nappi–Witten algebra or the extended Newton–Hooke superalgebra.

Abstract In the present work we find novel Newtonian gravity models in three space-time dimensions. We first present a Maxwellian version of the extended Newtonian gravity, which is obtained as the non-relativistic limit of a particular U(1)-enlargement of an enhanced Maxwell Chern-Simons gravity. We show that the extended Newtonian gravity appears as a particular sub-case. Then, the introduction of a cosmological constant to the Maxwellian extended Newtonian theory is also explored. To this purpose, we consider the non-relativistic limit of an enlarged symmetry. An alternative method to obtain our results is presented by applying the semigroup expansion method to the enhanced Nappi-Witten algebra. The advantages of considering the Lie algebra expansion procedure is also discussed.

Abstract We present a novel three-dimensional non-relativistic Chern-Simons supergravity theory invariant under a Maxwellian extended Bargmann superalgebra. We first study the non-relativistic limits of the minimal and the N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 Maxwell superalgebras. We show that a well-defined Maxwellian extended Bargmann supergravity requires to construct by hand a supersymmetric extension of the Maxwellian extended Bargmann algebra by introducing additional fermionic and bosonic generators. The new non-relativistic supergravity action presented here contains the extended Bargmann supergravity as a sub-case.

Abstract In this work we obtain known and new supersymmetric extensions of diverse asymptotic symmetries defined in three spacetime dimensions by considering the semigroup expansion method. The super-$$BMS_3$$ BMS3 , the superconformal algebra and new infinite-dimensional superalgebras are obtained by expanding the super-Virasoro algebra. The new superalgebras obtained are supersymmetric extensions of the asymptotic algebras of the Maxwell and the $$\mathfrak {so}(2,2)\oplus \mathfrak {so}(2,1)$$ so(2,2)⊕so(2,1) gravity theories. We extend our results to the $$\mathcal {N}=2$$ N=2 and $$\mathcal {N}=4$$ N=4 cases and find that R-symmetry generators are required. We also show that the new infinite-dimensional structures are related through a flat limit $$\ell \rightarrow \infty $$ ℓ→∞ .

In this work, we present the three-dimensional Maxwell Carroll gravity by considering the ultra-relativistic limit of the Maxwell Chern-Simons gravity theory defined in three spacetime dimensions. We show that an extension of the Maxwellian Carroll symmetry is necessary in order for the invariant tensor of the ultra-relativistic Maxwellian algebra to be non-degenerate. Consequently, we discuss the origin of the aforementioned algebra and theory as a flat limit. We show that the theoretical setup with cosmological constant yielding the extended Maxwellian Carroll Chern-Simons gravity in the vanishing cosmological constant limit is based on a new enlarged extended version of the Carroll symmetry. Indeed, the latter exhibits a non-degenerate invariant tensor allowing the proper construction of a Chern-Simons gravity theory which reproduces the extended Maxwellian Carroll gravity in the flat limit.

Abstract In this work we study a non-relativistic three dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theory based on an enlargement of the Extended Bargmann algebra. A finite nonrelativistic Chern-Simons gravity action is obtained through the non-relativistic contraction of a particular U(1) enlargement of the so-called AdS-Lorentz algebra. We show that the non-relativistic gravity theory introduced here reproduces the Maxwellian Exotic Bargmann gravity theory when a flat limit ℓ → ∞ is applied. We also present an alternative procedure to obtain the non-relativistic versions of the AdS-Lorentz and Maxwell algebras through the semigroup expansion method.

We present a new class of three-dimensional N-extended supergravity theories based on the N-extended Maxwell superalgebra with central charges and so(N) internal symmetry generators. The presence of so(N) generators is required in order to define a non-degenerate invariant inner product. Such symmetry allows us to construct an alternative supergravity action without cosmological constant term. Interestingly, the new theories can be obtained as a flat limit of a N-extended AdS-Lorentz supergravity theories enlarged with so(N) gauge fields.

A new approach for obtaining the three-dimensional Chern-Simons supergravity for the Poincaré algebra is presented. The N-extended Poincaré supergravity is obtained by expanding the super Lorentz theory. We extend our procedure to their respective asymptotic symmetries and show that the N=(1,2,4) super-BMS3 appear as expansions of one Virasoro superalgebra. Interestingly, the N-extended super-BMS3 obtained here are not only centrally extended but also endowed with internal symmetry. We also show that the N-extended super Poincaré algebras with both central and automorphism generators are finite subalgebras.

Abstract In this work we present a BMS-like ansatz for a Chern-Simons theory based on the semi-simple enlargement of the Poincaré symmetry, also known as AdS-Lorentz algebra. We start by showing that this ansatz is general enough to contain all the relevant stationary solutions of this theory and provides with suitable boundary conditions for the corresponding gauge connection. We find an explicit realization of the asymptotic symmetry at null infinity, which defines a semi-simple enlargement of the b m s 3 $$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_3 $$ algebra and turns out to be isomorphic to three copies of the Virasoro algebra. The flat limit of the theory is discussed at the level of the action, field equations, solutions and asymptotic symmetry.

