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Este articulo muestra la experiencia de la elaboracion del primer Plan de Visitas propuesto en la region media del rio Solimoes, Amazonas, realizado por los habitantes de la Tierra Indigena Jaquiri, localizada dentro de la Reserva Estadual de Desarrollo Sustentable Mamiraua. El objetivo planteado fue discutir el Plan de Visitas como una estrategia en el fortalecimiento del turismo de base comunitaria, consecuentemente, se manifiesta el interes de la aldea en desenvolver, a traves del Plan, acciones que valoricen y crien medios de visibilidad politica y cultural al colectivo indigena Kambeba, asi como una alternativa sostenible de ingresos, operando concomitantemente como un instrumento de fortalecimiento, gestion y proteccion de su territorio.

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis – DCCI. Coordenação Geral de Doenças em Eliminação – CGDE. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Universidade de Brasilia. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Brasília, DF, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis – DCCI. Coordenação Geral de Doenças em Eliminação – CGDE. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas,. Brasilia, DF, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis – DCCI. Coordenação Geral de Doenças em Eliminação – CGDE. Brasília, DF, Brasil Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis – DCCI. Coordenação Geral de Doenças em Eliminação – CGDE. Brasília, DF, Brasil Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Bauru, SP, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Hanseníase,. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Fundação Alfredo da Matta. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical. Manaus, AM, Brasil. Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas,. Brasilia, DF, Brasil / Universidade de Brasília. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical,. Brasília, DF, Brasil. Universidade de Brasilia. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Universidade de Brasília. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical,. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade UnB Ceilândia,. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Brazil ranks second among countries for new cases and first for relapse cases of leprosy worldwide. The Mycobacterium leprae Resistance Surveillance Plan was established. We aimed to present the results of a 2-year follow-up of the National Surveillance Plan in Brazil. A cross-sectional study of leprosy cases was performed to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Brazil from October 2018 to September 2020. Molecular screening targeting genes related to dapsone (folP1), rifampin (rpoB), and ofloxacin resistance (gyrA) was performed. During the referral period, 63,520 active leprosy patients were registered in Brazil, and 1,183 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for molecular AMR investigation. In total, only 16 (1.4%) patients had genetic polymorphisms associated with AMR. Of these, 8 (50%) had cases of leprosy relapse, 7 (43.8%) had cases of suspected therapeutic failure with standard treatment, and 1 (6.2%) was a case of new leprosy presentation. M. leprae strains with AMR-associated mutations were found for all three genes screened. Isolates from two patients showed simultaneous resistance to dapsone and rifampin, indicating multidrug resistance (MDR). No significant relationship between clinical variables and the presence of AMR was identified. Our study revealed a low frequency of AMR in Brazil. Isolates were resistant mainly to dapsone, and a very low number of isolates were resistant to rifampin, the main bactericidal agent for leprosy, or presented MDR, reinforcing the importance of the standard World Health Organization multidrug therapy. The greater frequency of AMR among relapsed patients supports the need to constantly monitor this group.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdm-10.1177_87564793221079805 for Abbreviated Ultrasonography Examination Protocols for COVID-19 Patients: A Streamlined Process to Reduce Staff Exposure by Cibele Luna, Indira Estanga and Rosa Patricia Castillo in Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Aim The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of parenting stress, self‐efficacy and COVID‐19 health risks on general stress among nurses in the Midwest, United States, during the pandemic. Background As frontline workers amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, nurses have been subject to stressors at home and at work. Method This quantitative, cross‐sectional study included 896 nurses with at least one child below 18 years of age. Using purposive sampling, participants answered an online survey composed of demographic questions, perception of COVID‐19 health risks, measures of self‐efficacy, general stress and parenting stress. