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7. 4MOST: Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals

Author

de Jong, R. S., Agertz, O., Berbel, A. Agudo, Aird, J., Alexander, D. A., Amarsi, A., Anders, F., Andrae, R., Ansarinejad, B., Ansorge, W., Antilogus, P., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Arentsen, A., Arnadottir, A., Asplund, M., Auger, M., Azais, N., Baade, D., Baker, G., Baker, S., Balbinot, E., Baldry, I. K., Banerji, M., Barden, S., Barklem, P., Barthélémy-Mazot, E., Battistini, C., Bauer, S., Bell, C. P. M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Bellstedt, S., Belokurov, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bestenlehner, J. M., Bielby, R., Bilicki, M., Blake, C., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Boeche, C., Boland, W., Boller, T., Bongard, S., Bongiorno, A., Bonifacio, P., Boudon, D., Brooks, D., Brown, M. J. I., Brown, R., Brüggen, M., Brynnel, J., Brzeski, J., Buchert, T., Buschkamp, P., Caffau, E., Caillier, P., Carrick, J., Casagrande, L., Case, S., Casey, A., Cesarini, I., Cescutti, G., Chapuis, D., Chiappini, C., Childress, M., Christlieb, N., Church, R., Cioni, M. -R. L., Cluver, M., Colless, M., Collett, T., Comparat, J., Cooper, A., Couch, W., Courbin, F., Croom, S., Croton, D., Daguisé, E., Dalton, G., Davies, L. J. M., Davis, T., de Laverny, P., Deason, A., Dionies, F., Disseau, K., Doel, P., Döscher, D., Driver, S. P., Dwelly, T., Eckert, D., Edge, A., Edvardsson, B., Youssoufi, D. El, Elhaddad, A., Enke, H., Erfanianfar, G., Farrell, T., Fechner, T., Feiz, C., Feltzing, S., Ferreras, I., Feuerstein, D., Feuillet, D., Finoguenov, A., Ford, D., Fotopoulou, S., Fouesneau, M., Frenk, C., Frey, S., Gaessler, W., Geier, S., Fusillo, N. Gentile, Gerhard, O., Giannantonio, T., Giannone, D., Gibson, B., Gillingham, P., González-Fernández, C., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Gottloeber, S., Gould, A., Grebel, E. K., Gueguen, A., Guiglion, G., Haehnelt, M., Hahn, T., Hansen, C. J., Hartman, H., Hauptner, K., Hawkins, K., Haynes, D., Haynes, R., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Aguayo, C. Hernandez, Hewett, P., Hinton, S., Hobbs, D., Hoenig, S., Hofman, D., Hook, I., Hopgood, J., Hopkins, A., Hourihane, A., Howes, L., Howlett, C., Huet, T., Irwin, M., Iwert, O., Jablonka, P., Jahn, T., Jahnke, K., Jarno, A., Jin, S., Jofre, P., Johl, D., Jones, D., Jönsson, H., Jordan, C., Karovicova, I., Khalatyan, A., Kelz, A., Kennicutt, R., King, D., Kitaura, F., Klar, J., Klauser, U., Kneib, J., Koch, A., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A., Kosmalski, J., Kotak, R., Kovalev, M., Kreckel, K., Kripak, Y., Krumpe, M., Kuijken, K., Kunder, A., Kushniruk, I., Lam, M. I, Lamer, G., Laurent, F., Lawrence, J., Lehmitz, M., Lemasle, B., Lewis, J., Li, B., Lidman, C., Lind, K., Liske, J., Lizon, J. -L., Loveday, J., Ludwig, H. -G., McDermid, R. M., Maguire, K., Mainieri, V., Mali, S., Mandel, H., Mandel, K., Mannering, L., Martell, S., Delgado, D. Martinez, Matijevic, G., McGregor, H., McMahon, R., McMillan, P., Mena, O., Merloni, A., Meyer, M. J., Michel, C., Micheva, G., Migniau, J. -E., Minchev, I., Monari, G., Muller, R., Murphy, D., Muthukrishna, D., Nandra, K., Navarro, R., Ness, M., Nichani, V., Nichol, R., Nicklas, H., Niederhofer, F., Norberg, P., Obreschkow, D., Oliver, S., Owers, M., Pai, N., Pankratow, S., Parkinson, D., Parry, I., Paschke, J., Paterson, R., Pecontal, A., Phillips, D., Pillepich, A., Pinard, L., Pirard, J., Piskunov, N., Plank, V., Plüschke, D., Pons, E., Popesso, P., Power, C., Pragt, J., Pramskiy, A., Pryer, D., Quattri, M., Queiroz, A. B. de Andrade, Quirrenbach, A., Rahurkar, S., Raichoor, A., Ramstedt, S., Rau, A., Recio-Blanco, A., Reiss, R., Renaud, F., Revaz, Y., Rhode, P., Richard, J., Richter, A. D., Rix, H. -W., Robotham, A. S. G., Roelfsema, R., Romaniello, M., Rosario, D., Rothmaier, F., Roukema, B., Ruchti, G., Rupprecht, G., Rybizki, J., Ryde, N., Saar, A., Sadler, E., Sahlén, M., Salvato, M., Sassolas, B., Saunders, W., Saviauk, A., Sbordone, L., Schmidt, T., Schnurr, O., Scholz, R. -D., Schwope, A., Seifert, W., Shanks, T., Sheinis, A., Sivov, T., Skúladóttir, Á., Smartt, S., Smedley, S., Smith, G., Smith, R., Sorce, J., Spitler, L., Starkenburg, E., Steinmetz, M., Stilz, I., Storm, J., Sullivan, M., Sutherland, W., Swann, E., Tamone, A., Taylor, E. N., Teillon, J., Tempel, E., ter Horst, R., Thi, W. -F., Tolstoy, E., Trager, S., Traven, G., Tremblay, P. -E., Tresse, L., Valentini, M., van de Weygaert, R., Ancker, M. van den, Veljanoski, J., Venkatesan, S., Wagner, L., Wagner, K., Walcher, C. J., Waller, L., Walton, N., Wang, L., Winkler, R., Wisotzki, L., Worley, C. C., Worseck, G., Xiang, M., Xu, W., Yong, D., Zhao, C., Zheng, J., Zscheyge, F., and Zucker, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs ($R = \lambda/\Delta\lambda \sim 6500$), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph ($R \sim 20\,000$). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations., Comment: Part of the 4MOST issue of The Messenger, published in preparation of 4MOST Community Workshop, see http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/4MOST.html

