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In this study, we will studie (I) Psychometric Properties: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the PID-5-SF in a community sample of emerging adults (2) stability and change over a 3-year period

NOTE: FOR BETTER LAYOUT OPTIONS, SEE THE PREREGISTRATION TEMPLATE FOR SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS ATTACHED For emerging adults, social media plays a crucial role in their daily life. Contemporary literature emphasizes the link between higher use of social media and an increased prevalence of maladaptive mental health outcomes. The growing body of research on predicting social media use is characterized by mixed results and inconclusive debates. Currently, interest emerges about whether personality pathology can predict social media use. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the associations between pathological personality domains of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5), measured in 2015, and social media self-control failure as well as social media use, measured three years later.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, individuals worldwide have shown different anxiety-related reactions. Several vulnerability factors may play a role in individuals' psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors include pathological personality traits which have been shown to contribute to the development of anxiety-related conditions. Consequently, the present study investigated the relationships between DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms. Using an online data portal, the relationships between DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms among a mixed university student and community sample (N = 612) were studied. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between all DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that DSM-5 pathological personality domains explained 21% of COVID-19-related anxiety variance. Based on standardized coefficients, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) negative affect domain had the main role in COVID-19-related anxiety. The findings suggest that pathological personality domains can be predictors in the symptoms of anxiety in a viral outbreak. The novel findings add to the literature on individual differences in domains of personality in response to pandemic situations. Implications for future clinical applications and research investigations are discussed.

Personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5) are conceptualized as distinct clinical syndromes. However, debate persists about the clinical utility of this categorical model, with many researchers supporting a dimensional model that focuses on pathological personality traits and personality dysfunction. This model was published in Section III of DSM-5 and named the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD). This study evaluated the AMPD by examining relationships between traits and dysfunction with traditional categorical PD constructs among older adults. Older adults ( N = 202) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report, and Coolidge Axis II Inventory. Results indicated that pathological personality traits do not relate to categorical PDs in directions predicted by the AMPD. Personality functioning related to categorical PDs in expected theoretical patterns according to the AMPD but lacked incremental validity above pathological personality traits. An implication of these findings is that the AMPD does not fully resolve the age-related issues with the traditional categorical PD model.

This study examined the influence of mothers’ affective status on pathological personality dimensions of their children during young adulthood. Results showed significant positive relationships bet...

Tracing the relationship between pathological personality traits and insider cyber sabotage.

We examined the associations between personality pathology and daily situational experiences. College student participants ( N = 180) were assessed on pathological personality traits along with six assessments of everyday situation experiences. Independent raters judged situation descriptions provided by the participants to estimate the normative and consensually shared aspect of situations. Participants’ subjective situational construals were obtained by partialing the consensual aspect out of their in situ situation ratings. Substantive and meaningful relations between personality pathology and situations were found, and they were predominantly underpinned by subjective construal of situational characteristics. By using comprehensive taxonomies of personality pathology and situations, we advanced current understanding on the day-to-day situational dynamics and experiences of individuals with pathological personality tendencies.

Pathological personality traits are an important inhibitor of social functioning and well-being. Individual human values also possess important connections to both personality and well-being, but the links between human values and pathological personality traits have not been directly examined. Across two studies (N = 478), we provide the first direct examination of these relations by employing linear and sinusoidal methodologies assessing relations between Schwartz's circular model of human values (Schwartz, 1992) and a series of personality measures, including the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (e.g., Callousness, Intimacy avoidance, Rigid perfectionism). Data for Study 1 was collected in Germany and data for Study 2 in the UK. Self-transcendence values buffer against several pathological personality traits that constrain psychological well-being (e.g., callousness). Conversely, self-enhancement values (which are motivationally opposite to self-transcendence values in Schwartz's circular model of human values) were positively associated with these personality traits. Several pathological personality traits were related to the 10 value types in a sinusoidal waveform that was consistent with Schwartz's circular model of human values. Findings were overall consistent across samples from both countries. The results help us move closer to distinguishing between different processes underpinning the associations between personality traits and human values.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the pathological personality traits in predicting suicidal ideation, especially in combination with other risk factors, such as the level of depression, prior attempts of suicide, low self-esteem, low level of perceived social support and self-esteem-by-social support interaction, both in general and in psychiatric inpatient samples. Data were analysed within two samples: non-clinical general sample (n = 461) and psychiatric inpatient sample (n = 131). Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory (LCPI) was used as the instrument for data collection. LCPI is a comprehensive multi-scale multi-item inventory, which consists of nine clinical scales (including Depression Symptom Scale), 33 pathological personality scales, five functioning scales, and five additional scales, including a Suicidal Ideation Scale, Low Self-esteem Scale and Lack of Perceived Social Support Scale. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that several facet-level pathological personality traits (depressivity, self-harm, dissociation proneness, submissiveness, and suspiciousness) added significant incremental variance to the prediction of suicidal ideation above and beyond the well-known main risk factors of suicidal ideation, such as depression and prior suicide attempt. This effect remained stable even after taking into account additional interpersonal risk factors, such as low self-esteem, low level of perceived social support and self-esteem-by-perceived social support interaction. The incremental effect of personality traits was medium in the psychiatric inpatient sample and small in the general sample. Findings of the study may assist in early screening for persons with suicide risk and for developing prevention programmes in different settings.

