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Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of calreticulin ( CALR ) and JAK2 V617F mutational status on clinical course and disease outcomes in Turkish patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET)., Materials and Methods: Seventeen centers from Türkiye participated in the study and CALR - and JAK2 V617F-mutated ET patients were evaluated retrospectively., Results: A total of 302 patients were included, of whom 203 (67.2%) and 99 (32.8%) were JAK2 V617F- and CALR -positive, respectively. CALR -mutated patients were significantly younger (51 years vs. 57.5 years, p=0.03), with higher median platelet counts (987x10 9 /L vs. 709x10 9 /L, p<0.001) and lower median hemoglobin levels (13.1 g/dL vs. 14.1 g/dL, p<0.001) compared to JAK2 V617F-mutated patients. Thromboembolic events (TEEs) occurred in 54 patients (17.9%), 77.8% of which were arterial. Compared to CALR mutation, JAK2 V617F was associated with a higher risk of thrombosis (8.1% vs. 22.7%, p=0.002). Rates of transformation to myelofibrosis (MF) and leukemia were 4% and 0.7%, respectively, and these rates were comparable between JAK2 V617F- and CALR -mutated cases. The estimated overall survival (OS) and MF-free survival of the entire cohort were 265.1 months and 235.7 months, respectively. OS and MF-free survival durations were similar between JAK2 V617F- and CALR -mutated patients. Thrombosis-free survival (TFS) was superior in CALR -mutated patients compared to JAK2 V617F-positive patients (5-year TFS: 90% vs. 71%, respectively; p=0.001). Age at diagnosis was an independent factor affecting the incidence of TEEs., Conclusion: In our ET cohort, CALR mutations resulted in higher platelet counts and lower hemoglobin levels than JAK2 V617F and were associated with younger age at diagnosis. JAK2 V617F was strongly associated with thrombosis and worse TFS. Hydroxyurea was the most preferred cytoreductive agent for patients with high thrombosis risk., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2024 by Turkish Society of Hematology Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Background/aim: In Turkey, lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (RD) has been used to treat relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) since 2010. This retrospective, single-center study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of RD in patients with RRMM between October 2010 and June 2016., Materials and Methods: Patients’ records were reviewed, and overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed., Results: One hundred and twenty patients (71 males; 59.2%) were included in the study. The median number of prior lines of treatment was one (1–4); 72 patients (60.0%) received RD as second-line therapy and 51 patients (42.5%) had previously undergone autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The overall response rate was 72.5%, with 19% of these patients achieving a complete response. The median length of follow-up and duration of response to RD was 14 months and 19 months, respectively. Median OS and PFS were 32 and 21 months, respectively. Prior ASCT, an overall response, and treatment with RD for >12 cycles were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 69 (57.5%) and 14 patients (11.7%) discontinued treatment due to AEs., Conclusion: We found RD to be safe, well tolerated, and effective in RRMM in everyday clinical practice in Turkey.