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This positioning paper presents a new paradigm for the history of both nursing and medicine that will involve studying these actors and their practices in relation to each other rather than, as we have done, in isolation. This is not to say that both disciplines have had the same orientation and the same ambitions. Nursing, as I argue, has had a more constant focus and impact on its particular communities; medicine, by contrast, more successfully articulated a commitment to depersonalized knowledge and expertise that seemed to transcend individual and community experiences. Yet these may be the two sides of the same proverbial coin. Nursing and medicine needed each other to make their particular claims to authority and expertise and, in the end, to achieve the success of their "scientific agenda."

Objective: to reconstruct Ethel Parsons’ biographical aspects in the centenary of the technical cooperation mission for nursing development in Brazil. Method: biographical research, carried out using the historical sources analysis method, which consists of reading and interpreting the collected documents. Results: from a renowned family, Ethel Parsons was head of public health services and worked for the American Red Cross before being appointed to coordinate the Rockefeller Foundation mission in Brazil, where she inaugurated the Anglo-American model of nursing. For ten years, Parsons dedicated herself to leading such a mission, which resulted in implementation and dissemination, by decree, of the Anglo-American model of nursing. In 1931, she returned to her country, where she died in 1953. Conclusion: Ethel Parsons stood out in the 20th century as a woman and a nurse, leading public health care services in the USA and Brazil. Her biography demonstrates an ideal of professionalization and science to be conquered by nursing in the care and educational scenario, which influenced the design of a collective identity for Brazilian nursing.

The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported.To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia.Preplanned secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02507505).46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals.Patients aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery.Spinal or general anesthesia.Pain on postoperative days 1 through 3; 60-, 180-, and 365-day pain and prescription analgesic use; and satisfaction with care.A total of 1600 patients were enrolled. The average age was 78 years, and 77% were women. A total of 73.5% (1050 of 1428) of patients reported severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Worst pain over the first 24 hours after surgery was greater with spinal anesthesia (rated from 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain imaginable]; mean difference, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.68]). Pain did not differ across groups at other time points. Prescription analgesic use at 60 days occurred in 25% (141 of 563) and 18.8% (108 of 574) of patients assigned to spinal and general anesthesia, respectively (relative risk, 1.33 [CI, 1.06 to 1.65]). Satisfaction was similar across groups.Missing outcome data and multiple outcomes assessed.Severe pain is common after hip fracture. Spinal anesthesia was associated with more pain in the first 24 hours after surgery and more prescription analgesic use at 60 days compared with general anesthesia.Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

One in five Americans adults report experiencing chronic pain and stated it has negatively impacted their lives by limiting their engagement in activities. The magnitude of pain experienced is more severe in older adults, which may be due to age-related differences in pain perception pathways leaving older adults more vulnerable to the negative impact of pain. The most common type of chronic pain experienced by older adults involves musculoskeletal disorders, which is consistent with age-related declines muscle strength and mass. Declines in handgrip strength is associated with chronic pain perception and poor cognitive functioning. Older adults who experience severe chronic pain have worse working memory and attention. The experience of chronic pain is attentionally demanding on cognitive processes making it difficult for older adults to draw their attention away from pain perception during cognitively demanding tasks. Chronic pain is also associated with accelerated decline in cognition, dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease pathogenesis. As a GSA policy intern, I represented GSA in the Protecting Access to Pain Relief Coalition to explore policy initiatives and recommendations in relation to chronic pain experienced by older adults. Research on chronic pains’ impact on cognitive and physical function is often conducted in isolation. However, they seldom occur in isolation during real-world tasks. Therefore, research on tasks that involve simultaneous physical and cognitive functioning in relation to chronic pain is imperative. In addition, handgrip strength should be considered as a useful cost-effective screening tool as a measure for cognitive decline in older adults with chronic pain.

Algase et al, in “An Eye Toward the Future,” presents as facts concepts like “discipline,” “nursing science,” and “unique knowledge” that have long been understood by historians as context-based and contingent. Our history with these concepts is much more complicated – and more interesting. It suggests research, in general, and interdisciplinary research, in particular, is not just about knowledge per se, but also about political positioning, social imperatives, and personal preferences. The questions and answers should not be based on essentialist nursing assumptions about who does what for whom but on the quality of shared and interdisciplinary outcomes for our patients, families, and communities.

RESUMO Objetivo: reconstruir aspectos biográficos de Ethel Parsons no centenário da missão de cooperação técnica para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem no Brasil. Método: pesquisa biográfica, realizada pelo método de análise de fontes históricas, que consiste em leitura e interpretação dos documentos coletados. Resultados: de família renomada, Ethel Parsons ocupou chefias de serviços de saúde pública e atuou na Cruz Vermelha Americana antes de ser indicada para coordenar a missão da Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil, onde inaugurou o modelo anglo-americano de enfermagem. Por dez anos, Parsons se dedicou a liderar tal missão, que resultou na implantação e difusão, por força de decreto, do modelo anglo-americano de enfermagem. Em 1931, retornou a seu país, onde faleceu em 1953. Conclusão: Ethel Parsons se destacou no século XX como mulher e enfermeira, liderando serviços assistenciais de saúde pública nos EUA e no Brasil. Sua biografia demonstra um ideal de profissionalização e ciência a ser conquistado pela enfermagem no cenário assistencial e educacional, que influenciou no delineamento de uma identidade coletiva da enfermagem brasileira.

