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The aim of the article was to analyze the changes in the value of EU foreign trade in ornamental plants in 1999 and 2014 in generic and geographical approach. Intra-EU trade, and the EU with European countries outside the Community, and Africa, the Middle East, North America, Latin America, and other regions of the world have been taken into account. The analysis covered the export and import of ornamental plants in total and seven groups of floricultural products. The balance, level and dynamics of changes of individual groups of ornamental plants in EU trade were analysed by taking into account the geographical structure of trade. The fixed base index and percentages were used. The foreign trade in ornamental plants of the EU is characterized by the principle of geographical proximity. The main supplier of decorative plants in the EU remains The Netherlands, and the main recipient of ornamental plants from the EU, but of decreasing importance, was Germany. In the EU's foreign trade with other regions of the world, the role of Africa grew as a supplier of mainly cut flowers and seedlings, it diminished the role of North and Latin America as suppliers of mainly cut greenery. Significant recipients of flower bulbs were North America and Asia. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu była analiza zmian wartości unijnego handlu zagranicznego roślinami ozdobnymi w 1999 i 2014 roku w ujęciu rodzajowym i geograficznym. Uwzględniono wymianę handlową wewnątrzunijną, a także UE z krajami europejskimi spoza struktur Wspólnoty oraz Afryką, Bliskim Wschodem, Ameryką Płn., Ameryką Łacińską i pozostałymi regionami świata. Analizami objęto eksport i import roślin ozdobnych ogółem oraz siedmiu grup produktów kwiaciarskich. Analizowano saldo, poziom i dynamikę zmian handlu unijnego poszczególnymi grupami roślin ozdobnych z uwzględnieniem struktury geograficznej wymiany handlowej. Posłużono się indeksami o podstawie stałej oraz wykorzystano wskaźniki procentowe. Handel zagraniczny roślinami ozdobnymi UE charakteryzuje zasada bliskości geograficznej. Głównym dostawcą roślin ozdobnych w UE pozostaje Holandia, a głównym odbiorcą roślin ozdobnych z UE, ale o malejącym znaczeniu, były Niemcy. W handlu zagranicznym UE z innymi regionami świata wzrastała rola Afryki, jako dostawcy głównie kwiatów ciętych i sadzonek, malała rola Ameryki Płn. i Łacińskiej jako dostawców głównie zieleni ciętej. Znaczącymi odbiorcami cebul kwiatowych była Ameryka Płn. i Azja., DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.29

The study on reasons limiting sales of carrot and onion as a fresh vegetables was carried on at 5 retail points in two locations in Skierniewice and in Lublin both in Poland. Five age group customers (total 434) were questioned at groceries shops. As a main factor limiting sales of carrot and onion should be considered the need of peeling and preparing both vegetables before their consumption. It was important for 43,5% purchasers of carrot and for 50,0% purchasers of onion. The other reasons turned out to be fairly less important. As a good solution for sales increase could be the offer of both vegetables ready for immediate consumption for example for carrot as a Baby carrot. The residues and low quality of these vegetables were not important for the questioned consumers. It means that the products in the retail were of good quality.

Przedstawiono porównanie kosztów i opłacalności produkcji malin deserowych uprawianych w tunelu foliowym w wybranym gospodarstwie sadowniczym w latach 2015-2016. Uprawę malin pod osłonami cechowały bardzo wysokie nakłady inwestycyjne – koszty zakupu konstrukcji tunelu z wyposażeniem oraz założenia plantacji wyniosły średnio 337,6 tys. zł/ha. Całkowite koszty bezpośrednie produkcji maliny (łącznie z amortyzacją tunelu i plantacji) wyniosły średnio 142,0 tys. zł/ha. Najbardziej dochodowa była uprawa malin odmiany Sokolica na macie polipropylenowej, wartość nadwyżki bezpośredniej wyniosła 200,4 tys. zł, najmniej zaś odmiany Laszka, bez ściółki – 8,1 tys. zł/ha. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że uprawa malin pod osłonami w warunkach Polski może być opłacalna.

The study identified prospects to the sale of organic fruits and vegetables in the opinion of retailers on the example of the city of Lublin. The study was conducted in 50 retail stores including organic food, “Healthy food”, fruit and vegetables as well as grocery shops and market stalls. More than half of the respondents (retailers) believe that the sales of organic fruits and vegetables will increase in the next years in Lublin. The most important factors conditioning the sales growth of organic fruits and vegetables in the opinion of Lublin retailers were: price reduction and broadening the scope of promotion campaigns. According to retailers, the greatest obstacle to the growth of retail sales of organic fruits and vegetables in shop is limited availability of these products.

Przedstawiono opinie rolników indywidualnych na temat ewentualnych zmian w rolniczym systemie podatkowym w Polsce w kontekście wprowadzania podatku dochodowego w rolnictwie. Prawie 40% badanych pozytywnie oceniło powyższą propozycję zmiany, chociaż pod pewnymi warunkami, a 31% twierdziło, że będzie to posunięcie niekorzystne dla rolników. Obawiali się oni głównie skomplikowanych rozliczeń i kar za nieprawidłowości w rozliczeniach oraz częstych kontroli organów podatkowych. Jednak odpowiednio 45 i 30% ankietowanych przewidywało, że zmiana może przyczynić się do zwiększenia inwestycji i ogólnego rozwoju gospodarstw indywidualnych.