Published
2019
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12. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease : from bedside to bench and back

Author

Paterson, R. W., Schott, J. M., Fox, N., and Zetterberg, H.

Subjects
612.8
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in cognitive impairment and death. The pathological hallmarks are extracellular cortical amyloid plaques and intraneuronal tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Although environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of AD, the sequence of pathophysiological events that lead to Alzheimer’s dementia is not yet completely clear. The clinical diagnosis of AD during life can be challenging and factors that explain clinical phenotypic heterogeneity and variability in rates of disease progression are not well understood. Biomarkers, objective measures of biological function, can be employed to support a clinical diagnosis of AD and may be abnormal before the onset of clinical symptoms. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF) are now incorporated into clinical and research diagnostic criteria. CSF, which is in direct contact with the brain, is a promising source of biomarkers and has the potential to differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative dementias, explain clinical heterogeneity within AD and elucidate the role of other pathobiological pathways. Ultimately CSF biomarkers might facilitate diagnosis of AD in its pre-clinical phase and allow for treatment responses to be measured. In this thesis CSF samples from clinical cohorts of individuals with AD, other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls are analysed using an extended panel of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a novel mass spectrometry based assay. For the established CSF biomarkers, the practical issues related to collection, transportation and storage of CSF are investigated. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is investigated as a means of validating clinical cutpoints. An extended panel of established and emerging ELISAs is used to determine the diagnostic utility of biomarkers for differentiating AD from other neurodegenerative dementias and for explaining phenotypic heterogeneity within AD. The role of CSF biomarkers as predictors of disease progression is investigated employing robust measures of brain atrophy as surrogate measures of rates of neurodegeneration. Finally CSF samples are probed for new AD biomarkers using a novel mass spectrometry based assay. A number of practical conclusions are drawn from this work: aliquot storage volume is identified as an important confounder in measured CSF b-Amyloid concentration. CSF laboratory transportation methods are shown not to have a significant impact on measured biomarker concentration. Amyloid PET is a valuable means of validating clinical diagnostic cutpoints of core CSF biomarkers. Tau/Ab1-42 ratio, Ab40/42 ratio, P-tau and NFL emerge as having diagnostic utility for differentiating AD from other neurodegenerative diseases, and have high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing AD from bvFTD, SD and healthy controls. Important differences in T-tau, P-tau and neurofilament light distinguish different AD atypical phenotypes and may help to elucidate underlying biological differences between these syndromes: individuals with the visual variant of AD (posterior cortical atrophy) have the lowest levels of CSF Tau and lowest rates of cognitive decline while the frontal executive cases have highest levels of NFL and highest rates of cognitive decline indicating more rapid neurodegeneration. Several novel biomarkers including trefoil factor 3 and several markers involved in vascular remodeling, amyloid processing and neuroinflammation are identified as predictors of increased atrophy rates in amyloid positive individuals suggesting possible independent mechanisms driving differing rates of neurodegeneration between individuals. Other novel AD biomarkers including malate dehydrogenase are identified as distinguishing AD from controls using a novel mass spectrometry based assay. Moreover, this assay demonstrates how mass spectrometry might be used for biomarker discovery and rapid development of a high throughput multiplexed clinical CSF assay. Taken together these results address some of the unanswered questions about how CSF should be collected, handled and stored to optimize analytical standardization, and how clinical results might be validated using amyloid PET. This work establishes the clinical utility of established biomarkers for differentiating AD from other neurodegenerative diseases and identifies established and novel biomarkers that might explain clinical heterogeneity and rates of progression between individuals. Finally a method for rapidly developing new biomarkers is tested and validated.

Published
2017

17. Signalment, clinical characteristics and outcomes of an Australian population of dogs with steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) – 124 cases (2013–2023).