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression were conducted. Data were collected from July 13 to August 13, 2020. Results The four predictors, along with eight demographic covariates, accounted for 40% of the variance in general stress. Parenting stress and COVID‐19 health risks were positively related to general stress, while self‐efficacy was negatively associated with general stress. Conclusions Results highlight the negative influence of parenting stress on nurses' general stress and the importance of self‐efficacy in reducing stress. Findings suggest that support services for nurses should focus not only on work‐related stressors but also consider parenting stressors, work‐home imbalances and self‐efficacy., Summary Statement What is already known about this topic?Nurses are experiencing acute stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic because of the close proximity in dealing with infected and dying patients.Healthcare workers who have childcare obligations are facing more responsibilities at home and are less willing to report to work during a pandemic.High self‐efficacy among nurses has been found to significantly relate to willingness to work during a pandemic and that lower self‐efficacy is related to increased fear in caring for infected patients. What is already known about this topic?This paper adds to the limited research on the effects of parenting stress on nurses. This paper shows that parenting stress does contribute to nurses' overall perceived stress.Concerns about the potential risks if nurses themselves were to become infected and worries about the potential risks to family due to the nurses' clinical roles are significantly related to their general stress.In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, self‐efficacy can serve as a protective factor against stress for nurses working in the frontlines. The implications of this paper:The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased work stress for nurses and contributed to challenges in finding the balance between the increased demands at home and work. To help mitigate stress and support wellbeing of nurses, health care institutions and nurse managers might consider arranging educational parenting support groups, allowing more flexible work hours or self‐scheduling, extended rest days, providing free or subsidized childcare and offering professional development opportunities that enhance self‐efficacy among nurses.Challenges experienced by nurses must be addressed as sustained levels of work‐life imbalance may contribute to nursing shortages as nurses succumb to the strain of the stress created by the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-16 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Leprosy is a disease with a clinical spectrum of presentations that is also manifested in diverse histological features. At one pole, lepromatous lesions (L-pole) have phagocytic foamy macrophages heavily parasitized with freely multiplying intracellular Mycobacterium leprae. At the other pole, the presence of epithelioid giant cells and granulomatous formation in tuberculoid lesions (T-pole) lead to the control of M. leprae replication and the containment of its spread. The mechanism that triggers this polarization is unknown, but macrophages are central in this process. Over the past few years, leprosy has been studied using large scale techniques to shed light on the basic pathways that, upon infection, rewire the host cellular metabolism and gene expression. M. leprae is particularly peculiar as it invades Schwann cells in the nerves, reprogramming their gene expression leading to a stem-like cell phenotype. This modulatory behavior exerted by M. leprae is also observed in skin macrophages. Here, we used live M. leprae to infect (10:1 multiplicity of infection) monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) for 48 h and analyzed the whole gene expression profile using microarrays. In this model, we observe an intense upregulation of genes consistent with a cellular immune response, with enriched pathways including peptide and protein secretion, leukocyte activation, inflammation, and cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis. Among the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are CCL5/RANTES and CYP27B1, and several members of the metallothionein and metalloproteinase families. This is consistent with a proinflammatory state that would resemble macrophage rewiring toward granulomatous formation observed at the T-pole. Furthermore, a comparison with a dataset retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus of M. leprae-infected Schwann cells (MOI 100:1) showed that the patterns among the DEGs are highly distinct, as the Schwann cells under these conditions had a scavenging and phagocytic gene profile similar to M2-like macrophages, with enriched pathways rearrangements in the cytoskeleton, lipid and cholesterol metabolism and upregulated genes including MVK, MSMO1, and LACC1/FAMIN. In summary, macrophages may have a central role in defining the paradigmatic cellular (T-pole) vs. humoral (L-pole) responses and it is likely that the multiplicity of infection and genetic polymorphisms in key genes are gearing this polarization. Fiocruz MS, Lab Hanseniase, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Inst Lauro de Souza Lima, Div Pesquisa & Ensino, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Doencas Trop, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Doencas Trop, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPERJ: E_09/2019 FAPERJ: E_34/2014 -PENSA RIO CNPq: 313657/2018-1 CNPq: 4000170/20172 FAPESP: 2015/01744-9

