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AbstractGenus Calvatia belongs to a gasteroid fungi which are commonly known as a puffball mushrooms including around 47 species worldwide. Approximately 25 species of the genus Calvatia have been reported previously in India from various forest regions; however, only 15 species of these are accepted on their current taxonomic status because several of them are synonymized with other genera or species. The present study reports the distribution of Calvatia holothurioides which was collected from Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat state, India. The identification was carried out based on the morphological characteristics as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis using nuclear rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and rDNA LSU gene sequences data. Nucleotide sequences of different gene loci (ITS and LSU) were submitted into the BOLD data system for DNA barcoding. Additionally, this study also provides a literature-based checklist for the present status of Calvatia species reported in India so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many efforts have been made to enhance the hydrokinetic turbines' energy efficiency, extracting the energy from the flowing water in the canal and river. Savonius hydrokinetic turbine is one of the turbines producing mechanical power output using renewable energy sources of flowing water. It has good starting characteristics but has low energy efficiency. In the present investigation, an attempt is made toward the enhancement of the energy efficiency and load-carrying capacity of the Savonius turbine. The two dual-rotor Savonius turbine designs with deflector plates are proposed termed as Dual Rotor with Diverging Deflector Plate (DR-DDP) and Dual Rotor with Converging Deflector Plate (DR-CDP). The investigations are carried out with numerical simulations. The experiments are also performed for the validation of the methodology adopted in the presented numerical simulations. The results indicate the improved performance of the turbine units with both deflector plate designs. The power coefficient with the Savonius turbine unit's investigated design is enhanced from 0.135 of the conventional turbine to 0.16 with DR-DDP, and that up to 0.20 with DR-CDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of a unique fungus, Sphaerobolus jaysukhianus, is described based on the morphological and molecular data analyses along with phylogenetic evidence. The genus Sphaerobolus has fascinated several mycologists due to its unique spore-dispersal mechanism that gave it the name "artillery fungus". Phylogenetic analyses were carried out through the combined sequence dataset obtained using different gene loci (mtSSU, ITS, EF1-α and LSU), which revealed the existence of four deeply divergent lineages in this genus, each distinguishing a phylogenetically distinct species. The identification key and illustration are provided based on morphology, macroscopic and microscopic morphological features to facilitate the identification of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the recent field visits to Saurashtra regions of Western India, one of the interesting fungi i.e. Trichaleurina javanica (Rehm) M. Carbone, Agnello & P. Alvarado (Chorioactidaceae, order Pezizales) was collected from Sarkhadiya Hanuman and Sasan (Gir Forest, India). Further confirmation of the identity was carried out by using molecular methods with its DNA barcoding. Review of literature showed that this species was previously reported from India under a different name; the collection here studied is the first one molecularly confirmed. Nucleotide sequence obtained during molecular analysis is submitted into NCBI and is the first record at BOLD data system for its DNA barcode (BOLD ID KSRF-0019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating system means it's a bridge between system and user here we take system as a mobile so, Android an operating system who provides the excellent features for mobile technology. So, here we study the heterogeneous operating system androids with other mobile operating system. And give the conclusion for it. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices, based on the Linux kernel, and developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in the Java language, controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries. Applications written in C and other languages can be compiled to ARM native code and run, but this development path is not officially supported by Google. A Mobile Operating System or a Handheld Operating System is a Software Platform on the Top of the Architecture in which other Program called Application can run on mobile devices like Smart Phone, PDAs, Tablet & other Handheld Computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]