Author

Paterson, R and Brady, S

Subjects
*FEMALE dogs, *GOLDEN retriever, *GREYHOUNDS, *AUSTRALIANS, BRITISH kings & rulers
Abstract

Variations in canine breeds presenting with steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) have been observed across different geographical regions internationally. However, there are no published studies describing affected dogs in an Australian population to date. This descriptive study aimed to characterise the signalment, as well as the clinical characteristics and outcomes in an Australian population of client‐owned dogs with SRMA. Medical records from five veterinary referral hospitals in the state of New South Wales between 2013 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and twenty four dogs were included in the study. The breeds which presented with SRMA most commonly included Golden Retriever (19/124, 15.3%), Italian Greyhound (11/124, 8.8%), Boxer (8/124, 6.5%), "Cavoodle" (Cavalier King Charles Spaniel x Poodle) (8/124, 6.5%), Corgi (7/124, 5.6%), Border Collie (6/124, 4.8%) and Australian Kelpie (5/124, 4.0%). The disease was observed more commonly in males, representing 79/124 (63.7%) of dogs. Presenting concerns, examination findings and laboratory abnormalities were otherwise consistent with international studies. The frequency of ≥1 relapse for dogs with a ≥6‐month follow‐up period was 32/85 (37.6%). A higher frequency of ≥1 relapse was seen in female dogs and in Corgi and Italian Greyhound breeds. All Corgis who relapsed demonstrated multiple relapses. In conclusion, this study observed a variation in breeds presenting with SRMA compared to international publications, which may reflect both differences in breed popularity, as well as varying interbreed susceptibility dependent on geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Prognostic indicators and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients with neurological disease: An individual patient data meta-analysis