A nimble and flexible regulatory response regarding the nursing workforce is essential to a fully integrated public health approach to national crises and pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn many comparisons to the 1918 Flu Pandemic. Some of them are well-reasoned and grounded in evidence. Other are not. This study provides a historically contextualized analysis of how the 1918 flu pandemic helped shape Pennsylvania nursing's current regulatory apparatus. We conclude that the state-based solutions that nursing registration represents are inadequate to deal with pandemics and crises with national, if not global, reach. We need to move immediately toward the national COMPACT system, while mindful of how regulatory processes and procedures can reinforce structural inequities.

Ample evidence and stereotype embodiment theory indicate that older adults’ internalized beliefs about aging are related to their health and well-being over time. Aging beliefs are constructed and reinforced socioculturally, interpersonally, and structurally, the latter of which includes federal, state, and local policies. For instance, policies affect resource allocation for Older Americans Act programs, job security and safeguarding from workplace age discrimination, access to medical services or treatments, and financial well-being via tax and retirement law. Heterogeneity in community and organization-level public health policies during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic also shaped and were shaped by beliefs about aging. Further, policies that acknowledge and address ageism not only promote positive health, social, and financial outcomes for older adults, but also allow all of the public to benefit from older adults’ participation in society. As a GSA policy intern, I tracked and analyzed legislation that is relevant for optimal aging outcomes, identified implicit age bias in policy, and framed policy recommendations that promote positive aging beliefs. Effective policies and collective action that reduce ageism, facilitate intergenerational contact, and ensure access to necessary services have the potential to benefit all of us as we age, not only directly, but also indirectly through beliefs about aging.

In the U.S., cancer and its related issues have an impact on public health, such as increased death rates and economic burdens due to lost productivity and associated treatment costs. Along the cancer control continuum, there are ample opportunities to enact policies that can improve cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship. As the US population ages, health policies that address barriers to cancer prevention and optimal survivorship care for older adults will be key. The intersection of policy and public health has gained momentum in the last decade. Changes resulting from the Affordable Care Act and President Biden’s recently set goals (i.e. reduce age-adjusted death rates from cancer by at least 50% and improving the experience of people and their families living with and surviving cancer) for the Cancer Moonshot program have ignited the role of public health policy and its implications among the US population. As a policy intern, I had the opportunity to advocate on behalf of GSA, the nation’s largest aging organization, for research initiatives (e.g. ARPA-H) that amplify opportunities to address policies in public health. Advocating for initiatives that accelerate the government’s biomedical and health research to embrace a geroscience approach will continue to spearhead much needed opportunities to directly impact policies surrounding aging and cancer.

Clinical practice is direct and indirect work with and for patients to improve their wellbeing. Typically, clinical practice is specific to the discipline and institutional body in which providers work. Additionally, caring for older adults requires a review of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of their health to address their needs and diseases. Therefore, policy has significant albeit gradual effects on clinical practice. Health policies and legislation change clinical guidelines, options, and barriers. Federal and state-level policies influence clinical practice factors such as billing, provider knowledge, student training, treatment access, and availability of interventions. Understanding the needs of both patients and providers is imperative to creating clinical practices in line with policy. The collaboration between researchers, providers, and policymakers promotes inclusive and equitable recommendations for health care practices. Yet, often health policy at the federal level is a formidable dynamic that requires expertise and cooperation for all stakeholders that is often not readily accessible. A critical component of this work is reaching providers and patients where they are most often located with information dissemination and outreach efforts. As a GSA policy intern, I explored policy initiatives that directly and indirectly influenced clinical practice across disciplines from the Department of Health of Human Services, National Institute of Aging at NIH, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and other agencies and reviewed methods that promoted health equity in health care. We need better policy to improve our clinical practice to increase treatment options, expand access, and tailor delivery for our patients.

GSA continues to support our members through career development activities. These activities are designed to empower members to develop the necessary skills to advance their careers as leaders in the field of aging. Through activities like the GSA NIA R13 Diversity, Mentoring, and Career Development Technical Assistance Workshop, we strive to support, promote, and advance the training of diverse students in aging. This presentation will discuss how the experiences with this R13 project and other career development efforts inform additional activities of the Society through a well-framed aging lens. We also discuss the process of soliciting funding to support leadership training and the role that GSA can play in the application process.

Redesigning our nursing home care system will require substantial policy change, and we know that policy change needs an effective framing strategy. This panel will include speakers who have been studying public mindsets and opinions about nursing home care and its implications for advocacy communications. We will also talk about the implications of this research for the larger reframing aging initiative.

Our public health system is advancing activities to prioritize the health and well-being of older adults and recognizes the importance of policies to support us all as we age. Faculty will discuss national efforts underway to inform and support an age-friendly ecosystem.

