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A simple, rapid and novel reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for quantification of molnupiravir in its capsule dosage form which is recently approved for phase III clinical trials in moderate coronavirus disease patients in India. The chromatographic separation of Molnupiravir was achieved on reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography using Eclipse Plus C18 (150×4.6 mm, 5 µ) column with buffer (pH 4.5) and methanol (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase. Method was validated in accordance with recommendations of International Council for Harmonisation Q2 (R1) guidelines. The linearity of the method was found to be excellent over the concentration range of 49.80-149.40 µg/ml. The mean of the coefficient of determinations (r2, n=3) was found to be 0.9999. The precision values (percentage relative standard deviation) and overall percentage recovery was found to be acceptable. The proposed method effectively separated the drug from its degradation products. Hence, it can be used as a stabilityindicating assay method for the routine analysis of molnupiravir in pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out on 10 infertile barren mares to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and agreement (kappa value) of cytological and microbiological findings of three diagnosing techniques of endometritis, viz., endometrial biopsy (EB), cytobrush (CB) and low volume uterine lavage (LVL) in relation to endometrial histology. When histological examinations from EB were used as "the best standard," the sensitivity of cytology from EB, CB and LVL technique was 0.33, 0.50 and 0.50; specificity 0.75, 1.00 and 0.75; positive predictive value 0.66, 1.00 and 0.75, and negative predictive value was 0.42, 0.57 and 0.50, respectively. The sensitivity of bacteriology from EB, CB and LVL technique was 0.83, 0.83 and 1.00; the specificity was 0.75, 0.75 and 0.50; positive predictive value 0.83, 0.83 and 0.75, and the negative predictive value was 0.75, 0.75 and 1.00, respectively. In all the cases, the sensitivity of the bacteriology was found to be higher than the sensitivity of cytology. When the results of cytological and bacteriological examinations were combined, no any increase in the sensitivity was found. Bacteriology and cytology from CB showed the highest positive predictive value demonstrating that a positive result is an accurate indication of endometritis. Sensitivity values were always higher if smears were evaluated according to PMNs to epithelial cell ratio, and the highest values were observed in specimens collected from CB and LVL. The evaluation of cytological smears based on counting PMNs in relation to epithelial cells was a better method for diagnosis of endometritis than counting the number of PMNs per high power microscopic field (k value 0.07-0.47 vs. 0.00). The agreement of the diagnosis of endometritis between the three techniques of the collection was from fair to poor and between the different criteria adopted to evaluate smears was always poor. However, the agreement of the diagnosis of endometritis by the microbial culture was moderate between the three techniques of the collection (k value 0.55-0.58). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family Malvaceae. Bacterial blight of cotton, also know as angular leaf spot, boll rot, and black leg, is a potentially destructive bacterial disease of cotton production. The disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye (synonyms Xanthomonas malvacearum (E.F. Sm) Dowson) is one of the most important and serious disease in cotton crop. Main objective of present research is to study the progress of the bacterial blight disease of cotton (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye, with relation to the environmental parameters. This is a common disease affecting the growth, development and yield of cotton. A field trial was conducted to determine the influence of environmental factors, viz. rainfall periods, temperature, sun shine hours and humidity on the development of disease. Bacterial blight disease was recorded with its appearance and subsequently at weekly interval till it prevailed on G. Cot. Hy.12 (Non Bt). The incidence of bacterial blight disease (BLB) was noticed during 28 to 49th standard week with the maximum disease intensity in third week of September (23.5% PDI). None of the abiotic factors had significant influence on bacterial blight disease progress and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2009-10 to 2011-12 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nine treatments of weed control were evaluated in randomized block design and replicated four times. Besides weed free treatment, an application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha PE + imazethapyr 75 g/ha PoE at 15-20 DAS and H. W. + IC at 20 and 40 DAS recorded higher mature pods per plant, shelling percent, pod yield, haulm yield, gross return, net return, BCR and weed control efficiency as well as lower weed index and dry weight of weeds. No adverse effect of herbicides was observed on plant population, grain and straw yield of succeeding wheat crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three different ear cleansers in 30 dogs of various breeds suffering from otitis. Based on history and clinical signs, ear exudates were collected by aseptic cotton swab for isolation and identification of organisms. The cerumen deposition in-ear canal was cleared using one of the ear preparations, viz., ear cleanser-I (0.2 % salicylic acid and 0.3 % phenoxyethanol) ear cleanser - II (chlorhexidine, propylene glycol and tris-EDTA) or ear cleanser-III (2% para-dichlorobenzene, benzocaine 2.7%, chlorbutol 5% and turpentine oil 15 %). Systemic/local antibiotics were used as per sensitivity testing. The treatment protocol found effective in the