Author

Singh, B, Lant, S, Cividini, S, Cattrall, J, Goodwin, L, Benjamin, L, Michael, B, Khawaja, A, Matos, A, Alkeridy, W, Pilotto, A, Lahiri, D, Rawlinson, R, Mhlanga, S, Lopez, E, Sargent, B, Somasundaran, A, Tamborska, A, Webb, G, Younas, K, Al Sami, Y, Babu, H, Banks, T, Cavallieri, F, Cohen, M, Davies, E, Dhar, S, Modol, A, Farooq, H, Harte, J, Hey, S, Joseph, A, Karthikappallil, D, Kassahun, D, Lipunga, G, Mason, R, Minton, T, Mond, G, Poxon, J, Rabas, S, Soothill, G, Zedde, M, Yenkoyan, K, Brew, B, Contini, E, Cysique, L, Zhang, X, Maggi, P, van Pesch, V, Lechien, J, Saussez, S, Heyse, A, Brito Ferreira, M, Soares, C, Elicer, I, Eugenin-Von Bernhardi, L, Reyes, W, Yin, R, Azab, M, Abd-Allah, F, Elkady, A, Escalard, S, Corvol, J, Delorme, C, Tattevin, P, Bigaut, K, Lorenz, N, Hornuss, D, Hosp, J, Rieg, S, Wagner, D, Knier, B, Lingor, P, Winkler, A, Sharifi-Razavi, A, Moein, S, Seyed Alinaghi, S, Jamali Moghadam Siahkali, S, Morassi, M, Padovani, A, Giunta, M, Libri, I, Beretta, S, Ravaglia, S, Foschi, M, Calabresi, P, Primiano, G, Servidei, S, Mercuri, N, Liguori, C, Pierantozzi, M, Sarmati, L, Boso, F, Garazzino, S, Mariotto, S, Patrick, K, Costache, O, Pincherle, A, Klok, F, Meza, R, Cabreira, V, Valdoleiros, S, Oliveira, V, Kaimovsky, I, Guekht, A, Koh, J, Diaz, E, Barrios-Lopez, J, Guijarro-Castro, C, Beltran-Corbellini, A, Martinez-Poles, J, Diezma-Martin, A, Morales-Casado, M, Garcia, S, Breville, G, Coen, M, Uginet, M, Bernard-Valnet, R, Pasquier, R, Kaya, Y, Abdelnour, L, Rice, C, Morrison, H, Defres, S, Huda, S, Enright, N, Hassell, J, D'Anna, L, Benger, M, Sztriha, L, Raith, E, Chinthapalli, K, Nortley, R, Paterson, R, Chandratheva, A, Werring, D, Dervisevic, S, Harkness, K, Pinto, A, Jillella, D, Beach, S, Gunasekaran, K, Ferreira Da Silva, I, Nalleballe, K, Santoro, J, Scullen, T, Kahn, L, Kim, C, Thakur, K, Jain, R, Umapathi, T, Nicholson, T, Sejvar, J, Hodel, E, Smith, C, Solomon, T, Singh B., Lant S., Cividini S., Cattrall J. W. S., Goodwin L. C., Benjamin L., Michael B. D., Khawaja A., Matos A. D. M. B., Alkeridy W., Pilotto A., Lahiri D., Rawlinson R., Mhlanga S., Lopez E. C., Sargent B. F., Somasundaran A., Tamborska A., Webb G., Younas K., Al Sami Y., Babu H., Banks T., Cavallieri F., Cohen M., Davies E., Dhar S., Modol A. F., Farooq H., Harte J., Hey S., Joseph A., Karthikappallil D., Kassahun D., Lipunga G., Mason R., Minton T., Mond G., Poxon J., Rabas S., Soothill G., Zedde M., Yenkoyan K., Brew B., Contini E., Cysique L., Zhang X., Maggi P., van Pesch V., Lechien J., Saussez S., Heyse A., Brito Ferreira M. L., Soares C. N., Elicer I., Eugenin-Von Bernhardi L., Reyes W. N., Yin R., Azab M. A., Abd-Allah F., Elkady A., Escalard S., Corvol J. -C., Delorme C., Tattevin P., Bigaut K., Lorenz N., Hornuss D., Hosp J., Rieg S., Wagner D., Knier B., Lingor P., Winkler A. S., Sharifi-Razavi A., Moein S. T., Seyed Alinaghi S. A., Jamali Moghadam Siahkali S., Morassi M., Padovani A., Giunta M., Libri I., Beretta S., Ravaglia S., Foschi M., Calabresi P., Primiano G., Servidei S., Mercuri N. B., Liguori C., Pierantozzi M., Sarmati L., Boso F., Garazzino S., Mariotto S., Patrick K. N., Costache O., Pincherle A., Klok F. A., Meza R., Cabreira V., Valdoleiros S. R., Oliveira V., Kaimovsky I., Guekht A., Koh J., Diaz E. F., Barrios-Lopez J. M., Guijarro-Castro C., Beltran-Corbellini A., Martinez-Poles J., Diezma-Martin A. M., Morales-Casado M. I., Garcia S. G., Breville G., Coen M., Uginet M., Bernard-Valnet R., Pasquier R. D., Kaya Y., Abdelnour L. H., Rice C., Morrison H., Defres S., Huda S., Enright N., Hassell J., D'Anna L., Benger M., Sztriha L., Raith E., Chinthapalli K., Nortley R., Paterson R., Chandratheva A., Werring D. J., Dervisevic S., Harkness K., Pinto A., Jillella D., Beach S., Gunasekaran K., Ferreira Da Silva I. R., Nalleballe K., Santoro J., Scullen T., Kahn L., Kim C. Y., Thakur K. T., Jain R., Umapathi T., Nicholson T. R., Sejvar J. J., Hodel E. M., Smith C. T., Solomon T., Singh, B, Lant, S, Cividini, S, Cattrall, J, Goodwin, L, Benjamin, L, Michael, B, Khawaja, A, Matos, A, Alkeridy, W, Pilotto, A, Lahiri, D, Rawlinson, R, Mhlanga, S, Lopez, E, Sargent, B, Somasundaran, A, Tamborska, A, Webb, G, Younas, K, Al Sami, Y, Babu, H, Banks, T, Cavallieri, F, Cohen, M, Davies, E, Dhar, S, Modol, A, Farooq, H, Harte, J, Hey, S, Joseph, A, Karthikappallil, D, Kassahun, D, Lipunga, G, Mason, R, Minton, T, Mond, G, Poxon, J, Rabas, S, Soothill, G, Zedde, M, Yenkoyan, K, Brew, B, Contini, E, Cysique, L, Zhang, X, Maggi, P, van Pesch, V, Lechien, J, Saussez, S, Heyse, A, Brito Ferreira, M, Soares, C, Elicer, I, Eugenin-Von Bernhardi, L, Reyes, W, Yin, R, Azab, M, Abd-Allah, F, Elkady, A, Escalard, S, Corvol, J, Delorme, C, Tattevin, P, Bigaut, K, Lorenz, N, Hornuss, D, Hosp, J, Rieg, S, Wagner, D, Knier, B, Lingor, P, Winkler, A, Sharifi-Razavi, A, Moein, S, Seyed Alinaghi, S, Jamali Moghadam Siahkali, S, Morassi, M, Padovani, A, Giunta, M, Libri, I, Beretta, S, Ravaglia, S, Foschi, M, Calabresi, P, Primiano, G, Servidei, S, Mercuri, N, Liguori, C, Pierantozzi, M, Sarmati, L, Boso, F, Garazzino, S, Mariotto, S, Patrick, K, Costache, O, Pincherle, A, Klok, F, Meza, R, Cabreira, V, Valdoleiros, S, Oliveira, V, Kaimovsky, I, Guekht, A, Koh, J, Diaz, E, Barrios-Lopez, J, Guijarro-Castro, C, Beltran-Corbellini, A, Martinez-Poles, J, Diezma-Martin, A, Morales-Casado, M, Garcia, S, Breville, G, Coen, M, Uginet, M, Bernard-Valnet, R, Pasquier, R, Kaya, Y, Abdelnour, L, Rice, C, Morrison, H, Defres, S, Huda, S, Enright, N, Hassell, J, D'Anna, L, Benger, M, Sztriha, L, Raith, E, Chinthapalli, K, Nortley, R, Paterson, R, Chandratheva, A, Werring, D, Dervisevic, S, Harkness, K, Pinto, A, Jillella, D, Beach, S, Gunasekaran, K, Ferreira Da Silva, I, Nalleballe, K, Santoro, J, Scullen, T, Kahn, L, Kim, C, Thakur, K, Jain, R, Umapathi, T, Nicholson, T, Sejvar, J, Hodel, E, Smith, C, Solomon, T, Singh B., Lant S., Cividini S., Cattrall J. W. S., Goodwin L. C., Benjamin L., Michael B. D., Khawaja A., Matos A. D. M. B., Alkeridy W., Pilotto A., Lahiri D., Rawlinson R., Mhlanga S., Lopez E. C., Sargent B. F., Somasundaran A., Tamborska A., Webb G., Younas K., Al Sami Y., Babu H., Banks T., Cavallieri F., Cohen M., Davies E., Dhar S., Modol A. F., Farooq H., Harte J., Hey S., Joseph A., Karthikappallil D., Kassahun D., Lipunga G., Mason R., Minton T., Mond G., Poxon J., Rabas S., Soothill G., Zedde M., Yenkoyan K., Brew B., Contini E., Cysique L., Zhang X., Maggi P., van Pesch V., Lechien J., Saussez S., Heyse A., Brito Ferreira M. L., Soares C. N., Elicer I., Eugenin-Von Bernhardi L., Reyes W. N., Yin R., Azab M. A., Abd-Allah F., Elkady A., Escalard S., Corvol J. -C., Delorme C., Tattevin P., Bigaut K., Lorenz N., Hornuss D., Hosp J., Rieg S., Wagner D., Knier B., Lingor P., Winkler A. S., Sharifi-Razavi A., Moein S. T., Seyed Alinaghi S. A., Jamali Moghadam Siahkali S., Morassi M., Padovani A., Giunta M., Libri I., Beretta S., Ravaglia S., Foschi M., Calabresi P., Primiano G., Servidei S., Mercuri N. B., Liguori C., Pierantozzi M., Sarmati L., Boso F., Garazzino S., Mariotto S., Patrick K. N., Costache O., Pincherle A., Klok F. A., Meza R., Cabreira V., Valdoleiros S. R., Oliveira V., Kaimovsky I., Guekht A., Koh J., Diaz E. F., Barrios-Lopez J. M., Guijarro-Castro C., Beltran-Corbellini A., Martinez-Poles J., Diezma-Martin A. M., Morales-Casado M. I., Garcia S. G., Breville G., Coen M., Uginet M., Bernard-Valnet R., Pasquier R. D., Kaya Y., Abdelnour L. H., Rice C., Morrison H., Defres S., Huda S., Enright N., Hassell J., D'Anna L., Benger M., Sztriha L., Raith E., Chinthapalli K., Nortley R., Paterson R., Chandratheva A., Werring D. J., Dervisevic S., Harkness K., Pinto A., Jillella D., Beach S., Gunasekaran K., Ferreira Da Silva I. R., Nalleballe K., Santoro J., Scullen T., Kahn L., Kim C. Y., Thakur K. T., Jain R., Umapathi T., Nicholson T. R., Sejvar J. J., Hodel E. M., Smith C. T., and Solomon T.

