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This study aimed to analyze the reaction time and accuracy of recognition of semantic ambiguous word in individual with left frontal lobe lesion. Four individuals with left frontal lobe lesion (IWL) and eight neurologically normal (NN) participants were selected for the study. A list of 40 Hindi words consisting equal number of ambiguous and nonambiguous words with further consideration frequency was prepared. Paradigm Software (v2.5.0) was used to present stimulus. Reaction time and percentage of accurate response was analyzed and results showed that both frequent and nonfrequent categories of semantic non-ambiguity taken relatively less time to process than NN group. Contrary to this, IWL were noticed to have varied pattern of processing with reduced reaction time for ambiguous than non ambiguous categories. This shows the effect of lesion in frontal lobe suggesting significance of frontal lobe in processing ambiguous words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating mental illness with a multigenic aetiology and significant heritability. Despite extensive genetic studies, the molecular aetiology has remained enigmatic. A recent systems biology study suggested a protein-protein interaction network for SZ with 504 novel interactions. The onset of psychiatric disorders is predominant during adolescence, often accompanied by subtle structural abnormalities in multiple regions of the brain. The availability of BrainSpan Atlas data allowed us to re-examine the genes present in the SZ interactome as a function of space and time. The availability of genomes of healthy centenarians and nonpsychiatric Exome Aggregation Consortium database allowed us to identify the variants of criticality. The expression of the SZ candidate genes responsible for cognition and disease onset was studied in different brain regions during particular developmental stages. A subset of novel interactors detected in the network was further validated using gene expression data of post-mortem brains of patients with psychiatric illness. We have narrowed down the list of drug targets proposed by theprevious interactome study to 10 proteins. These proteins belonging to 81 biological pathways are targeted by 34 known Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that have distinct potential for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We also report the possibility of targeting key genes belonging to celecoxib pharmacodynamics, Gα signalling and cGMP-PKG signalling pathwaysthat are not known to be specific to SZ aetiology.