The study objective was to (1) develop a statistical model that creates a novel patient engagement score (PES) from electronic medical records (EMR) and health claim data, and (2) validate this developed score using health-related outcomes and charges of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). This study used 2014-16 EMR and health claim data of patients with MCCs from Sanford Health. Patient engagement score was created based on selected patients’ engagement behaviors using Gaussian finite mixture model. The PES was validated using multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to examine the associations between the PES and health-related outcomes, and hospital charges, respectively. Patient engagement score was generated from 5095 patient records and included low, medium, and high levels of patient engagement. The PES was a significant predictor for low-density lipoprotein, emergency department visit, hemoglobin A1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hospitalization, and hospital charge. The PES derived from patient behaviors recorded in EMR and health claim data can potentially serve as a patient engagement measure. Further study is needed to refine and validate the newly developed score.

Background:Nurses must be comfortable facilitating palliative and end-of-life communication with patients and their families.Aim:A validated instrument measuring the comfort of nurses with conducting end-of-life communication is essential for meeting the goals and wishes of patient care. This study aimed to develop and conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument.Methods:Face, content, and construct validity, including test-retest reliability, were conducted.Results:Four experts subjectively confirmed face content validity and the quantitative item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1 and scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. Principal axis factoring with Promax rotation yielded a five-factor solution accounting for 66.2% of the variance. The items loading on the five factors ranged from 0.46–0.96 (factor 1), 0.67–0.93 (factor 2), 0.49–0.86 (factor 3), 0.68–0.79 (factor 4), and 0.24–0.96 (factor 5). Internal consistency reliability (coefficient a) was 0.90 for the total C-COPE, and above 0.75 for each factor. The five factors are ‘cultural/spiritual considerations,’ ‘team considerations,’ ‘addressing decision-making,’ ‘addressing symptomatology,’ and ‘deliberate awareness.’ Test-retest reliability yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 (CI 95%, 0.82–0.91).Conclusions:The C-COPE is a reliable and valid instrument measuring nurse comfort with palliative and end of-life care communication, yet requires testing in more diverse samples.

Genetic studies in Borrelia require special consideration of the highly segmented genome, complex growth requirements and evolutionary distance of spirochetes from other genetically tractable bacteria. Despite these challenges, a robust molecular genetic toolbox has been constructed to investigate the biology and pathogenic potential of these important human pathogens. In this review we summarize the tools and techniques that are currently available for the genetic manipulation of Borrelia, including the relapsing fever spirochetes, viewing them in the context of their utility and shortcomings. Our primary objective is to help researchers discern what is feasible and what is not practical when thinking about potential genetic experiments in Borrelia. We have summarized published methods and highlighted their critical elements, but we are not providing detailed protocols. Although many advances have been made since B. burgdorferi was first transformed over 25 years ago, some standard genetic tools remain elusive for Borrelia. We mention these limitations and why they persist, if known. We hope to encourage investigators to explore what might be possible, in addition to optimizing what currently can be achieved, through genetic manipulation of Borrelia.

The prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth is increasing in an alarming rate nationwide with over 5 million students currently using e-cigarettes in 2019. To better understand e-cigarette use in South Dakota, we examined the prevalence, access, reasons, and harm perception of e-cigarette among South Dakota youth.We analyzed a representative sample of sixth to eighth grade students from the 2019 South Dakota Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS). Weighted estimates were computed to account for the complex sampling design and estimates were analyzed by geographic location and race/ethnicity.Among the 2,346 students, the prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes among middle school students was 16.0 percent, a nearly 100 percent increase from 2017 YTS findings (8.2 percent). Approximately, seven percent (6.7 percent) reported use of an e-cigarette in the past 30 days, a nearly threefold increase from 2017 results (2.5 percent). Prevalence of current e-cigarette use was significantly higher among American Indian (12.7 percent) students and rural (8.3 percent) school students. The most common reported reasons for e-cigarette use was having friends/ family members that use them (49.6 percent) but also availability of flavors (18.6 percent). E-cigarette users obtained e-cigarettes predominantly through social sources (e.g., friends and peers). Nearly 30 percent (27.3 percent) reported not having enough information about e-cigarette's harm.In 2019, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among South Dakota middle school students. We found geographic and racial/ethnic disparity in e-cigarette use. Social influence and availability of flavors were important factors in promoting e-cigarette use. Continued efforts to implement population-level strategies to reduce e-cigarette use among youth are needed.