management of ear infections included cleaning the ear debris using ceruminolytic preparations/ear wax dissolvent, viz, ear drop. Ear cleanser-III showed excellent results (100%) in ceruminous as well as bacterial otitis with subsequent instillation of ear preparations containing antibacterial drug(s) and antifungal agents compared to cleanser-II (90%) and cleanser-I (70%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was conducted to access the effect of different fertilizer levels on yield, nutrient content and uptake of seed and straw under middle Gujarat condition during rabi season of 2013-14 at Anand. There are total with three nitrogen levels (15, 30, and 45 kg N ha-1), three levels of phosphorus (0, 15 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two levels of potassium (0 and 30 kg K2O ha-1) with four replication. The result revealed that successive increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels significantly affect the nutrient content and uptake by seed and straw as well as seed and straw yields of isabgol. Application of 45 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives significantly highest N, P and K uptake and content as well as yields of seed and straw of isabgol. Response of potassium was found to be non-significant in case of nutrient content, uptake and yield of isabgol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2010–11 to 2012–13 at Centre for Natural Resources Management, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to test the effect of irrigation regimes (four levels of irrigation viz., sprinkler irrigation with 0.6 (I1), 0.8 (I2) and 1.0 (I3) IW/CPE ratio and surface irrigation with 1.0 IW/CPE (I4) as control on productivity and economics of mustard. Among the irrigation regimes, scheduling irrigation at an IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 through sprinkler significantly enhanced all the growth (except plant height) and yield attributes. Mustard irrigated at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 recorded significantly the highest seed yield over surface method of irrigation in all the years and in pooled results also, whereas the highest water use efficiency of 4.56 kg/ha-mm was observed with IW: CPE of 0.60 and gradually decreased with higher irrigation schedules. Irrigation at 0.60, 0.80 and 1.00 IW: CPE ratio increased the seed yield by 3.99, 15.73 and 25.47% over control (surface irrigation), respectively. Net returns and BCR increased markedly with increase in irrigation regimes from an IW: CPE ratio of 0.60 to 1.00. Irrigation at 0.80 and 1.00 IW: CPE ratio increased the net returns by 34.45 and 19.20% over that with the 0.60 ratio, respectively. The highest production efficiency of 13.56 kg/ha/day, profitability of 258.03 kg/ha/day and relative economic efficiency of 10.26% were recorded under sprinkler irrigaion at 1.0 IW/CPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cassia occidentalis in bronchospasm induced by histamine hydrochloride on Guinea pigs. Exposure to an aerosol of 0.1% Histamine hydrochloride in closed chamber was given to induce bronchospasm on Guinea pigs. The effect of oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis seeds on histamine induced bronchospasm has been studied and is compared with the effect of oral administration of Ketotifen as standard on Guinea pigs. An administration of an aerosol of Histamine hydrochloride resulted in bronchospasm as well as decreased pre-convulsion time. Supplementation with hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis seeds significantly increased the pre-convulsion time. The results indicate that the seed of Cassia occidentalis is endowed with bronchospasmolytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yogic farming means doing various farming operations in a yoga (connection/union) state or personally empowered state of mind. The Raja yoga meditation technique of personal empowerment is an ancient technique of India. It is being revived by the Raja Yoga Education and Research Foundation, a sister organization of the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual Univesity, a non-governmental organization headquartered at Mount Abu, Rajasthan. The organization has been teaching methods of personal empowerment based on Brahma Kumaris Raja Yoga Meditation (BKRYM) techniques for the last 77 years. The present article reviews bonafide research conducted at the GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (2012-13); on a farmer's field in Gagsina village, Karnal, Haryana (2011-12); and at the SD University of Agriculture and Technology (SDUAT), Dantiwada, Gujarat (2009-12), in order to discuss the effect of yogic farming through BKR YM on the different aspects of seed and crops as well as its feasibility in agricultural transformation. Seeds exposed to BKRYM revealed enhanced germination, seedling growth, and vigor. The quality of groundnut and wheat improved, along with increased soil microbial population. After three years of experimentation, the yield of wheat and groundnut obtained with organics + BKR YM was found to be comparable to that obtained with chemical inputs. BKRYM works best under organic farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out in milk shed areas of Panchamrut dairy on 23 postpartum buffaloes, 16 true anoestrus and 7 normal cyclic under field condition with to evaluate their response to CIDR and Ovsynch protocol by monitoring estrus induction rate, conception rate and plasma progesterone profile following time interval post-treatment/AI. CIDR protocol was found to be better in improving conception rate (66.66 vs. 57.14%) in true anoestrus buffaloes. In general, both the protocols improve conception rates and plasma progesterone level in anoestrus buffaloes, though there was no significant infiuence on plasma protein and cholesterol profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]