Impulsivity seems closely related to both narcissism and spitefulness as a potential common pathway by which these pathological personality traits lead to violence. We administered the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Spitefulness Scale, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale Short Form to a sample of individuals convicted of violent offenses ( n = 182) and a sample of community participants ( n = 203). Hierarchical regression analysis of the convicted sample showed that spitefulness predicted AQ scores positively and significantly beyond the roles of both pathological narcissism and impulsivity. Finally, mediation analyses showed that impulsivity partially mediated the relationships between aggression and both grandiose narcissism and spitefulness. Our results support the hypothesis that spitefulness plays an important role in the prediction of aggressiveness. Finally, impulsivity seems to be a central common variable that explains the relationship between pathological personality traits and aggressive behavior among individuals convicted of violent offenses.

The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of emotional dysregulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the relationship between pathological personality dimensions and emotional disorder symptoms severity. A total of 440 university students were selected randomly from two universities, and were assessed through Personality Inventory for DSM 5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF)-Adult, Depression, Anxiety and stress Scales (DASS-21), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERs). The results obtained from the correlation revealed that there is a direct and significant relationship between pathological personality dimensions and emotional disorders (anxiety and depression). In addition, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) depicted that emotional dysregulation, as a transdiagnostic factor, can mediate the relationship between pathological personality and emotional disorders (anxiety, depression, and stress). The current findings illustrate how emotional dysregulation can increase the influenceability of pathological personality dimensions on emotional disorders.

The overarching goal of the present studies was to explore the connections between pathological personality traits and an array of immoral tendencies. Across three studies, we predicted that individuals with certain pathological personality traits (e.g., antagonism) would be more likely to exhibit immoral tendencies (e.g., greed, envy). The results of Study 1 (N = 714) revealed that antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affectivity had unique positive associations with greed. The results of Study 2 (N = 1134) showed that antagonism and negative affectivity had unique positive associations with benign and malicious envy, whereas detachment had a positive association with malicious envy. The results of Study 3 (N = 476) showed that antagonism and disinhibition had unique positive associations with most of the “seven deadly sins” (e.g., anger, lust, pride), whereas negative affectivity had less consistent associations with the seven deadly sins. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the links between pathological personality traits and immoral tendencies.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) construes personality disorder diagnosis in terms of levels of personality functioning (LPF) as well as dimensions of pathological personality traits. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), which offers a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing psychopathology, integrates pathological personality traits into a model for understanding different disorders, deficits, and personality problems. Widiger et al. ( 2018 ) placed LPF within the HiTOP model, suggesting that LPF might already be subsumed by trait dimensions and other spectra representing severity of psychopathology. This commentary raises a number of questions about their underlying assumptions, and advocates for an expanded role for LPF to more fully capture the complexity and instability inherent in personality disorder pathology.

Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs . BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications. Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condicion que dificulta el diagnostico y ensombrece el pronostico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno limite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patologicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino ademas en funcion de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comorbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clinico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar sintomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizo por mayor compulsividad, principalmente en el caso del subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos ultimos compartieron un amplio numero de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y tambien –aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en funcion de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogenicas, diagnosticas y psicoterapeuticas.

