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Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells that mediate intercellular communication and actively participate in cancer progression, metastasis, and regulation of immune response within the tumour microenvironment. Inhibiting exosome release from cancer cells could be employed as a therapeutic against cancer. Methods and results: In the present study, we have studied the effects of Acorus calamus in inhibiting exosome secretion via targetting Rab27a and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) in HER2-positive (MDA-MB-453), hormone receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. We observed that treatment with A. calamus significantly downregulated the expression of Rab27a and nSMase2 in all tested cells. NTA analysis showed that inhibition of Rab27a and nSMase2 reduced exosome secretion from breast cancer cells. We conducted metabolic profiling of A. calamus extract to reveal the phytochemicals present and docked them on Rab27a and nSMase2 to decipher the compounds responsible for protein inhibition. Molecular dynamic simulations were conducted on lead compounds, and we observed that calcitriol lactone showed the most stable binding interactions with nSMase2. Treatment of breast cancer cells with calcitriol lactone significantly downregulated nSMase2 expression. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that A. calamus significantly inhibits exosome secretion in HER2-positive, hormone receptor-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting key regulatory proteins Rab27a and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2). These findings suggest that A. calamus holds therapeutic potential in inhibiting exosome-mediated cancer progression by targeting the exosome secretion pathway. Further investigations are warranted to explore the clinical applications of these findings in breast cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to explore the attitude of female students of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda towards physical education and sports. The present descriptive cross-sectional survey included responses from 200 female students' participants aged 18-25 years from the Department of Psychology through a self-reported questionnaire via convenience sampling. To interpret and analyze the collected data Percentage (%), Mean, and Standard Deviation were used. From the findings, it could be observed that students are aware that sports and physical education are the better way to improve their skills and physical fitness, which might be the reason for having a positive attitude towards physical education and sports. However, they have a negative attitude towards the academic aspect. Based on the discussion of findings, it could be concluded that the attitude of the Majority of undergraduate and postgraduate female students of the Psychology department of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda has a favorable outlook on sports and physical education. The result findings will have a message to educationists and education policymakers to introduce sports as a compulsory subject in all disciplines for the overall development of the personality of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As dengue expands globally and many vaccines are under trials, there is a growing recognition of the need for assessing T cell immunity in addition to assessing the functions of neutralizing antibodies during these endeavors. While several dengue-specific experimentally validated T cell epitopes are known, less is understood about which of these epitopes are conserved among circulating dengue viruses and also shared by potential vaccine candidates. As India emerges as the epicenter of the dengue disease burden and vaccine trials commence in this region, we have here aligned known dengue specific T cell epitopes, reported from other parts of the world with published polyprotein sequences of 107 dengue virus isolates available from India. Of the 1305 CD4 and 584 CD8 epitopes, we found that 24% and 41%, respectively, were conserved universally, whereas 27% and 13% were absent in any viral isolates. With these data, we catalogued epitopes conserved in circulating dengue viruses from India and matched them with each of the six vaccine candidates under consideration (TV003, TDEN, DPIV, CYD-TDV, DENVax and TVDV). Similar analyses with viruses from Thailand, Brazil and Mexico revealed regional overlaps and variations in these patterns. Thus, our study provides detailed and nuanced insights into regional variation that should be considered for itemization of T cell responses during dengue natural infection and vaccine design, testing and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]