Abstract

Background Neurological COVID-19 disease has been reported widely, but published studies often lack information on neurological outcomes and prognostic risk factors. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neurological disease in hospitalised COVID-19 patients; characterise clinical outcomes; and investigate factors associated with a poor outcome. Methods We conducted an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of hospitalised patients with neurological COVID-19 disease, using standard case definitions. We invited authors of studies from the first pandemic wave, plus clinicians in the Global COVID-Neuro Network with unpublished data, to contribute. We analysed features associated with poor outcome (moderate to severe disability or death, 3 to 6 on the modified Rankin Scale) using multivariable models. Results We included 83 studies (31 unpublished) providing IPD for 1979 patients with COVID-19 and acute new-onset neurological disease. Encephalopathy (978 [49%] patients) and cerebrovascular events (506 [26%]) were the most common diagnoses. Respiratory and systemic symptoms preceded neurological features in 93% of patients; one third developed neurological disease after hospital admission. A poor outcome was more common in patients with cerebrovascular events (76% [95% CI 67–82]), than encephalopathy (54% [42–65]). Intensive care use was high (38% [35–41]) overall, and also greater in the cerebrovascular patients. In the cerebrovascular, but not encephalopathic patients, risk factors for poor outcome included breathlessness on admission and elevated D-dimer. Overall, 30-day mortality was 30% [27–32]. The hazard of death was comparatively lower for patients in the WHO European region. Interpretation Neurological COVID-19 disease poses a considerable burden in terms of disease outcomes and use of hospital resources from prolonged intensive care and inpatient admission; preliminary data suggest these may differ according to WHO regions and country income levels. The dif

Published
2022

33. Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Sedation in Critically Ill Patients and Dose-associated 90-Day Mortality: A Secondary Cohort Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial (SPICE III)