Summary Engaging patients—defined broadly as individuals with lived experience of a given condition, family members, caregivers, and the organisations that represent them—as partners in research is a priority for policymakers, funders, and the public. Nonetheless, formal efforts to engage patients are absent from most studies, and models to support meaningful patient engagement in clinical anaesthesia research have not been previously described. Here, we review our experience in developing and implementing a multifaceted patient engagement strategy within the Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence After Hip Fracture (REGAIN) surgery trial, an ongoing randomised trial comparing spinal vs general anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in 1600 older adults across 45 hospitals in the USA and Canada. This strategy engaged patients and their representatives at both the level of overall trial oversight and at the level of individual recruiting sites. Activities spanned a continuum ranging from events designed to elicit patients' input on key decisions to longitudinal collaborations that empowered patients to actively participate in decision-making related to trial design and management. Engagement activities were highly acceptable to participants and led to concrete changes in the design and conduct of the REGAIN trial. The REGAIN experience offers a model for future efforts to engage patients as partners in clinical anaesthesia research, and highlights potential opportunities for investigators to increase the relevance of anaesthesia studies by incorporating patient voices and perspectives into the research process.

The Brazilian first republic sought to organize society and amplify its potential for political and economic development, an objective hindered by the precarious health conditions of a population devastated by epidemics. An alliance between Brazil and the United States, mediated by the Rockefeller Foundation, gave birth to the arrival of Ethel Parsons in Brazil and the Parsons Mission, which developed strategies to implant a model for raising the standards of nursing in Brazil. This article offers background information about the Parsons Mission, and discusses its impact in public health and nursing education. History shows that the creation and organization of a public nursing health service, in addition to a nursing school based on Anglo-American models, were successful strategies in the construction of a new professional identity for nurses and for the recognition of nursing as a female profession.

Este trabalho apresenta uma analise da aplicacao da metodologia do Design Thinking na disciplina de Introducao a Engenharia com o objetivo de integrar as areas do conhecimento – Design e Engenharia – e alcancar a inovacao no processo de desenvolvimento de novos projetos. O Design Thinking e uma metodologia para solucionar problemas complexos que utiliza e aplica ferramentas do Design, centralizando o processo nas pessoas e em suas necessidades, por meio do raciocinio associativo e do pensamento analitico. Por meio da descentralizacao da pratica do Design das maos de profissionais especializados – no caso os Designers - e uma abordagem que permite que seus principios sejam adotados por pessoas atuantes em diversas areas profissionais – como a Engenharia, por exemplo. Como objeto de estudo da pesquisa foi abordado o Projeto “OpenFab”, integrado a disciplina Introducao a Engenharia, ministrada durante o 1o semestre de 2018 aos alunos da 1a serie dos cursos de Engenharia do Instituto Maua de Tecnologia. O objetivo deste estudo e observar o processo de desenvolvimento de um projeto de Engenharia utilizando uma metodologia de Design, analisando seus efeitos e impactos como estrategia de ensino na aprendizagem dos estudantes, logo no inicio do curso, considerando as dimensoes relativas as competencias tecnico-cientificas e os conhecimentos interdisciplinares possiveis e existentes.

Aiming to integrate the knowledge from Design, Business and Engineering, and achieve innovation in teaching and learning process of new product or service development, this paper presents the “OpenFab” experience, applied in the Engineering Fundamentals discipline, to the students entering the Engineering courses. The study observes the process of development of a preliminary engineering project using a Design methodology and applying the principles of Management, analyzing its effects and impacts as teaching strategies in the students’ learning. It was also observed the dimensions related to the technical-scientific competences and the possible and existing interdisciplinary knowledge, and other soft skills like teamwork, creativity and problem solving. The activity also aims to bring together the disciplines of Physics, Chemistry, Drawing, Calculus and Programming, addressing not only the technical resolution of a problem, but solutions in a wide range of social and environmental contexts through entrepreneurial actions. The Fab Lab was widely used by students to make models and prototypes, developing autonomy and integration through the provision of appropriate space, technical support and all the necessary resources for project development. Students were able to experience a practical application of theoretical subjects in real time, developing a new product or service.

The goal of the GSA NIA R13 Diversity Mentoring and Career Development Technical Assistance Workshop (GSA Diversity TAW) is to support, promote, and advance the training of diverse students in aging research. The program’s main aim is to increase the number of early career scientists who are historically underrepresented in gerontological research. Thus, from 2018 to 2020, more than 60 trainees and 16 faculty from diverse backgrounds participated in this unique gerontological training that included peer mentoring opportunities and engagements at the GSA Annual Meeting. The workshop curriculum included scientific presentations, networking, NIH grant preparation, career planning, and effective professional communication. Trainees and faculty were involved in the evaluation of the workshop, which included electronic surveys and focus groups that informed the design and curriculum of subsequent workshops. This paper will discuss the curricular design and objectives of the GSA Diversity TAW and present a summary of the trainees’ feedback results about the program and the iterative changes made based on that data.