Search

Enhancing student employability is a key aspect of any chemistry-based degree; however, embedding such activities in the curriculum is often challenging. Placements (internships in the USA) or experiential visits are the most widely used approach, but these are not always inclusive. Work-integrated learning (WIL), the practice of combining traditional academic study or formal learning with student exposure to the world-of-work, is widely seen as an alternative approach to provide key employability skills. Our study utilizes a game-based learning activity based on the TV show "The Apprentice" to conduct WIL. Working in teams, students evaluated the performance of two different chromatography analytical columns and are asked to generate various marketing materials to highlight the performance of one column over the other. This included creating an infomercial and marketing flyer before finally pitching their findings to an expert panel. This activity provided a creative platform for students to showcase a range of employability skills, which they reflected upon immediately afterward and a year after graduating. Students indicated that the real-life work-based content of this specific activity significantly enhanced their employability and helped them secure a job. This educational WIL can be modified for any discipline of chemistry, providing a unique and inclusive way to provide a vast array of skills to enhance employability.

The COVID pandemic forced higher educational institutions to transition from in-person lectures to online lectures. In Bangladesh, this transition was steep, with no prior experience of this mode of delivery. This study aimed to understand and compare the experiences of students, academic staff and support staff within the area of veterinary science in Bangladesh, when comparing in-person and online lectures. We conducted a mixed methods survey to learn about the perceived experiences, strengths and limitations of each mode of teaching from students and staff. Our findings highlighted that students, academic staff and support staff all preferred in-person lectures when compared to online lectures. However, the extent of preference varied, with support staff strongly favouring the in-person mode of delivery, followed by academic staff and then students. Overall, these findings are essential to aid policymakers and university authorities on some of the strengths and barriers of in-person and online lectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing age increases the incidence of chronic constipation and fecal impaction. The contribution of the natural aging process to this phenotype is unclear. This study explored the effects of age on key motility patterns in the murine colon and determined the contribution that altered neurokinin 2 (NK2) ‐mediated signaling made to the aging phenotype. Methods: Mucosal reflexes, colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and colonic motility assays were explored in isolated ex vivo colons from 3, 12–14, 18‐ and 24‐months old mice and the NK2‐mediated response determined. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenous drug application were used to explore the role of the mucosa in colonic segments. Key Results: Aging reduced the force of contraction of the distal colon mucosal reflex, the frequency and force of contraction of CMMCs and the NK2‐mediated component of both motility patterns. Ondansetron, a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, blocked a component of both motility patterns in full thickness but not in mucosa‐free segments of the distal colon. 5, hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and EFS‐evoked NK2‐dependent contractions were reduced with increasing age. Smooth muscle sensitivity to 5‐HT or neurokinin A (NKA) was not altered with age. In isolated colon motility assays application of NKA decreased transit time in 24‐months colon and the NK2 antagonist GR159897 increased transit times in both 3‐ and 24‐months old colons. Conclusions and Inferences: Aging impairs key motility patterns in the murine colon. These changes involve a decrease in mucosally‐evoked NK2‐mediated signaling. Targeting NK2‐mediated signaling may provide a novel approach to treating age‐related motility disorders in the lower bowel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is important in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Malfunction of serotonin signaling leads to various disorders. We studied serotonin signaling from serotonergic neurons inside the ventral nerve cord of Drosophila melanogaster. Serotonergic neurons and stimulated release were visualized and achieved with mCherry and channelrhodopsin‐2 (an optogenetically transfected ion channel), respectively, and two electrochemical techniques quantified serotonin release and vesicular content. Mean vesicular serotonin content released during exocytosis from these neurons was 84 %, considerably higher than reported in previous studies regarding octopamine (4.5 %) and glutamate release (31 %). Serotonin content within all vesicles is uniformly changed when serotonin concentration is inhibited or enhanced. However, serotonin release exhibits two Gaussian distributions: higher frequency of small release events, and similar or slightly higher frequency of large events, resulting in differential release fractions ranging from partial (13–18 %) to full (100 %) release after treatment with agents to either enhance or diminish release. This is the first example of consistent full exocytotic release events we have observed in any system. We suggest one pool of vesicles can release significantly diverse fractions of transmitter load during exocytosis, a potentially novel pathway to regulate exocytosis and neuronal signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the delivery of practical laboratories classes has been subjected to debate, with regards to pedagogical efficiency. Our aim was to develop a pre-laboratory online learning resource that enhances the preparedness and performance within laboratory classes. A study was conducted using second year Pharmacy students, in which the class was given access to an online learning resource that included visual information, quizzes, safety and theory and this was compared to the laboratory script as a preparative resource for the class. Less advice was requested by students and reduced error in practical skills was observed when the online learning resource was used by students, when compared to the laboratory script. Students felt they were able to use the apparatus without the requirement of support, and thus were more confident in the laboratory class. This online resource has the potential to overcome the pedagogical limitations associated with traditional delivery of laboratory classes.

Real-time simultaneous detection of changes in pH and levels of histamine over the oxyntic glands of guinea pig stomach have been investigated. An iridium oxide pH microelectrode was used in a potentiometric mode to record the pH decrease associated with acid secretion when the sensor approached the isolated tissue. A borondoped diamond (BDD) microelectrode was used in an amperometric mode to detect histamine when the electrode was placed over the tissue. Both sensors provided stable and reproducible responses that were qualitatively consistent with the signaling mechanism for acid secretion at the stomach. Simultaneous measurements in the presence of pharmacological treatments produced significant variations in the signals obtained by both sensors. As the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine was perfused to the tissue, histamine levels increased that produced an increase in the signal of the BDD electrode whereas the pH sensor recorded a decrease in acid secretion as expected. Addition of acetylcholine (ACh) stimulated additional acid secretion detected with the pH microelectrode whereas the BDD sensor recorded the histamine levels decreasing significantly. This result shows that the primary influence of ACh is directly on the parietal cell receptors rather then the ECL cell receptors of the oxyntic glands. These results highlight the power of this simultaneous detection technique in the monitoring and diagnosis of physiological significant signaling mechanisms and pathways.