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is currently putting a strain on the mental health resilience of the world's population. Specifically, it is likely to elicit an intense response to fear and to act as a risk factor for the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some individuals may be more at risk than others, with pathological personality variables being a potential candidate as a central vulnerability factor. In addition, the pathways that lead the pathological personality to PTSD and intense fear responses to COVID-19 are likely to be explained by poor emotion regulation capacities, as well as by dissociative mechanisms.Aims: This study aimed to shed light on vulnerability factors that may account for the onset of PTSD and intense responses of fear in response to COVID-19 outbreak and to test the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and dissociation proneness in these pathways.Methods: We used a longitudinal design of research administered to a sample of community individuals (N = 308; meanage = 35.31, SD = 13.91; 22.7% were male). Moreover, we used self-report questionnaires to measure pathological personality, emotion regulation capacities, dissociative proneness at the beginning of the lockdown, and PTSD symptoms and fear of COVID-19 at the end of the Italian lockdown (from March 9 to May 18, 2020). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.Results: We found that pathological personality levels longitudinally predicted PTSD and fear of COVID-19 levels. Moreover, the associations between emotion dysregulation and dissociation were shown to significantly and totally mediate the relationship between pathological personality and PTSD, whereas no significant mediation effects were observed in relation to fear of COVID-19.Conclusions: Individuals with pathological personality traits may be more vulnerable to the onset of negative psychological consequences related to COVID-19 outbreak, such as PTSD symptomatology and fear levels. Emotion regulation capacities appear to be relevant targets of interventions for PTSD symptomatology. Future research should explore the mediating variables linking pathological personality to intense fear responses to COVID-19.

Impairments in mentalizing abilities are thought to account for the high aggressive tendencies observed among individuals with pathological personality. However, the question of whether mentalizing impairments may mediate the pathways by which pathological personality leads to aggression has not yet been answered. This study first investigated the psychometric proprieties of the Italian version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). Then, we tested the mediating role of mentalizing in the relationship between the three pathological personality domains and aggressiveness. The study was conducted on a sample of 327 participants includinggroup of violent offenders (n=118) and a group of community participants (n=209). All subjects fulfilled the RFQ, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Partial Least Squares–Path Modelling with higher-order construct definition was used. Mentalizing capacities were shown to significantly mediate the pathways leading some pathological personality traits to aggression. Data supported the factorial structure of the RFQ found in the original validation study. Results also support the existence of a second-order variable, mentalizing, resulting from the convergence of hypomentalizing and hypermentalizing, Psychology Hub, Vol 38, No 1 (2021)