Genetic studies in Borrelia require special consideration of the highly segmented genome, complex growth requirements and evolutionary distance of spirochetes from other genetically tractable bacteria. Despite these challenges, a robust molecular genetic toolbox has been constructed to investigate the biology and pathogenic potential of these important human pathogens. In this review we summarize the tools and techniques that are currently available for the genetic manipulation of Borrelia, including the relapsing fever spirochetes, viewing them in the context of their utility and shortcomings. Our primary objective is to help researchers discern what is feasible and what is not practical when thinking about potential genetic experiments in Borrelia. We have summarized published methods and highlighted their critical elements, but we are not providing detailed protocols. Although many advances have been made since B. burgdorferi was first transformed over 25 years ago, some standard genetic tools remain elusive for Borrelia. We mention these limitations and why they persist, if known. We hope to encourage investigators to explore what might be possible, in addition to optimizing what currently can be achieved, through genetic manipulation of Borrelia.

Gene function studies are facilitated by the availability of rapid and easy-to-use genetic tools. Homologous recombination-based methods traditionally used to genetically investigate gene function remain cumbersome to perform in B. burgdorferi, as they often are relatively inefficient., The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, an increasingly prevalent infection. While previous studies have provided important insight into B. burgdorferi biology, many aspects, including basic cellular processes, remain underexplored. To help speed up the discovery process, we adapted a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) platform for use in B. burgdorferi. For efficiency and flexibility of use, we generated various CRISPRi template constructs that produce different basal and induced levels of dcas9 and carry different antibiotic resistance markers. We characterized the effectiveness of our CRISPRi platform by targeting the motility and cell morphogenesis genes flaB, mreB, rodA, and ftsI, whose native expression levels span 2 orders of magnitude. For all four genes, we obtained gene repression efficiencies of at least 95%. We showed by darkfield microscopy and cryo-electron tomography that flagellin (FlaB) depletion reduced the length and number of periplasmic flagella, which impaired cellular motility and resulted in cell straightening. Depletion of FtsI caused cell filamentation, implicating this protein in cell division in B. burgdorferi. Finally, localized cell bulging in MreB- and RodA-depleted cells matched the locations of new peptidoglycan insertion specific to spirochetes of the Borrelia genus. These results therefore implicate MreB and RodA in the particular mode of cell wall elongation of these bacteria. Collectively, our results demonstrate the efficiency and ease of use of our B. burgdorferi CRISPRi platform, which should facilitate future genetic studies of this important pathogen. IMPORTANCE Gene function studies are facilitated by the availability of rapid and easy-to-use genetic tools. Homologous recombination-based methods traditionally used to genetically investigate gene function remain cumbersome to perform in B. burgdorferi, as they often are relatively inefficient. In comparison, our CRISPRi platform offers an easy and fast method to implement, as it only requires a single plasmid transformation step and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) addition to obtain potent (>95%) downregulation of gene expression. To facilitate studies of various genes in wild-type and genetically modified strains, we provide more than 30 CRISPRi plasmids that produce distinct levels of dcas9 expression and carry different antibiotic resistance markers. Our CRISPRi platform represents a useful and efficient complement to traditional genetic and chemical methods to study gene function in B. burgdorferi.

