Search

This study of people newly diagnosed of living with HIV (ND-PLHIV) calculated the use, cost and outcome of HIV services at a London HIV centre. ND-PLHIV were followed July 2017-October 2018. Hospital data included inpatient days (IP), outpatient (OP), dayward (DW) visits, tests and procedures, and anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs). Community services were recorded in daily diaries. Mean per patient-year (MPPY) use was multiplied by unit costs. 13.6 MPPY (95%CI 12.4–14.9) OP visits, 0.4 MPPY (95%CI 0.1–0.7) IP days, 0.09 MPPY (95%CI 0.01–0.2) DW visits and 4.6 MPPY community services (95%CI 3.4–5.8). Total annual costs per patient-year (CPPY) was £11,483 (95%CI £10,369–12,597): ARVs comprised 63% and community services 2%. White participants used fewer hospital and more community services compared with minority ethnic community (MEC) participants. Costs for White ND-PLHIV was £10,778 CPPY (95%CI £9629–11,928); £13,214 (95%CI £10,656–15,772) for MEC ND-PLHIV (p < 0.06). Annual costs were inversely related to CD4 count at entry (r = −5.58, p = 0.02); mean CD4 count was 476 cells/mm3 (95%CI 422–531) versus 373 cells/mm3 (95%CI 320–425) for White and MEC participants respectively (p = 0.03). Annual costs for ND-PLHIV with CD4 ≤ 350 cells/mm3 was £2478 PPY higher compared with CD4 count >350 cells/mm3 (p = 0.04). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Drosophila Pax group III (PgIII) genes paired, gooseberry, and gooseberry-neuro encode transcription factors, each containing both a DNA-binding paired domain and a paired-type homeodomain. In Drosophila embryogenesis, paired acts as one of several pair-rule genes to define the boundaries of future segments via the regulation of segment-polarity genes, including gooseberry. The function of gooseberry-neuro is not yet defined, but the gene is expressed later in the developing nervous system. The three genes are similar in sequence and are thought to have resulted from two duplication events in the lineage leading to Drosophila. Because of PgIII genes play a role in Drosophila segmentation, we screened cDNA pools from early embryos of the short-germ insects Tribolium and Schistocerca in order to isolate PgIII orthologs. We have identified distinct genes of high sequence identity to the fly PgIII genes and used phylogenetic methods to assign orthology. We have also raised polyclonal antisera that crossreact to all three Drosophila proteins. The antisera also crossreact with presumptive PgIII orthologs in Tribolium and Schistocerca. The role of these genes in the segmentation of short-germ insects, as inferred from expression data, sheds light on both the evolution of PgIII gene function and pair-rule patterning in insect segmentation.

An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) to integrated weed management studies in mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss. ex Coss. during rabi season of 2011-12. The experiment comprising 12 treatments viz., weedy check, interculturing+1 HW at 25 DAS, pendimethalin @ 0.5 and 0.75 kg/ha PE alone and along with HW at 25 DAS with each level, oxadiargyl @ 75 and 90 g/ha PE alone and along with HW at 25 DAS with each level, oxyfluorfen @ 100 g/ha as PE and weed free was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that higher values of plant growth characters viz., dry matter production per plant (51.00 g) and yield attributing characters viz., number of siliquae per plant (280.37), number of seeds per siliqua (14.70) and test weight (4.25 g) were recorded under weed free treatment. Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE+1 HW at 25 DAS, oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha PE+1 HW at 25 DAS and pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE were found equally effective in respect to these characters which were significantly higher than rest of the treatments. Among the treatments, weed free treatment recorded significantly higher seed yield (1738 kg/ha), stover yield (4937 kg/ha) and harvest index (26.03%) of mustard than rest of the treatments. Among the treatments tried in this experiment, pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE+1 HW at 25 DAS was found the best treatment by recording maximum net realization (Rs. 46,277/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.55). Besides weed free condition, pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE+1 HW at 25 DAS was found more effective in reducing the total weed population resulting in less dry weight of weeds (147.67 kg/ha). Oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha PE+1 HW at 25 DAS was found equally effective with this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single dose, crossover bioequivalence study of two different brands of clonidine hydrochloride 25 µg tablets was conducted in 24 (+2 stand by) healthy, adult, male, Indian subjects under fasting conditions to check the implication of enterohepatic re-circulation on assessment of bioequivalence. After an overnight fasting of at least 10 h, the subjects received single oral dose of test or reference product with either of the product as per randomization schedule in each period with a washout period of 10 days. The pre-dose blood sample was collected within a period of one h before dosing. The post-dose blood samples were collected at specified time intervals up to 96 h. The plasma concentrations of clonidine were quantified by validated LCMS/MS method and pharmacokinetic parameters were computed. The 90% confidence intervals of test/reference ratios for Cmax and area under the plasma-concentration- time-curve AUC under 0-t were found to be between 0.80 and 1.25 for log-transformed data. Analysis of variance did not show significant difference to these parameters. No meaningful values of Kel and therefore AUC under 0-infinity could be calculated for significant number of subjects due to enterohepatic re-circulation. Based on the results obtained, two different brands of clonidine 25 µg tablets have comparable rate and extent of absorption after oral administration but failed to show bioequivalence as per regulatory requirement of Food and Drugs Administration-united states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selected issues regarding radiological placement of CVA devices have been reviewed with emphasis on those aspects that place an interventional radiologist in the unique position of being able to offer an all-inclusive VAS, the quality of which equals or exceeds that of other specialists providing venous access, and may offer it at a lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]