Common factors are increasingly used to model the structure of psychopathology ("p"), personality (General Factor of Personality [GFP]), pathological personality (General Factor of Pathological Personality [GFPP]), and intelligence ("g"). Using 4 waves spanning ages 18-29 in a cohort of college students (baseline n = 489), this study used indicators of psychopathology, personality, pathological personality, and cognitive functioning to compare models that included Cognitive Functioning, p, GFP, GFPP, and a "Big Everything" factor (which included cross-domain measures as indicators). GFP, GFPP, and p exhibited substantial overlap, and the Big Everything factor accounted for considerable variance in psychopathology, personality, and pathological personality indicators. Only a self-report measure of cognitive functioning loaded significantly onto the Big Everything. This study highlights concerns in the pursuit of identifying and reifying common factors based on the modeling of residual variances and limitations of using factor modeling to determine the structure of psychologically relevant phenomena. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Background The present study aimed to investigate the pathological personality traits of undergraduate students using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) among Egyptian university-age participants. Method We replicated the five-factor model of the PID-5 using exploratory structural equation modelling analysis with target rotation towards the original study of the PID-5 construction. Next, we estimated the factor congruence to identify the similarity of the present five-factor solution with the available relevant studies. Moreover, we investigated the pattern of the Personality Pathology hierarchy for the PID-5. The sample comprised 845 undergraduate students whose ages ranged between 18 and 28 years (mean = 19.89 and standard deviation = 1.43). Results The present study findings showed that the reliability of the PID-5 facets was acceptable. In addition, the factor congruence results showed that the replicated five factors had acceptable congruence coefficients with some relevant studies. Also, the results indicated that the hierarchy levels were found to be consistent with some relevant findings. Discussion Generally, the PID-5 showed sufficient reliability and validity; however, there were significant cross-loadings that have been discussed in detail in the succeeding text. Further, this is the first study in the Arab world that uses exploratory structural equation modelling and build a hierarchical structure to investigate the PID-5. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background: Studies reveal a functional impairment in patients with personality disorders (PDs), but there is not enough information to form conclusions about this relation in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent a personality disorders scales including pathological personality traits (PPTs) predict six domains of functioning in patients with AUD. Methods: In total, 48 patients with AUD diagnosis, who were treated in the psychiatric clinics, aged 20 to 65 years (M = 37.5; SD = 12.08; 12 (25%) females and 36 (75%) males), filled out the demographic questionnaire, six domains of functioning - WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, Latvian version) and Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory (LCPI v2.1.). All respondents signed the informed consent form. Results: Stepwise regression analysis shows that PD Avoidant scale positively predicts impairment in Cognition and Getting along domains of functioning in AUD patients, but, on the PPTs level, it was found that Social withdrawal along with Irresponsibility and Guilt/Shame positively predict impairment in Cognition domain of functioning, and Social withdrawal along with Depressivity and Irresponsibility positively predict impairment in Getting along domain of functioning. The results of the study showed that PPT Orderliness negatively predicts impairment in Live activities domain of functioning. The PD Dependent scale and PPT Separation insecurity positively predict impairment in Participation domain of functioning. Conclusions: Obtained results add deeper insight into understanding of the relationship between personality disorders scales including pathological personality traits and six domains of functioning in patients with AUD.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a developing dimensional nosology which provides a joint framework for study of psychopathology and personality pathology. Dimensional structural models of psychopathology often include an overarching dimension of psychopathology (p factor) representing covariation among all forms of psychopathology. The p factor can be recovered in youth and adult samples, and has been found to relate to personality traits in similar ways in youth and adults. However, placement of personality pathology in an overarching psychopathology structure has almost exclusively been investigated in adults. We review evidence for the relationships between normal-range and pathological personality traits and psychopathology in adults and youth, ultimately making the case for study of a joint personality - psychopathology framework in youth.

If love is fundamentally important, those with pathological personality traits should desire to find it like anyone else. However, people's pathologies may influence their love styles leading to problematic relationship patterns. We examined how pathological personality traits were associated with love styles in adolescents (N = 311). While each personality pathology was associated with somewhat unique forms of love, collectively they were all associated with the mania love style. The traits, sans negative affectivity, were also associated with the ludus love style. And, limited detachment and disinhibition were linked to the eros love style. Results are discussed in terms of how learning about the potentially problematic love styles associated with pathological personality traits can inform interventions to improve an important outcome in people's lives.