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, an increasingly prevalent infection. While previous studies have provided important insight into B. burgdorferi biology, many aspects, including basic cellular processes, remain underexplored. To help speed up the discovery process, we adapted a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) platform for use in B. burgdorferi. For efficiency and flexibility of use, we generated various CRISPRi template constructs that produce different basal and induced levels of dcas9 and carry different antibiotic resistance markers. We characterized the effectiveness of our CRISPRi platform by targeting the motility and cell morphogenesis genes flaB, mreB, rodA, and ftsI, whose native expression levels span two orders of magnitude. For all four genes, we obtained gene repression efficiencies of at least 95%. We showed by darkfield microscopy and cryo-electron tomography that flagellin (FlaB) depletion reduced the length and number of periplasmic flagella, which impaired cellular motility and resulted in cell straightening. Depletion of FtsI caused cell filamentation, implicating this protein in cell division in B. burgdorferi. Finally, localized cell bulging in MreB- and RodA-depleted cells matched the locations of new peptidoglycan insertion specific to spirochetes of the Borrelia genus. These results therefore implicate MreB and RodA in the particular mode of cell wall elongation of these bacteria. Collectively, our results demonstrate the efficiency and ease of use of our B. burgdorferi CRISPRi platform, which should facilitate future genetic studies of this important pathogen.IMPORTANCEGene function studies are facilitated by the availability of rapid and easy-to-use genetic tools. Homologous recombination-based methods traditionally used to genetically investigate gene function remain cumbersome to perform in B. burgdorferi, as they often are relatively inefficient. In comparison, our CRISPRi platform offers an easy and fast method to implement as it only requires a single plasmid transformation step and IPTG addition to obtain potent (>95%) downregulation of gene expression. To facilitate studies of various genes in wild-type and genetically modified strains, we provide over 30 CRISPRi plasmids that produce distinct levels of dcas9 expression and carry different antibiotic resistance markers. Our CRISPRi platform represents a useful and efficient complement to traditional genetic and chemical methods to study gene function in B. burgdorferi.

Although communication capabilities are displayed by many vertebrate groups, some repertoires are poorly known, such as the case of xenarthrans, particularly armadillos, for which vocalization as a source of communicating to others remains poorly understood and relies on punctual reports of sounds. Here we provide the first description of a behavioral response associated with sound emission of two subjects of Dasypus novemcinctus. Both audio and visual registration was performed to subsequent analyses of expressed behaviors and emitted calls, which accounted for 76 vocalizations from a total of eight video recordings randomly collected from 2017 to 2019. Sound is acoustically characterized by both inhale and exhale phases composed of two vocal units, and no harmonic structure was observed. Once the subjects have always produced these vocalizations while cornered and exhibiting defensive behavior against another subject/human disturbance, these vocalizations were termed as distress. Subjects produced a hiss-purr-like sound while trying to avoid contact with another by bowing or lowering their bodies, humping, or even moving elsewhere when sound production ceased. This shows that the sound repertoire of armadillos is still to be unveiled and seems to be much more complex than previously thought.

Leptospires and other members of the evolutionarily ancient phylum of Spirochaetes are bacteria often characterized by long, highly motile spiral- or wave-shaped cells. Morphology and motility are critical factors in spirochete physiology, contributing to the ability of these bacteria to successfully colonize diverse environments. However, the mechanisms conferring the helical structure of Leptospira spp. have yet to be fully elucidated. We have identified five Leptospira biflexa bactofilin proteins, a recently characterized protein family with cytoskeletal properties. These five bactofilins are conserved in all species of the Leptospiraceae, indicating that these proteins arose early in the evolution of this family. One member of this protein family, LbbD, confers the optimal pitch distance in the helical structure of L. biflexa. Mutants lacking lbbD display a unique compressed helical morphology, a reduced motility and a decreased ability to tolerate cell wall stressors. The change in the helical spacing, combined with the motility and cell wall integrity defects, showcases the intimate relationship and coevolution between shape and motility in these spirochetes.