Author

Shehabi, Yahya, primary, Serpa Neto, Ary, additional, Bellomo, Rinaldo, additional, Howe, Belinda D., additional, Arabi, Yaseen M., additional, Bailey, Michael, additional, Bass, Frances E., additional, Bin Kadiman, Suhaini, additional, McArthur, Colin J., additional, Reade, Michael C., additional, Seppelt, Ian M., additional, Takala, Jukka, additional, Wise, Matt P., additional, Webb, Steve A., additional, Mashonganyika, C., additional, McKee, H., additional, Tonks, A., additional, Donnelly, A., additional, Hemmings, N., additional, O’Kane, S., additional, Blakemore, A., additional, Butler, M., additional, Cowdrey, K., additional, Dalton, J., additional, Gilder, E., additional, Long, S., additional, McCarthy, L., additional, McGuinness, S., additional, Parke, R., additional, Chen, Y., additional, McArthur, C., additional, McConnochie, R., additional, Newby, L., additional, Bellomo, R., additional, Eastwood, G., additional, Peck, L., additional, Young, H., additional, Boschert, C., additional, Edington, J., additional, Fletcher, J., additional, Smith, J., additional, Nand, K., additional, Raza, A., additional, Sara, T., additional, Bennett-Britton, J., additional, Bewley, J., additional, Bodenham, V., additional, Cole, L., additional, Driver, K., additional, Grimmer, L., additional, Howie, L., additional, Searles, C., additional, Sweet, K., additional, Webster, D., additional, van Berkel, A., additional, Connor, H., additional, Dennett, J., additional, van Der Graaff, M., additional, Henderson, S., additional, Mehrtens, J., additional, Miller, K., additional, Minto, E., additional, Morris, A., additional, Noble, S., additional, Parker, K., additional, Bulfin, L., additional, Hart, N., additional, Shepherd, K., additional, Vij, S., additional, Dickson, S., additional, Elloway, E., additional, Ferguson, C., additional, Jackson, R., additional, MacNaughton, P., additional, Marner, M., additional, Squire, R., additional, Waddy, S., additional, Wafer, P., additional, Welbourne, J., additional, Ashcroft, P., additional, Chambler, D., additional, Dukes, S., additional, Harris, A., additional, Horton, S., additional, Sharpe, S., additional, Williams, P., additional, Williams, S., additional, Bailey, M., additional, Blazquez, E., additional, France, D., additional, Hutchison, R., additional, O’Connor, A., additional, Comadira, G., additional, Gough, M., additional, Tallott, M., additional, Bastick, M., additional, Cameron, R., additional, Donovan, S., additional, Ellis, K., additional, Gaur, A., additional, Gregory, R., additional, Naumoff, J., additional, Turner, E., additional, White, M., additional, Au, K. F. J., additional, Fratzia, J., additional, Treloar, S., additional, Lim, C. H., additional, Maseeda, Y., additional, Tan, A. P., additional, Tang, C. L., additional, Yong, C. Y., additional, Akaltan, M., additional, Berger, S., additional, Blaser, D., additional, Fazlija, L., additional, Jong, M. L., additional, Lensch, M., additional, Ludwig, R., additional, Merz, T., additional, Nettelbeck, K., additional, Roth, M., additional, Schafer, M., additional, Takala, J., additional, Wehr, A., additional, Zacharias, D., additional, Amran, R., additional, Ashraf, H. N., additional, Azmi, N., additional, Basri, N., additional, Burhanuddin, H., additional, Hadinata, Y., additional, Hamdan, A., additional, Kadiman, S., additional, Rashid, A. I. Y. M., additional, Sabran, I. N., additional, Sulaiman, S., additional, Zabidi, I. N., additional, Al-Dawood, A., additional, Aljuaid, M., additional, Anizi, H. Al, additional, Saeedi, A. Al, additional, Arabi, Y., additional, Dbsawy, M., additional, Deeb, A., additional, Hegazy, M., additional, Magdi, I., additional, Clarey, E., additional, Corcoran, E., additional, Finney, C., additional, Harris, C., additional, Hopkins, P., additional, Noble, H., additional, Thompson, L., additional, Williams, T., additional, Dumlao, L. A., additional, Bassam, R., additional, Hassan, M. A., additional, Naseem, N., additional, Al-Kurdi, M. H., additional, Al-Harthy, A. M., additional, Bernard, S., additional, Sebafundi, L., additional, Serban, C., additional, Lim, S. K., additional, Mazidah, N., additional, Saidin, N., additional, Sjamsuddin, N., additional, Tan, I. T. A., additional, Zabidi, N., additional, Brain, M., additional, Mineall, S., additional, Kanhere, M., additional, Soar, N., additional, Kadir, N. Abd, additional, Abdullah, N. H., additional, Awang, R., additional, Emperan, Z., additional, Husin, N. S., additional, Ismail, N. I., additional, Ismail, S. Z., additional, Khadzali, F. N. A. Mohd, additional, Norddin, M. F., additional, Aguila, J., additional, Bold, C., additional, Clatworthy, B., additional, Dias, A., additional, Hogan, C., additional, Kazemi, A., additional, Lai, V., additional, Song, R., additional, Williams, A., additional, Bhatia, D., additional, Elliot, S., additional, Galt, P., additional, Lavrans, K., additional, Ritchie, P., additional, Wang, A., additional, Gresham, R., additional, Lowrey, J., additional, Masters, K., additional, Palejs, P., additional, Seppelt, I., additional, Symonds, F., additional, Weisbrodt, L., additional, Whitehead, C., additional, Babio-Galan, M., additional, Calder, V., additional, Clement, I., additional, Harrison, A., additional, McCullagh, I., additional, Scott, C., additional, Bevan, R., additional, Caniba, S., additional, Hacking, D., additional, Maher, L., additional, Azzolini, M. L., additional, Beccaria, P., additional, Colombo, S., additional, Landoni, G., additional, Leggieri, C., additional, Luca, C., additional, Mamo, D., additional, Moizo, E., additional, Monti, G., additional, Mucci, M., additional, Zangrillo, A., additional, Albania, M., additional, Arora, S., additional, Shi, Y., additional, Abudayah, A., additional, Almekhlafi, G., additional, Al