This study explored the psychometric properties of the shortened forms of The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) and The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a large cohort from a Spanish community and compared simultaneously the predictive power with regard to personality disorders (PDs) scores in the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). The IPDE is a self-report inventory of 77 items. Each item measures a criterion and a dimensional score can be obtained for each personality disorder. Both shortened forms (named DAPP-90 and PID-5/SF, respectively) obtained a good structural validity and reliability. Linear regression analysis showed that both questionnaires were predictive of the PDs scores. DAPP-90 factors explained about 25% of PDs variance (37% of the PDs clusters). Facets slightly increased the percentages accounting for PDs variance and clusters to 31% and 43%, respectively. PID-5/SF factors, meanwhile, explained 23% of PDs and 33% of PDs clusters, while the facets accounted for 25% of PDs and 37% of clusters. It is concluded that both questionnaires were good instruments for measuring pathological personality, and predicted a similar part of the variance in PDs. However, given that neither the DAPP-90 nor the PID-5/SF accounted for all the variation in PDs, categorical classification of the broader set of PDs may continue to be desired by some researchers and practicing clinicians.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between defence mechanisms and pathological personality traits. Material and methods: We analysed 320 participants aged from 18 to 64 years (70.6% women, 87.5% university students) who completed the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). We conducted comparisons and correlations and a regression analysis. Results: The results showed expressive differences (d>1.0) between mature, neurotic and immature defence mechanism groups, and it was observed that pathological personality traits are more typical in people who use less mature defence mechanisms (i.e., neurotic and immature), which comprises marked personality profiles for each group, according to the IDCP. We also found correlations between some of the 40 specific mechanisms of the DSQ-40 and the 12 dimensions of pathological personality traits from the IDCP (r ≥ 0.30 to r ≤ 0.43), partially supported by the literature. In addition, we used regression analysis to verify the potential of the IDCP dimension clusters (related to personality disorders) to predict defence mechanisms, revealing some minimally expressive predictive values (between 20% and 35%). Discussion: The results indicate that those who tend to use immature defence mechanisms are also those most likely to present pathological personality traits. Conclusions: The findings indicate the importance of investigating these correlations as a possible improvement to clinical assessment and intervention. RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relación entre los mecanismos de defensa y los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad. Material y métodos: Se analizó a 320 participantes de 18 a 64 años (el 70,6% mujeres y el 87,5% Autoevaluación estudiantes universitarios) que respondieron al Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad (IDCP) y el Cuestionario de Estilo Defensivo (DSQ-40). Se hicieron comparaciones, correlaciones y análisis de regresión. Resultados: Aparecieron diferencias expresivas (d > 1,0) entre grupos de mecanismos de defensa maduros, neuróticos e inmaduros, y se observó que los rasgos de personalidad patológicos son más típicos de personas que usan mecanismos de defensa menos maduros (es decir, neuróticos e inmaduros), lo cual comprende perfiles de personalidad marcados para estos grupos, según el IDCP. También se hallaron correlaciones entre algunos de los 40 mecanismos específicos del DSQ-40 y las 12 dimensiones de los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad del IDCP (r ≥ 0,30 a r ≤ 0,43), parcialmente respaldados en la literatura. Además, se usó el análisis de regresión para buscar el potencial de los clusters de las dimensiones del IDCP (relacionados con los trastornos de personalidad) para predecir los mecanismos de defensa, lo cual reveló algunos valores predictivos mínimamente expresivos (entre el 20 y el 35%). Discusión: Los resultados indican que quienes tienden a utilizar mecanismos de defensa inmaduros son también los que tienen más probabilidades de presentar rasgos de personalidad patológicos. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos señalan la relevancia de investigar estas relaciones como una posible mejora en la evaluación y la intervención clínica.

This research investigated the connections between pathological personality traits and the ability to recognize the emotional states of others. Across two studies, we found that antagonism was negatively associated with the ability to identify the emotional states of others. In addition, the sex of the participant moderated the associations that negative affectivity and detachment had with the ability to identify positive emotional expressions. More specifically, negative affectivity had a marginal positive association with the ability to identify positive emotions for female participants but not for male participants, whereas detachment was negatively associated with the identification of positive emotions for female participants but not for male participants. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between personality and emotion recognition.

Recent research has highlighted important individual differences in moral judgment. The present study extends these findings by examining the associations between pathological personality traits and utilitarian moral judgments. This was accomplished by asking 2,121 Israeli community members to complete self-report measures concerning their pathological personality traits and evaluate the acceptability of utilitarian moral judgments in various sacrificial dilemmas (is it acceptable to intentionally kill one person in order to save several other people?). The results showed that the pathological personality traits of antagonism and disinhibition were positively associated with the endorsement of personal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions requiring the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual), whereas negative affectivity was negatively associated with personal utilitarian moral judgments. Antagonism was the only pathological personality trait associated with impersonal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions that did not require the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the associations between pathological personality traits and moral judgments.

The Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder–Static Form (CAT-PD-SF) is a self-report inventory developed to assess pathological personality traits. The current study explored the reliability and higher order factor structure of the Norwegian version of the CAT-PD-SF and the relationships between the CAT-PD traits and domains of personality functioning in an undergraduate student sample ( N = 375). In addition to the CAT-PD-SF, the short form of the Severity Indices of Personality Problems and the Brief Symptom Inventory were administered. The results showed that the Norwegian CAT-PD-SF has good score reliability. Factor analysis of the CAT-PD-SF scales indicated five superordinate factors that correspond to the trait domains of the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. The CAT-PD traits were highly predictive of impaired personality functioning after controlling for psychological distress. It is concluded that the CAT-PD-SF is a promising tool for the assessment of personality disorder traits.