Para interlocutores Ticuna casar e constituir conjugalidade são formas particulares de expressar as relações entre pessoas e suas capacidades agentivas, fazendo aparecer domínios generizados de socialidades através dos quais observamos operar regimes complexos de saberes, estruturas de troca e de etiquetas políticas. Ao examinar o processo matrimonial de Constância, este texto lança luzes sobre modos ticuna de administrar relações de parentesco, especificamente aquelas mobilizadas pelas capacidades predatórias femininas relacionadas à domesticação de uma categoria de afinidade potencial interétnica em um genro verdadeiro. A partir dessa situação etnográfica apresenta-se uma formulação inicial sobre práticas femininas de consanguinização de pontos de vista outros, acompanhando, para isso, os sentidos contidos nas ações de amansar marido, alterando antigos inimigos em bons esposos.Palavras-chaves: mulheres ticuna; predação familiarizante; gênero; aliança

Background Nurses are among the frontline healthcare workers directly impacted by the burden of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of emotional distress and the associated factors among nurses practicing in South Dakota during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online survey was conducted among practicing, licensed nurses in South Dakota during the pandemic (July 2020 – August 2020). Emotional distress was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association of emotional distress and the three DASS-21 subscales with: sociodemographic and work environment factors (e.g., work setting, job satisfaction, number of COVID-19 cases seen at the facility, preparedness, concerns with worsening pre-exiting mental health conditions due to the pandemic, and contracting the illness). Results Among 1505 participants, overall emotional distress was reported by 22.2%, while anxiety, depression and stress were 15.8%, 14.5% and 11.9%, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to severe emotional distress, depression, anxiety, and stress were as follows: concerns for worsening of pre-existing mental health conditions, job dissatisfaction, encountering higher number of COVID-19 cases at one's work facility, feeling unprepared for the pandemic, and concern for contracting the illness (all p

Comprehending how the new tourist travels and how they search for information is a crucial step for all brands and marketeers. As a result, the analysis of new trends in tourism due to the use of social media, specifically Instagram and the use of digital influencers in marketing strategies, is the prevalent theme of this chapter since these new advances cannot be ignored if a business/destination aims to keep their competitive advantage. The analysis used was based on Quivy's model, through an online questionnaire. The results then showed a positive impact of Instagram's influencers on consumer travel behaviour, in particular when it comes to brand awareness.

Embasado na relação de interlocução e pesquisa realizada com índios Ticuna, população ameríndia habitante de áreas localizadas às margens e aos interflúvios do rio Solimões, no Amazonas, este artigo adota a perspectiva descritiva e narrativa de um “caiguwaecu”, “parente com jeito de mulher”, para discutir, a partir dela, as formas através das quais um jovem indígena habita as normas que incidem sobre a fabricação generizada da pessoa e produz modulações no parentesco, alterando sua posição de homem solteiro para esposa potencial (namã), recriando para si um domínio de feminino.

When the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, transfers from a feeding tick into a human or other vertebrate host, the bacterium produces vertebrate-specific proteins and represses factors needed for arthropod colonization. Previous studies determined that the B. burgdorferi BpuR protein binds to its own mRNA and autoregulates its translation, and also serves as co-repressor of erp transcription. Here, we demonstrate that B. burgdorferi controls transcription of bpuR, expressing high levels of bpuR during tick colonization but significantly less during mammalian infection. The master regulator of chromosomal replication, DnaA, was found to bind specifically to a DNA sequence that overlaps the bpuR promoter. Cultured B. burgdorferi that were genetically manipulated to produce elevated levels of BpuR exhibited altered levels of several proteins, although BpuR did not impact mRNA levels. Among these was the SodA superoxide dismutase, which is essential for mammalian infection. BpuR bound to sodA mRNA in live B. burgdorferi, and a specific BpuR-binding site was mapped 5 ' of the sodA open reading frame. Recognition of posttranscriptional regulation of protein levels by BpuR adds another layer to our understanding of the B. burgdorferi regulome, and provides further evidence that bacterial protein levels do not always correlate directly with mRNA levels. National Institutes of Heath [R21AI120602, R21AI139956, R03AI113648, P20GM113123]; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; High-End Instrumentation Grant [S10RR029127]; Office of the Vice President for Research; Markey Cancer Center; NCI Center Core Support Grant [P30 CA177558] These studies were funded by grants from the National Institutes of Heath: R21AI120602 (to B. Stevenson), R21AI139956 (to B. Stevenson, C.A. Brissette, W.R. Zuckert, and P. Schlax), R03AI113648 (to B. Stevenson, J. Seshu, and J. Livny) and P20GM113123 (to C.A. Brissette); and by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (to P.E. Stewart, K. Tilly, A. Bestor, and P.A Rosa). The Orbitrap mass spectrometer was acquired by High-End Instrumentation Grant S10RR029127 (to H. Zhu). The University of Kentucky Flow Cytometry & Immune Function core facility is supported in part by the Office of the Vice President for Research, the Markey Cancer Center and an NCI Center Core Support Grant (P30 CA177558) to the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center.

