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Background: The occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk constitutes a potential risk to the health of consumers. In the veterinary sector, various forms of antibiotics are now being used worldwide for promoting livestock growth and treatment. Fluroquinolones, Gentamicin and Tetracycline are commonly used in disease prevention and disease control. The current issues of food safety and used antimicrobial agent’s residues in food products of animal origin are a serious public health issue and health risk globally. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during Nov 2018 to Jan 2019, different localities peri-urban area of Surat and Navsari of Gujarat were surveyed. A total of 120 milk samples comprised of (n=20) cattle (pooled), (n=20) buffalo (pooled) and (n=20) mix milk (pooled) of cattle and buffaloes and samples from unhealthy individual milking animal provided treatment with each antibiotics was collected after completion of recommended withdrawal period (n=20) Fluoroquinolones, (n=20) Gentamicin and (n=20) Tetracycline from various non-organized dairy farms. In the laboratory, the collected samples were evaluated for residues in bovine raw milk by c-ELISA. Result: The investigations in the Surat and Navsari evaluated 3 antibiotics residues in bovine raw milk. Among the 3 antibiotics are deemed dangerous level risks for human health. The detectable level was higher than of recommended antibiotic residue levels (MRLs) were observed as per European Union and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The present work will be a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the stringent control measurements to guarantee that the milk is safe for public to drink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) infesting okra at Biological Control farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during two successive years, kharif, 2018 and 2019. Among the different biocontrol agents evaluated, the plots sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre for three times at fortnightly interval witnessed lowest larval population (0.52 larva(e)/plant)and fruit damage (7.00%-number basis, 8.09%-weight basis). The treatment comprising six releases of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha was found next effective treatment with lower larval population (0.67larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (8.19%-number basis, 9.97%-weight basis). This bio-efficacy of egg parasitoid T. chilonis was statistically at par with the efficacy of treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 5% and Beauveria bassiana@ 5 g/litre. The highest fruit yield was documented in the treatment B. thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre (111.02 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.79) followed by the treatments T. chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha (105.10 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.77) and NSKE @ 5% (104.64 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.76). The significant findings of this study could be used to frame BIPM strategy for the management of shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella in okra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: An anti-allergic study was performed on a methanolic extract of leaves (GLA) and fruit (GFA) of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae). Methods: Anti-allergic study was evaluated using an isolated guinea pig ileum, isolated rat ileum preparation and passive paw anaphylaxis in rats. The effect of methanolic extracts (100, 200 µg/ml) of the fruit and leaves were studied on contraction induced by histamine and acetylcholine on isolated guinea pig ileum and isolated rat ileum, respectively. The inhibition of paw volume was studied (100, 300mg/kg GLA and 100, 300mg/kgGFA, p.o.) and compared with vehicle treatment. Dexamethasone (0.27mg/kg, p.o.) was included as a positive control. Results: GLA and GFA showed significant inhibitory contraction of guinea pig ileum (p<0.01, p<0.005), rat ileum and (p< 0.01, p<0.005) rat paw volume inhibition. Conclusion: The anti-allergic activity of methanolic extracts of the fruit (GFA) and leaves (GLA) of G. arborea may be due to presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The effects are noteworthy and highlight these extracts for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of various views from the cricket video is a fundamental and useful step in cricket video summarization. In this paper, we propose an approach to detect various views from the cricket video. Detected views are Ground view, Pitch view, Boundary view, Close-Up view, Crowd view, Fielders gathering view and Sky view. Detection of specific view requires extraction of appropriate lower level features from the frame. Result analysis shows the accuracy of various algorithms used for view detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Famotidine is histamine –H2 receptor antagonist. It has bioavailability of 40 to 45% and it has shorter plasma half-life of 2.5 to 3.5 hrs. The effective treatment of erosive esophagitis and Zolinger-Elisons syndrome requires administration of 20 mg of Famotidine 4 times a day. A conventional dose of 20 mg can inhibit gastric acid secretion up to 5 hours but not up to 10 hours. An alternative dose of 40 mg leads to plasma fluctuations; thus a sustained release dosage form of famotidine is desirable. Direct access to the systemic circulation bypasses drugs from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to high bioavailability. Moreover, the buccal route is easily accessible, has a good patient compliance and can be used in patients who can't swallow. Bilayer buccal tablet was prepared by using mucoadhesive polymers combination of Sodium CMC and Carbopol934P, by direct compression with backing layer of Ethyl cellulose. The formulation was optimized by 32 full factorial statistical design by selecting independable variables Ratio of polymer as factor X1 and Concentration of polymer as factor X2. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various evaluation studies. Statistical analysis as well as kinetic studies performed. Statistical study showed that both factors X1 and X2 had significant effect on dependable variables Q4 (P=0.005), Q8 (P=0.013), Mucoadhesive strength (P=0.000) and Swelling index (Except factor X1 for swelling index) (P=0.001). Formulation F1 was selected as an optimum formulation as it shows more similarity in dissolution profile with theoretical profile (f2 = 65.76 and f1 = 7.04). The optimized formulation F1 had given release of 102.57% in 8hrs and it had optimum swelling, mucoadhesive property and permeation from buccal mucosa. It also had desired drug release kinetics and found to be stable for the period of 1 month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this research work is to design efficacious and prolonged release buccal tablet of Domperidone. It is Anti-emetic agent. It has very low bioavailability 15%. It undergoes first pass metabolism that lowering bioavailability. Direct access to the systemic circulation bypasses drug from the hepatic first pass metabolism, leading to high bioavailability. Moreover, the buccal route is easily accessible, has a good patient compliance and can be used in patients who can't swallow. Bilayer buccal tablet was prepared by using mucoadhesive polymers combination of HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934P, by direct compression method using HP-β-CD as solubility enhancer and ethyl cellulose as backing layer. The formulation was optimized by 32 full factorial statistical designs by selecting independent variables, Ratio of polymer as factor X1 and Concentration of polymer as factor X2. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various evaluation studies. Statistical analysis as well as kinetic studies performed. Statistical study showed that both factors X1 and X2 had significant effect on dependable variables Q8 (P=0.000), Mucoadhesive strength (P=0.000) and Swelling index (P=0.00).By using HP-β-CD with drug in complex formation enhance the solubility of drug, as well as dissolution of tablet, Formulation D1 was selected as an optimum formulation as it shows more similarity in dissolution profile with theoretical profile (f2 = 72.43 and f1 = 1.24). The optimized formulation D1 had given release of 92.28% after 8hrs and it had optimum swelling, mucoadhesive property and permeation from buccal mucosa. It also had desired drug release kinetic and found to be stable for the period of 1 month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate enteric-coated matrix tablet of Aceclofenac for colonic delivery by exploiting prolonged release characteristics of Hydroxy Propylmethyl Cellulose K-4M with pH dependent solubility property of a Eudragit S100. Extended release matrix tablet were prepared by direct compression of hydrophilic polymer Hydroxy Propylmethyl Cellulose and other ingredients. The pH dependent release was achieved by coating matrix tablet with Eudragit S-100, a methacrylic acid co-polymer soluble at pH 7. All the formulations of 32 facteorial design (AD1- AD9) were evaluated for the physicochemical parameters and were subjected to in vitro drug release study using USP type –II paddle apparatus at rotation of 50 rpm and temperature of 37±0.5°. Multiple regression analysis was performed for dependent variables and to evaluate contribution of factores with their levels. ANOVA followed by Tukey test was performed. Polynomial equations and response surface plots were drawn for all dependent variables. It was observed that both the factors had significant effect on dependable variables (Q6, Q12.and Q17). The formulation AD5 was most likely to provide targeting of aceclofenac in the colon owing to its minimal release of the drug in the first 5 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any research work should have high level of Rigor and Relevance. The uses of more and more medicinal plants require the monitoring agencies to have data of standardization to compare the Sdrug with the authenticated parameters. WHO and Govt. of India have intention to include more and more number of medicinal plants into standard monograph. We at B. M. Shah College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modasa have tried to work on one potential herb, A. bracteosa Wall. ex Benth., F. Labiatae. Before working for the plant we have tried to collect as much information as possible. Ajuga bracteosa belongs to family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) which is a large family comprising of 266 genera. The genus Ajuga consists of 301 species. A. bracteosa is distributed in subtropical and temperate regions from Kashmir to Bhutan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China and Malaysia. 70% ethanol extract of Ajuga bracteosa possess significant and promising anti-inflammatory activity. Ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa leaves demonstrates a dose-dependent chemosuppression during early and in established infections. The plant is astringent and used as tonic and in the treatment of agues. The leaf extract is for blood purification. The juice of the root is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. According to Asia Pacific Medicinal Plant Database the leaves are regarded as stimulant, diuretic and tonic. The extract is used to cure swollen wounds, bites of insects, eye troubles, diseases of bladder, as well as tumors. The microscopic features of the plant are also included in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. belonging to the family Sterculiaceae and commonly called Bastard cedar in gujarati known as Bhadraksh. It is Native to Tropical America and widely distributed in tropical America from Mexico to northern part of Argentina & the middle part of Brazil. The bark and leaves have been traditionally used antibacterial, antidysenteric, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, emollient, febrifuge, hepatoprotective, pectoral, refrigerant, stomachic, styptic and sudorific. Phytochemically plant contains fatty acids, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, mucilage. Preclinical study on plant performed till date Anti-diabetic action, Anti-Hypertensive, Anti-microbial action, Anti-Oxidant, Antiulcer Action, Hair growth promoter, Weight loss agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]