We applied both a cross-sectional design and an experience sampling method to the study of compulsive buying. A sample was drawn from Prolific Academic comprised of undergraduate students in the U.S., which was supplemented by a sample of undergraduate students who attended a public university in the northeast U.S. Results from the cross-sectional design revealed that lower detachment and higher antagonism conceived by the DSM-5's dimensional model of pathological personality traits, as well as lower pain of paying (the anticipated negative affect associated with spending one's money), predicted greater compulsive buying. Results from the experience sampling design indicated that higher antagonism was related to increased spending preoccupation, and that greater interpersonal conflict was related to both greater spending behavior and increased spending preoccupation. Finally, results revealed a moderation effect for detachment and academic load on spending behavior such that those who were high in detachment and reported a lower academic load engaged in more spending habits. Results are discussed in terms of how pathological personality traits and spending habits are impacted by interpersonal constructs that influence spending habits.

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate at which level there is evidence of the relationship between observable information from Facebook profile and pathological personality traits. To do so, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis when sufficient information was presented. MethodA literature search was made using a search strategy including the keywords personality disorders (and variations as supplied by Mesh from PubMed engines) and "Social Networking (and variations). Fixed effects models were used to generate standardized coefficient. Resultsand discussion: Were included 10 articles (encompassing 12 studies) with 2.780 participants. The analyses indicated that researches relating Facebook observable information to pathological personality traits are scarce and primarily focused on narcissism traits in the relation with Facebook number of friends. Meta-analysis using number of friends and narcissistic measures showed a significant and moderate effect size, with an observed heterogeneity (I2) equal to 15%. ConclusionsStudies relating pathological personality traits to Facebook observable information are scarce, however the number of friends seems to be promising as predictor of narcissism traits. More data must be aggregated including other observable information. In addition, future researches should present some basic and exploratory analysis, making data more comparable through articles. Display Omitted Scarcity of studies relating pathological personality to Facebook variables.Lack of evidence about Facebook as measure of pathological personality traits.The number of friends seems to be promising as predictor of narcissism traits.

Wśród różnego rodzaju zjawisk patologicznych szczególne miejsce z uwagi na swoje dramatyczne konsekwencje zajmuje hazard. Samo uprawianie hazardu nie jest jeszcze patologią. Patologicznym staje się uzależnienie od tej czynności, kiedy to uprawianie hazardu staje się najważniejsze w życiu człowieka, zaczyna dominować w jego myśleniu, w uczuciach oraz w zachowaniu, w związku z czym powstają szkody, a w chwili zaprzestania grania pojawiają się przykre objawy odstawienia. Taki hazard został nazwany patologicznym i jest uznany za chorobę. W artykule omawia się prawdopodobne przyczyny uzależnienia od hazardu, mechanizmy i fazy nałogowego grania, charakteryzuje się osobowość patologicznego gracza, myślenie hazardzisty, konsekwencje grania, rodzinę hazardzisty i terapię patologicznego hazardu. Podaje się krótkie studium przypadku, który ma typowy charakter dla procesu rozwoju patologicznego uzależnienia i jego dramatycznych skutków.

Basic personality traits (e.g., agreeableness) have been found to be associated with various social motives. In the present studies, we were interested in determining whether the pathological personality traits captured by the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) were associated with certain fundamental social motives (e.g., self-protection, disease avoidance, status seeking). In Study 1, we examined the associations between the pathological personality traits and the fundamental social motives in a sample of 311 community members. Negative affectivity had positive associations with a range of fundamental social motives (e.g., self-protection, disease avoidance). Detachment had positive associations with social motives that involved separation from others (i.e., disease avoidance and independence) and negative associations with various social motives that involved closeness with others (e.g., mate retention, kin care). Antagonism had positive associations with social motives that involved direct so...