Abstract The supersymmetry invariance of flat supergravity (i.e., supergravity in the absence of any internal scale in the Lagrangian) in four dimensions on a manifold with non-trivial boundary is explored. Using a geometric approach we find that the supersymmetry invariance of the Lagrangian requires to add appropriate boundary terms. This is achieved by considering additional gauge fields to the boundary without modifying the bulk Lagrangian. We also construct an enlarged supergravity model from which, in the vanishing cosmological constant limit, flat supergravity with a non-trivial boundary emerges properly.

Abstract We study a three-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theory based on the Maxwell algebra. We find that the boundary dynamics is described by an enlargement and deformation of the bms3 algebra with three independent central charges. This symmetry arises from a gravity action invariant under the local Maxwell group and is characterized by presence of Abelian generators which modify the commutation relations of the super-translations in the standard bms3 algebra. Our analysis is based on the charge algebra of the theory in the BMS gauge, which includes the known solutions of standard asymptotically flat case. The field content of the theory is different than the one of General Relativity, but it includes all its geometries as particular solutions. In this line, we also study the stationary solutions of the theory in ADM form and we show that the vacuum energy and the vacuum angular momentum of the stationary configuration are influenced by the presence of the gravitational Maxwell field.

The construction of the three-dimensional Chern–Simons supergravity theory invariant under the minimal Maxwell superalgebra is presented. We obtain a supergravity action without cosmological constant term characterized by three coupling constants. We also show that the Maxwell supergravity presented here appears as a vanishing cosmological constant limit of a minimal AdS–Lorentz supergravity. The flat limit is applied at the level of the superalgebra, Chern–Simons action, supersymmetry transformation laws and field equations.

We explore N=1 supersymmetric extensions of algebras going beyond the Poincaré and AdS ones in three spacetime dimensions. Besides reproducing two known examples, we present new superalgebras, which all correspond to supersymmetric extensions with one fermionic charge Qα concerning the so-called resonant algebras being characterized by the presence of an additional bosonic generator Za. We point out particular requirements that superalgebras have to satisfy to be successfully incorporated within valid supergravity actions. The presented algebraic and Lagrangian framework helps us better understand the relations between the various supergravity and supersymmetric Chern-Simons actions invariant under diverse resonant superalgebras.

We present a generalization of the so-called Maxwellian extended Bargmann algebra by considering a non-relativistic limit to a generalized Maxwell algebra defined in three spacetime dimensions. The non-relativistic Chern-Simons gravity theory based on this new algebra is also constructed and discussed. We point out that the extended Bargmann and its Maxwellian generalization are particular sub-cases of the generalized Maxwellian extended Bargmann gravity introduced here. The extension of our results using the semigroup expansion method is also discussed.

In this work we introduce a cosmological constant in the extended Newtonian gravity theory. To this end, we extend the exotic Newton-Hooke algebra by introducing new generators and central charges. The new algebra obtained here has been denoted as exotic Newtonian algebra and reproduces the extended Newtonian one in the flat limit ℓ→∞. A three-dimensional Chern-Simons action for the exotic Newtonian algebra is presented. We show that the non-relativistic gravity theory proposed here reproduces the most general extended Newtonian gravity theory in the flat limit.

The coupling of spin-3 gauge fields to three-dimensional Maxwell and AdS-Lorentz gravity theories is presented. After showing how the usual spin-3 extensions of the AdS and the Poincaré algebras in three dimensions can be obtained as expansions of sl(3,R) algebra, the procedure is generalized so as to define new higher-spin symmetries. Remarkably, the spin-3 extension of the Maxwell symmetry allows one to introduce a novel gravity model coupled to higher-spin topological matter with vanishing cosmological constant, which in turn corresponds to a flat limit of the AdS-Lorentz case. We extend our results to define two different families of higher-spin extensions of three-dimensional Einstein gravity.

Abstract By means of the Lie algebra expansion method, the centrally extended conformal algebra in two dimensions and the $$\mathfrak {bms}_{3}$$ bms3 algebra are obtained from the Virasoro algebra. We extend this result to construct new families of expanded Virasoro algebras that turn out to be infinite-dimensional lifts of the so-called $$\mathfrak {B}_{k}$$ Bk , $$\mathfrak {C}_{k}$$ Ck and $$\mathfrak {D}_{k}$$ Dk algebras recently introduced in the literature in the context of (super)gravity. We also show how some of these new infinite-dimensional symmetries can be obtained from expanded Kač–Moody algebras using modified Sugawara constructions. Applications in the context of three-dimensional gravity are briefly discussed.

We present a generalization of the n-dimensional (pure) Lovelock Gravity theory based on an enlarged Lorentz symmetry. In particular, we propose an alternative way to introduce a cosmological term. Interestingly, we show that the usual pure Lovelock gravity is recovered in a matter-free configuration. The five and six-dimensional cases are explicitly studied.