The article contains an analysis of the volatility of production areas, production and procurement prices of selected species of berries fruits in Poland and in the world beetwen in the years 1992-2015. Variability analysis was conducted using the basic statistical measures, such as the area of variation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation. The direction and dynamics of prices determined on the basis of trends and chain and fixed base indexes. The analysis of empirical data showed that the prices of all the analyzed berries fruits increased in the years 1992 - 2015, but the greatest variability characterized by a purchase price of strawberries and black currants. / Synopsis. Artykuł zawiera analizę zmienności powierzchni, zbiorów i cen skupu wybranych gatunków owoców jagodowych w Polsce i na świecie w latach 1992-2015. Analizę zmienności przeprowadzono wykorzystując podstawowe mierniki statystyczne, takie jak: obszar zmienności, odchylenie standardowe, współczynnik zmienności. Kierunek i dynamikę zmian cen określono na podstawie tendencji oraz indeksów jednopodstawowych. Analiza danych empirycznych wykazała, że ceny skupu wszystkich analizowanych gatunków rosły w latach 1992-2015, ale największą zmiennością odznaczały się ceny skupu truskawki i czarnej porzeczki.

Directive 2009/128 / EC with effect from January 1st 2014 the European Union introduced the Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The aim of this article was to examine of berry producers in the area of knowledge of integrated pest management and the consequences of its implementation in theirs farms after a year of its validity. The study was conducted on the end of 2014 years, and the study group consisted of 60 farmers engaged in the farm in Lubelskie (district Puławski). The results show that about 78% of the farmers declare that knows the principles of integrated pest management. However, only about 40% of them can replace these principles, though 68% said they introduced the principles of integrated pest management in their farms.

The attitudes of individual farmers towards the introduction of the income tax in farms Polish politicians have been promising for many years to introduce the income tax on agricultural activities. However, they insist, that these actions should be preceded by broad consultations, also with those, who the proposed ammendments relate to. Hence, the study presents the opinions of individual farmers from a typical Polish agricultural area, Lublin province, on the announced introduction of the income tax in agriculture. The research shows that almost 40% of respondents positively evaluated the above proposal, and about onethird of them claimed that the taxation of agricultural activities will be very unfavorable for farmers. In addition, approximately 40% of the respondents felt that any changes will affect the increase of the current tax burden on farms in Poland.

The aim of this study was to analysis of profitability differential in selected horticultural producer groups, depending on various determinants. The article presents the cross-dynamic analysis of differentiation of profitability level of horticultural producer groups in the years 2009-2011 according to types of producers group and legal and organizational structure. Return on total assets and equity capital was very diverse, ranged from -3.3 to 10.7%, on average was very low at 1.2% and 3.3% in the study population. The analysis show generally the higher profitability of assets and own capital in recognized producers groups than in the preliminary recognition groups.

It perform analysis of social-economic activity level among women working in farms about horticultural profile on Lubelszczyzna in context of its influence on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development – SARD). Among others, subject analysis conditionality of demographic woman (sex, age, education), economic (level of revenue, expenses) and other datas concerning of activity woman on village. It concentrate in work on two dimension of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development i.e. economic and social. Social activity of researched group of woman was not far too high, from the point of view of plurality of role fulfilled in farms mainly, but respondents declared wish of operation on social field in future. Among others, researched women exerted wishes of farthest personal and farms development, so, they have maintained high level of economic activity.

The purpose of this paper is an attempt of showing the role of qualitative features of labour resources as a factor which diversifies the level of strawberry harvesting productivity. Such features as age and sex of pickers, total number of picking days, age of plantation and harvest date and time were taken into consideration in the analysis. The average productivity in strawberry picking in the investigated farm in 2008 amounted to 6.47 kg per hour. The age and sex of pickers had an influence on the level of strawberry picking productivity. / Synopsis. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania wpływu cech jakościowych zasobów pracy jako czynnika różnicującego wydajność zbioru owoców truskawki. W analizie zostały uwzględnione takie czynniki jak wiek i płeć zbieraczy, suma dni pracy, wiek plantacji, data i termin zbioru (początek, pełnia i koniec zbioru). Przeciętna wydajność zbioru owoców truskawki w badanym gospodarstwie w 2008 roku wyniosła 6,47 kg na jedną godzinę pracy. Wiek i płeć pracownika miały istotny wpływ na poziom wydajności zbioru owoców truskawki.

It perform analysis of social-economic activity level among women working in farms about horticultural profile on Lubelszczyzna in context of its influence on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development – SARD). Among others, subject analysis conditionality of demographic woman (sex, age, education), economic (level of revenue, expenses) and other datas concerning of activity woman on village. It concentrate in work on two dimension of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development i.e. economic and social. Social activity of researched group of woman was not far too high, from the point of view of plurality of role fulfilled in farms mainly, but respondents declared wish of operation on social field in future. Among others, researched women exerted wishes of farthest personal and farms development, so, they have maintained high level of economic activity.

The aim of this study was to analysis of profitability differential in selected horticultural producer groups, depending on various determinants. The article presents the cross-dynamic analysis of differentiation of profitability level of horticultural producer groups in the years 2009-2011 according to types of producers group and legal and organizational structure. Return on total assets and equity capital was very diverse, ranged from -3.3 to 10.7%, on average was very low at 1.2% and 3.3% in the study population. The analysis show generally the higher profitability of assets and own capital in recognized producers groups than in the preliminary recognition groups.