A number of researches showed high prevalence of personality disorders among addicted gamblers. However, there are still few studies investigating the role of pathological personality facets in Gambling Disorder (GD). Moreover, the nature of the relationship between GD and pathological personality is not clear. We administered to a group of addicted gamblers (N = 79) and a group of healthy participants (N = 101) a battery of self-report questionnaires encompassing the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), The Personality Inventory for DSM-V (PID-5), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Analyses of variance showed that addicted gamblers, compared to healthy participants, scored higher on most of the subscales of the DERS, on the Suppression Dimension of the ERQ and on the five main domains of the PID-5 whereas they obtained lower scores on the Reappraisal subscale of the ERQ. Moreover, multiple regression analyses indicated that some specific facets of pathological personality, emotion dysregulation and lack of cognitive reappraisal, significantly predict GD's severity. Finally, emotion dysregulation levels and lack of cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between these and GD's severity. Our results confirmed the central roles played by both pathological personality and deficit in emotion regulation capacities in GD. Specifically, Impulsivity, Lack of Perseverance and Suspiciousness may be important predictors of GD severity. Moreover, emotion dysregulation and lack of adaptive emotion regulation strategies partially explained such relationship. As such, training for emotion regulation abilities appears strategically useful in the treatment of addicted gamblers with pathological personality traits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined use of two pathological personality tests, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), within the context of incremental validity in order to verify the increasing severity of the constructs used. We generated item maps for sets of items based on three dimensions of IDCP and five facets of PID-5, selected according to the possibility of pairing between scales. The study included 642 individuals, predominantly women aged over 18, divided into three groups according to the dimensions and facets. There was an increase in the level of severity, typically related to the different personality disorders, in addition to the complementation between instruments, providing incremental validity. The use of item mapping helped us understand the increasing severity of the traits, and allowed the verification of the clinical relevance of the constructs.

Addiction co-occurs with distinct pathological personality traits, other psychiatric disorders or symptoms and cognitive impairment, which are known as dual disorders or co-occurring disorders. This symptomatic high concurrency suggests that both conditions are in some ways causally linked. Research is ongoing to identify distinctive neurobehavioral mechanisms and endophenotypes that predispose individuals to compulsive drug use and other mental disorders. Research is also providing new revelations about the diverse effects of substances on individuals, including differences according to sex. Today we know that the same substance may give rise to different behavioral, affective, cognitive, and sensory effects across different individuals.This state-of the art review tends to address the concept of precision psychiatry and dual disorders. The PubMed database was searched for the last 15 years to identify those articles that reported neurobiological perspectives on dual disorders, addiction and other mental disorders, precision medicine, and precision psychiatry.There has been considerable progress made in recent years in relation to the study of addiction and dual disorders. The concept of dual disorders attempts to capture not only the persistence of substance use and substance seeking but also the evident vulnerability of specific subpopulations to switch from controlled to compulsive drug use. Precision medicine is focused on identifying this individual vulnerability to illness as much as the individual response to treatment. Psychiatry is fully committed to this goal. Regarding addiction, essential precision medicine advances will be possible if concerted efforts are made in the discovery of biological variations and environmental factors that contribute to individual vulnerability to addictive disorders and dual disorders, together with the identification of moderators of treatment response.Here we survey the discoveries, future research directions, and translational relevance of the concept of precision psychiatry for dual disorders. The review may offer new perspectives on this issue and highlight a new way to see and to think about dual disorders.