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar a perspectiva intercultural trazendo para discussão novos desafios e velhas questões para a formação docente. Através das contribuições teóricas de Azibeiro (2003), Freire (1988), Mendes (2019; 2020), Paraquett (2010), Rosa (2017), Tubino (2012), entre outros, alguns resultados dos estudos realizados no doutorado em Língua e Cultura da Universidade Federal da Bahia são apresentados. Para responder as perguntas de pesquisa, foram utilizados três instrumentos de geração de dados (questionário, entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros etnográficos) além da análise dos documentos (projeto pedagógico do curso e os programas dos componentes curriculares). Os resultados trazem à tona questões e implicações que aprofundam a compreensão da perspectiva intercultural como um dos desafios para a formação docente.

The saprophyte Leptospira biflexa is an excellent model for studying the physiology of the medically important Leptospira genus, the pathogenic members of which are more recalcitrant to genetic manipulation and have significantly slower in vitro growth. However, relatively little is known regarding the proteome of L. biflexa , limiting its utility as a model for some studies. Therefore, we have generated a proteomic map of both soluble and membrane-associated proteins of L. biflexa during exponential growth and in stationary phase. Using these data, we identified abundantly produced proteins in each cellular fraction and quantified the transcript levels from a subset of these genes using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). These proteins should prove useful as cellular markers and as controls for gene expression studies. We also observed a significant number of L. biflexa membrane-associated proteins with multiple isoforms, each having unique isoelectric focusing points. L. biflexa cell lysates were examined for several posttranslational modifications suggested by the protein patterns. Methylation and acetylation of lysine residues were predominately observed in the proteins of the membrane-associated fraction, while phosphorylation was detected mainly among soluble proteins. These three posttranslational modification systems appear to be conserved between the free-living species L. biflexa and the pathogenic species Leptospira interrogans , suggesting an important physiological advantage despite the varied life cycles of the different species.

Genetic manipulation of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi remains cumbersome, despite significant progress in the field. The scarcity of molecular reagents available for use in this pathogen has slowed research efforts to study its unusual biology. Of interest, B. burgdorferi displays complex cellular organization features that have yet to be understood. These include an unusual morphology and a highly fragmented genome, both of which are likely to play important roles in the bacterium’s transmission, infectivity, and persistence. Here, we complement and expand the array of molecular tools available for use in B. burgdorferi by generating and characterizing multiple fluorescent proteins, antibiotic selection markers, and promoters of varied strengths. These tools will facilitate investigations in this important human pathogen, as exemplified by the polar and midcell localization of the cell envelope regulator BB0323, which we uncovered using these reagents., Lyme disease is the most widely reported vector-borne disease in the United States. Its incidence is rapidly increasing, and disease symptoms can be debilitating. The need to understand the biology of the disease agent, the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is thus evermore pressing. Despite important advances in B. burgdorferi genetics, the array of molecular tools available for use in this organism remains limited, especially for cell biological studies. Here, we adapt a palette of bright and mostly monomeric fluorescent proteins for versatile use and multicolor imaging in B. burgdorferi. We also characterize two novel antibiotic selection markers and establish the feasibility of their use in conjunction with extant markers. Last, we describe a set of promoters of low and intermediate strengths that allow fine-tuning of gene expression levels. These molecular tools complement and expand current experimental capabilities in B. burgdorferi, which will facilitate future investigation of this important human pathogen. To showcase the usefulness of these reagents, we used them to investigate the subcellular localization of BB0323, a B. burgdorferi lipoprotein essential for survival in the host and vector environments. We show that BB0323 accumulates at the cell poles and future division sites of B. burgdorferi cells, highlighting the complex subcellular organization of this spirochete. IMPORTANCE Genetic manipulation of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi remains cumbersome, despite significant progress in the field. The scarcity of molecular reagents available for use in this pathogen has slowed research efforts to study its unusual biology. Of interest, B. burgdorferi displays complex cellular organization features that have yet to be understood. These include an unusual morphology and a highly fragmented genome, both of which are likely to play important roles in the bacterium’s transmission, infectivity, and persistence. Here, we complement and expand the array of molecular tools available for use in B. burgdorferi by generating and characterizing multiple fluorescent proteins, antibiotic selection markers, and promoters of varied strengths. These tools will facilitate investigations in this important human pathogen, as exemplified by the polar and midcell localization of the cell envelope regulator BB0323, which we uncovered using these reagents.