Amodi, E., additional, Al Samarrai, S., additional, Badawi, M., additional, Caba, R. Cubio, additional, Elffaki, O., additional, Mandourah, Y., additional, Valerio, J., additional, Joyce, C., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Saylor, E., additional, Venkatesh, B., additional, Venz, E., additional, Walsham, J., additional, Wetzig, K., additional, Khoo, T. M., additional, Liew, J. E. S., additional, Sakthi, A. N., additional, Zulkurnain, A., additional, Bamford, A., additional, Bergin, C., additional, Carrera, R., additional, Cooper, L., additional, Despy, L., additional, Harkett, S., additional, Mee, L., additional, Reeves, E., additional, Snelson, C., additional, Spruce, E., additional, Cooper, G., additional, Hodgson, R., additional, Pearson, D., additional, Rosbergen, M., additional, Ali, M. N., additional, Bahar, N. I., additional, Ismail, A., additional, Ismail, W. N. W., additional, Samat, N. M., additional, Piah, N. S. M., additional, Rahman, R. Abd, additional, Duroux, M., additional, Ratcliffe, M., additional, Warhurst, T., additional, Buehner, U., additional, Williams, E., additional, Jacques, N., additional, Keating, L., additional, Macgill, S., additional, Tamang, K. L., additional, Tolan, N., additional, Walden, A., additional, Bower, R., additional, Cranshaw, J., additional, Molloy, K., additional, Pitts, S., additional, Butler, J., additional, Dunlop, R., additional, Fourie, C., additional, Jarrett, P., additional, Lassig-Smith, M., additional, Livermore, A., additional, O’Donoghue, S., additional, Reade, M., additional, Starr, T., additional, Stuart, J., additional, Campbell, L., additional, Phillips, M., additional, Stephens, D., additional, Thomas, J., additional, Cooper, D., additional, McAllister, R., additional, Andrew, G., additional, Barclay, L., additional, Dawson, H., additional, Griffith, D. M., additional, Hope, D., additional, Wojcik, G., additional, McCulloch, C., additional, Paterson, R., additional, Ascough, L., additional, Paisley, C., additional, Patrick-Heselton, J., additional, Shaw, D., additional, Waugh, V., additional, Williams, K., additional, Welters, I., additional, Barge, D., additional, Jordan, A., additional, MacIsaac, C., additional, Rechnitzer, T., additional, Bass, F., additional, Gatward, J., additional, Hammond, N., additional, Janin, P., additional, Stedman, W., additional, Yarad, E., additional, Razak, N. A., additional, Dzulkipli, N., additional, Jong, S. L., additional, Asen, K., additional, Voon, W. L., additional, Liew, S., additional, Ball, J., additional, Barnes, V., additional, Dalton, C., additional, Farnell-Ward, S., additional, Farrah, H., additional, Maher, K., additional, Mellinghoff, J., additional, Ryan, C., additional, Shirley, P., additional, Conlon, L., additional, Glover, A., additional, Martin-Loeches, I., additional, O’Toole, E., additional, Ewan, J., additional, Ferrier, J., additional, Litton, E., additional, Webb, S. A., additional, Berry, W., additional, Blanco Alonso, U., additional, Bociek, A., additional, Campos, S., additional, Jawara, S., additional, Hanks, F., additional, Kelly, A., additional, Lei, K., additional, McKenzie, C., additional, Ostermann, M., additional, Wan, R., additional, Al-Soufi, S., additional, Leow, S., additional, McCann, K., additional, Reynolds, C., additional, Brickell, K., additional, Fahey, C., additional, Hays, L., additional, Hyde, N., additional, Nichol, A., additional, Ryan, D., additional, Brailsford, J., additional, Buckley, A., additional, Forbes, L., additional, Maguire, T., additional, Moore, J., additional, Murray, L., additional, Ghosh, A., additional, Park, M., additional, Said, S., additional, Visser, A., additional, Abidin, H. Z., additional, Ali, S., additional, Hassan, M. H., additional, Omar, S. C., additional, Shukeri, W. F. W., additional, Brealey, D., additional, Bercades, G., additional, Blackburn, E., additional, Macallum, N., additional, Macklin, A., additional, Ryu, J. H., additional, Tam, K., additional, Smyth, D., additional, Arif, A., additional, Bassford, C., additional, Morgan, C., additional, Swann, C., additional, Ward, G., additional, Wild, L., additional, Bone, A., additional, Elderkin, T., additional, Green, D., additional, Sach, D., additional, Salerno, T., additional, Simpson, N., additional, Brohi, F., additional, Clark, M., additional, Williams, L., additional, Brooks, J., additional, Cocks, E., additional, Cole, J., additional, Curtin, J., additional, Davies, R., additional, Hill, H., additional, Morgan, M., additional, Palmer, N., additional, Whitton, C., additional, Wise, M., additional, Baskaran, P., additional, Hasan, M. S., additional, Tham, L. Y., additional, Sol Cruz, R., additional, Dinsdale, D., additional, Edney, S., additional, Firkin, C., additional, FitzJohn, F., additional, Hill, G., additional, Hunt, A., additional, Hurford, S., additional, Jones, G., additional, Judd, H., additional, Latimer-Bell, C., additional, Lawrence, C., additional, Lesona, E., additional, Navarra, L., additional, Robertson, Y., additional, Smellie, H., additional, Vucago, A. M., additional, Young, P., additional, Clark, P., additional, Kong, J., additional, Ho, J., additional, Nayyar, V., additional, and Skelly, C., additional