Esta dissertação investigou a relação entre adversidades na infância e na adolescência e personalidade patológica em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros. Foram realizados dois estudos quantitativos e transversais. O Estudo I verificou diferenças no escore cumulativo de adversidades na infância e na adolescência em pessoas com e sem indicativos potenciais para transtornos de personalidade, considerando-se ainda, o risco de estresse advindo da exposição a eventos no último ano. O Estudo II investigou associações entre adversidades na infância e na adolescência e traços desadaptativos de personalidade na adultez, verificando-se a contribuição de eventos (potencialmente) estressores no último ano de vida e de características sociodemográficas atuais. Participaram 507 pessoas com idades entre 18 e 59 anos (M = 30,5 anos; DP = 10,4) majoritariamente do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (73,4%), que responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas sociodemográficas atuais e quatro adversidades relacionadas à comportamentos parentais; um instrumento que verifica outros dez tipos de adversidades (MAES); uma escala de triagem para transtornos de personalidade (IDCP), um inventário que avalia traços desadaptativos de personalidade (PID-5) e um instrumento que avalia eventos potencialmente estressores no último ano e risco de estresse associado a esses eventos (SRRS). Os resultados dos trabalhos demonstram que vivências adversas na infância e na adolescência estão associadas a indicativos potenciais para transtornos de personalidade e a traços patológicos de personalidade. No estudo I, observou-se associação entre o escore cumulativo de adversidades e indicativos potenciais para transtornos de personalidade, sendo o tamanho de efeito maior no grupo com alto risco de estresse. No estudo II, a maioria das adversidades se associou de forma significativa aos domínios de personalidade patológica, com abuso emocional de pares sendo um preditor significativo para quatro dos cinco domínios de traços desadaptativos de personalidade. Em geral, as características sociodemográficas atuais e os eventos estressores no último ano estiveram implicadas nas associações investigadas. A relação com os dados da literatura é evidenciada e as repercussões para a prática são discutidas. This dissertation investigated the relationship between childhood adversities and pathological personality in a Brazilian sample of adults. Two quantitative and cross-sectional studies were 8 performed. Study I verified differences in the childhood adversities cumulative score in people with and without potential indicatives for personality disorders, considering also the risk of stress arising from exposure to events in the last year. Study II investigated associations between childhood adversities and maladaptive personality traits in adulthood, and verified the contribution of (potentially) stressful events in the last year of life and current sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were 507 people aged between 18 and 59 (M = 30.5 years; SD = 10.4), mostly from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (73.4%), who answered a questionnaire containing current sociodemographic questions and four adversities related to parental behaviors; an instrument that verifies ten other types of adversities (MAES); a Personality Disorders Screening Scale (IDCP), an inventory assessing personality maladaptive traits (PID-5) and an instrument that evaluates potentially stressful events in the last year, as well as the risk of stress associated with these events (SRRS). The results of the studies demonstrate that adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence are associated with potential indicatives for personality disorders and for pathological personality traits. In study I, it was observed an association between the childhood adversities cumulative score and potential indicators for personality disorders, being the largest effect size in the group with high risk of stress. In study II, most adversities were significantly associated to personality pathology domains, with peer emotional abuse being a significant predictor for four of the five domains of maladaptive personality traits. In general, the current sociodemographic characteristics and the stressful events in the last year were implicated in the associations investigated. The relationship with the literature is evidenced and the repercussions for the practice are discussed.

A dimensional classification seems to be the next move in the personality disorders field. However, it is not clear whether there is one dimensional model or many, or whether the currently available dimensional instruments measure the same traits. To help clarify these issues, the authors administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) to 414 psychiatric outpatients. Factor analyses showed that a common hierarchical structure underlies both instruments, even if each one measures slightly different aspects of it. Disattenuated correlations indicated that, at the lower order level, two thirds of the PID-5 and DAPP-BQ facets measure essentially the same traits, although the pairings were not exactly as predicted. Among higher order domains, only PID Negative Affectivity and Detachment converged unambiguously with DAPP Emotional Dysregulation and Inhibition. Overall, the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ reflect, with small divergences, one and the same structure of pathological personality traits.

The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.

Literature indicates that pathological traits of personality are related with perception of poor quality of life. Based on that, this study aimed to verify the discriminative capacity of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), an instrument that assesses pathological personality traits, and to investigate its validity based on external criteria, i.e., the quality of life. 1618 Brazilians answered IDCP-2, WHOQOL-bref, PANAS, and Life Satisfaction scale. Correlations and linear regressions analyses were conducted. As expected, the results indicated negative correlations between factors of IDCP-2 (Dependency, Aggressiveness, Mood Instability, Eccentricity, Distrust, Isolation, Criticism Avoidance, Self-Sacrifice, Conscientiousness and Inconsequence) and positive aspects of quality of life, life satisfaction, and experience of positive affects. The general trends were negative correlations between the dimensions of IDCP-2 with most factors from the other measures, as they assess positive attributes (i.e., life satisfaction, quality of life and positive experience of affects). The exception, albeit still coherent considering the constructs implicated, was the positive association between personality and negative affect.

This article presents two studies examining cross-sectional mediational models between self-report assessments of personality organization, rumination, borderline personality disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms. The relationship between rumination and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression has been demonstrated by numerous empirical studies. In our research we used Kernberg's theoretical frame of personality organization (PO) where normal and pathological personality features are not distinct entities but make a spectrum of increasing severity. In the current study we hypothesized that the relationship between PO and borderline as well as depressive symptoms is mediated by rumination on non-clinical samples. According to our results a less structured personality appears to be associated with more borderline and depressive symptoms, a higher proneness to rumination, and the relationship between PO level and borderline-depressive symptoms is mediated by rumination. These results provide important insights regarding the concomitants of borderline and depressive symptoms, as well as their treatment.