Introduction The All Women Count! (AWC!) program is a no-cost breast and cervical cancer screening program for qualifying women in South Dakota. Our study aimed to identify counties with similar socioeconomic characteristics and to estimate the number of women who will use the program for the next 5 years. Methods We used AWC! data and sociodemographic predictor variables (eg, poverty level [percentage of the population with an annual income at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level], median income) and a mixture of Gaussian regression time series models to perform clustering and forecasting simultaneously. Model selection was performed by using Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Forecasting of the predictor variables was done by using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Results By using BIC, we identified 5 clusters showing the groups of South Dakota counties with similar characteristics in terms of predictor variables and the number of participants. The mixture model identified groups of counties with increasing or decreasing trends in participation and forecast averages per cluster. Conclusion The mixture of regression time series model used in this study allowed for the identification of similar counties and provided a forecasting model for future years. Although several predictors contributed to program participation, we believe our forecasting analysis by county may provide useful information to improve the implementation of the AWC! program by informing program managers on the expected number of participants in the next 5 years. This, in turn, will help in data-driven resource allocation.

Lyme disease is the most widely reported vector-borne disease in the United States. Its incidence is rapidly increasing and disease symptoms can be debilitating. The need to understand the biology of the disease agent, the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi, is thus evermore pressing. Despite important advances inB. burgdorferigenetics, the array of molecular tools available for use in this organism remains limited, especially for cell biological studies. Here, we adapt a palette of bright and mostly monomeric fluorescent proteins for versatile use and multi-color imaging inB. burgdorferi. We also characterize two novel antibiotic selection markers and establish the feasibility of their use in conjunction with extant markers. Lastly, we describe a set of constitutively active promoters of low and intermediate strengths that allow fine-tuning of gene expression levels. These molecular tools complement and expand current experimental capabilities inB. burgdorferi, which will facilitate future investigation of this important human pathogen. To showcase the usefulness of these reagents, we used them to investigate the subcellular localization of BB0323, aB. burgdorferilipoprotein essential for survival in the host and vector environments. We show that BB0323 accumulates at the cell poles and future division sites ofB. burgdorfericells, highlighting the complex subcellular organization of this spirochete.IMPORTANCEGenetic manipulation of the Lyme disease spirocheteB. burgdorferiremains cumbersome, despite significant progress in the field. The scarcity of molecular reagents available for use in this pathogen has slowed research efforts to study its unusual biology. Of interest,B. burgdorferidisplays complex cellular organization features that have yet to be understood. These include an unusual morphology and a highly fragmented genome, both of which are likely to play important roles in the bacterium’s transmission, infectivity, and persistence. Here, we complement and expand the array of molecular tools available for use inB. burgdorferiby generating and characterizing multiple fluorescent proteins, antibiotic selection markers, and constitutively active promoters of different strengths. These tools will facilitate investigations in this important human pathogen, as exemplified by the polar and midcell localization of the cell envelope regulator BB0323, which we uncovered using these reagents.