Published
2023
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35. Special issue: coffee, fungi, mycotoxins, and climate change

Author

Paterson, R. R. M. and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology
Abstract

Coffee is very lucrative and enjoyed by many. It is a major cash crop, especially for countries without many alternative sources of income. However, production is threatened by climate change, a phenomenon that is now universally accepted as occurring and represents a major threat to societies and industry worldwide. Paterson and Lima [1] expressed great concern in 2010 about the lack of methods to combat climate change. Thirteen years later, there has been little tangible action to reduce climate change, despite many warm words about what will be done sometime in the future. It is apposite to consider what would be the effect of climate change on coffee, particularly in relation to spoilage fungi and the production of mycotoxins. Fungi already cause considerable damage to coffee and mycotoxins have highly significant consequences on human and animal health. The commodity can be rejected by authorities when the concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) are too high. We were hoping for more than four papers on the subject, but were pleased that the quality was so high of those we did receive. Gratitude is extended to Naresh Magans group for contributing two papers [2,3], both of which present novel data. Akbar et al. [2] have already been cited 15 times (Scopus (18 February 2023)), indicating the high relevance of their work. The growth and OTA production of Aspergillus westerdijkiae were tested in relation to, for example, water activity, temperature and CO2 in media and beans. Interestingly, in green coffee-based media, OTA production was optimum at 0.980.95 aw and 30 °C. However, in roasted coffee-based media, very little OTA was produced. In stored green coffee beans, optimum OTA was produced at 0.950.97 aw/30 °C. The objective of Akbar et al. [3] (five Scopus citations ((18 February 2023))) was to examine the effect of treatment of coffee beans with gaseous ozone (O3) for the control of ochratoxigenic fungi and OTA contamination during storage. The paper revealed that, inter alia, it is unlikely that fungi and the OTA contamination of stored coffee beans would be controlled even with high O3 concentrations under wetter conditions. Our first review on the topic came from Brazil [4], which already has six citations (Scopus ((18 February 2023)). Brazil produces the most coffee globally and we were especially pleased to receive this paper. Temperatures in coffee-producing municipalities in Brazil have increased by about 0.25 °C per decade and annual precipitation has decreased. Therefore, the coffee sector will face serious challenges in the next few decades and the impacts of climate change directly affect coffee mycobiota. Aflatoxins may become dominant with climate change, promoting greater food insecurity in coffee production. Closer attention by authorities is fundamental to stimulate the displacement of areas currently apt for coffee production, that will deteriorate in the future to novel climate zones with suitable climates. This will ameliorate the scarcity of coffee on the world market in the future. Adhikari et al. [5] (13 citations Scopus ((18 February 2023))) reviewed how (a) suitable areas for coffee cultivation and (b) the toxigenic fungal taxa belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium will be affected due to climate change. Studies predict that suitable coffee cultivation areas could drop by 50%. Increased temperatures will see an overall increase in mycotoxin production such as aflatoxins, particularly by A. flavus, which grows at higher temperatures. Information regarding climate change parameters and mycotoxin concentrations in real coffee samples is provided. Modelling of future changes in coffee cultivation is also required. Indications show that climate change will result in an increase in mycotoxin contamination. The current author expresses his appreciation to all the authors of this Special Issue and trusts the papers will be of considerable use to workers in the field. He also hopes that very large advances in reducing climate change will occur in the next 13 years, unlike the previous 13., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2023

36. Climate refuges in Nigeria for oil palm in response to future climate and Fusarium wilt stresses

Author

Paterson, R. R. M., Chidi, Nnamdi Ifechukwude, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology, Fusarium, CLIMEX, Longitudinal, CSIRO, Latitudinal trends, Elaeis guineensis, MIROC
Abstract

The detrimental stresses of future climate change are well known and decisions are required to reduce their effects. Climate and disease stresses cause severe damage to plants and it is essential to understand how they will respond. Oil palm (OP) is an Fusarium important crop for many countries. The palm originated in Africa, where palm oil is produced in the largest amount within the continent by Nigeria. OP becomes stressed by climate change and wilt, a devastating disease of OP in Africa. Previous methods to determine the suitability of future climate on OP in continents and whole countries were applied to Nigeria, which is the first time an individual country has been assessed in this manner. Climate maps of Nigeria were divided equally into 16 regions from north to south and east to west to determine the future suitable climate for growing OP. CLIMEX and narrative modelling were used to determine suitability for growing OP and Fusarium wilt incidence for current time and 2050. Maps from published papers were employed directly thereby facilitating the procedure. A distinct latitudinal increasing trend from north to south in suitable climate was observed, which was unexpected. A decreasing longitudinal trend from west to east was also observed. These differences in suitable climates may allow refuges for OP in the future. The growth of OP in the south of Nigeria may be largely unaffected by climate change by 2050, unlike the north. The procedures allow policy decisions at state and national levels to be made from empirical data, which do not otherwise exist. States with low amounts of OP and where the climate deteriorates greatly, could usefully be abandoned. Other low palm oil producers, where the climate does not deteriorate greatly, could be encouraged to develop OP. Little requires to be done in the high producing states where the climate does not deteriorate. In all cases, the environmental impacts require thorough assessment. Climate change requires reduction as indicated in recent Conference of the Parties meetings., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2023

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