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1. Precision Measurement of the Specific Activity of $^{39}$Ar in Atmospheric Argon with the DEAP-3600 Detector

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Anstey, J., Araujo, G. R., Auty, D. J., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Choudhary, S., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Crampton, R., Cranshaw, D., Daughtery, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., Di Stefano, P., DiGioseffo, J., Dolganov, G., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Giménez-Alcázar, A., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Haskins, S., Hearns, C., Hu, J., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Joy, A., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., La Zia, F., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., LePage-Bourbonnais, J., Levashko, N., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Maru, A., Mason, J., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Papi, D., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rad, F., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, I. Rodríguez, Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Santorelli, R., Schuckman II, F. G., Seeburn, N., Seth, S., Shalamova, V., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, B., Sobotkiewich, K., Sonley, T., Sosiak, J., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Vyas, B., Walczak, M., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The specific activity of the beta decay of $^{39}$Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 $\pm$ 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector with very low background uses pulseshape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils and is well-suited to measure the decay of $^{39}$Ar. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is [0.964 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.024 (sys)] Bq/kg$_{\rm atmAr}$ which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria provides a consistent result.
Published: 2023
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2. Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author: The DEAP Collaboration, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Auty, D. J., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Cranshaw, D., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, T., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sánchez-García, E., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the charge of a single photoelectron, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulseshape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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3. Precision measurement of the specific activity of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon with the DEAP-3600 detector

Author: P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, J. Anstey, G. R. Araujo, D. J. Auty, M. Baldwin, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, S. Choudhary, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, R. Crampton, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, P. Di Stefano, J. DiGioseffo, G. Dolganov, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, A. Giménez-Alcázar, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, S. Haskins, C. Hearns, J. Hu, J. Hucker, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, A. Joy, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, M. Kuźniak, F. La Zia, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, J. LePage-Bourbonnais, N. Levashko, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, L. Luzzi, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. Maru, J. Mason, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, L. Mirasola, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, D. Papi, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, F. Rad, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, R. Santorelli, F. G. Schuckman II, N. Seeburn, S. Seth, V. Shalamova, K. Singhrao, P. Skensved, N. J. T. Smith, B. Smith, K. Sobotkiewich, T. Sonley, J. Sosiak, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, B. Vyas, M. Walczak, J. Walding, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The specific activity of the $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 ± 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector is well-suited to measure the decay of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar owing to its very low background levels. This is achieved in two ways: it uses low background construction materials; and it uses pulse-shape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is (0.964 ± 0.001 $$_\textrm{stat}$$ stat ± 0.024 $$_\textrm{sys}$$ sys ) Bq/kg $$_\textrm{atmAr}$$ atmAr , which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria and a different statistical method confirms the result.
Published: 2023
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4. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: The DEAP collaboration, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Batygov, G. R. Araujoand M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Dering, S. J. Daughertyand K., Doria, L., Dunford, F. A. Duncan andM., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $\mathcal O$(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10\% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
Published: 2020
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5. Electromagnetic Backgrounds and Potassium-42 Activity in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

Author: Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for WIMP dark matter with a 3.3 tonne single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is keV-scale $^{40}$Ar nuclear recoils (NR) producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by PMTs. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ER) induced by $\beta$ and $\gamma$-rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex-situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in-situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. While excellent discrimination between ERs and NRs is reached with pulse shape discrimination, utilizing the large difference between fast and slow components of LAr scintillation light, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components, sets valuable constraints on other key types of backgrounds in the detector: neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of $^{42}$Ar in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of $^{42}$K. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon e.g. DarkSide-20k, GERDA or LEGEND. The specific activity of $^{42}$Ar in the atmosphere is found to be $40.4 \pm 5.9$ $\mu$Bq/kg of argon.
Published: 2019
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6. Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB

Author: Ajaj, R., Amaudruz, P. -A., Araujo, G. R., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3279 kg of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. This paper reports on the analysis of a 758 tonne\cdot day exposure taken over a period of 231 live-days during the first year of operation. No candidate signal events are observed in the WIMP-search region of interest, which results in the leading limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section on a LAr target of $3.9\times10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$ ($1.5\times10^{-44}$ cm$^{2}$) for a 100 GeV/c$^{2}$ (1 TeV/c$^{2}$) WIMP mass at 90\% C. L. In addition to a detailed background model, this analysis demonstrates the best pulse-shape discrimination in LAr at threshold, employs a Bayesian photoelectron-counting technique to improve the energy resolution and discrimination efficiency, and utilizes two position reconstruction algorithms based on PMT charge and photon arrival times.
Published: 2019
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7. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: Ajaj, R, Araujo, GR, Batygov, M, Beltran, B, Bina, CE, Boulay, MG, Broerman, B, Bueno, JF, Burghardt, PM, Butcher, A, Cai, B, Cárdenas-Montes, M, Cavuoti, S, Chen, M, Chen, Y, Cleveland, BT, Dering, K, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Erlandson, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fiorillo, G, Flower, A, Ford, RJ, Gagnon, R, Gallacher, D, García Abia, P, Garg, S, Giampa, P, Goeldi, D, Golovko, VV, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Hallin, AL, Hamstra, M, Harvey, PJ, Hearns, C, Joy, A, Jillings, CJ, Kamaev, O, Kaur, G, Kemp, A, Kochanek, I, Kuźniak, M, Langrock, S, La Zia, F, Lehnert, B, Li, X, Litvinov, O, Lock, J, Longo, G, Majewski, P, McDonald, AB, McElroy, T, McGinn, T, McLaughlin, JB, Mehdiyev, R, Mielnichuk, C, Monroe, J, Nadeau, P, Nantais, C, Ng, C, Noble, AJ, Ouellet, C, Pasuthip, P, Peeters, SJM, Pesudo, V, Piro, MC, Pollmann, TR, Rand, ET, Rethmeier, C, Retière, F, Sanchez García, E, Santorelli, R, Seeburn, N, Skensved, P, Smith, B, Smith, NJT, Sonley, T, Stainforth, R, Stone, C, Strickland, V, Sur, B, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Veloce, L, Viel, S, Walding, J, Waqar, M, Ward, M, Westerdale, S, Willis, J, and Zuñiga-Reyes, A
Subjects: nucl-ex, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for weakly interacting massive particles dark matter with a 3.3 ×103 kg single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is kilo electron volt-scale Ar40 nuclear recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by photomultiplier tubes. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ERs) induced by β and γ rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. Pulse-shape discrimination separates ER and NR events. However, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components sets valuable constraints on NR backgrounds including neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of Ar42 in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of K42. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon, e.g., DarkSide-20k, GERDA, or LEGEND. The specific activity of Ar42 in the atmosphere is found to be 40.4±5.9 μBq/kg of argon.
Published: 2019

8. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author: Amaudruz, P-A, Batygov, M, Beltran, B, Bina, CE, Bishop, D, Bonatt, J, Boorman, G, Boulay, MG, Broerman, B, Bromwich, T, Bueno, JF, Butcher, A, Cai, B, Chan, S, Chen, M, Chouinard, R, Churchwell, S, Cleveland, BT, Cranshaw, D, Dering, K, Dittmeier, S, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Erlandson, A, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, RJ, Gagnon, R, Giampa, P, Golovko, VV, Gorel, P, Gornea, R, Grace, E, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Gulyev, E, Hall, A, Hallin, AL, Hamstra, M, Harvey, PJ, Hearns, C, Jillings, CJ, Kamaev, O, Kemp, A, Kuźniak, M, Langrock, S, La Zia, F, Lehnert, B, Li, O, Lidgard, JJ, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Linn, Y, Liu, S, Mathew, R, McDonald, AB, McElroy, T, McFarlane, K, McLaughlin, J, Mead, S, Mehdiyev, R, Mielnichuk, C, Monroe, J, Muir, A, Nadeau, P, Nantais, C, Ng, C, Noble, AJ, O’Dwyer, E, Ohlmann, C, Olchanski, K, Olsen, KS, Ouellet, C, Pasuthip, P, Peeters, SJM, Pollmann, TR, Rand, ET, Rau, W, Rethmeier, C, Retière, F, Seeburn, N, Shaw, B, Singhrao, K, Skensved, P, Smith, B, Smith, NJT, Sonley, T, Stainforth, R, Stone, C, Strickland, V, Sur, B, Tang, J, Taylor, J, Veloce, L, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Walding, J, Ward, M, Westerdale, S, White, R, and Woolsey, E
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, PMT, Hamamatsu R5912-HQE, Single photoelectron charge distribution, Afterpulsing, Late and double pulsing, Dark noise, Dark matter detection, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.
Published: 2019

9. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author: Amaudruz, PA, Batygov, M, Beltran, B, Bina, CE, Bishop, D, Bonatt, J, Boorman, G, Boulay, MG, Broerman, B, Bromwich, T, Bueno, JF, Butcher, A, Cai, B, Chan, S, Chen, M, Chouinard, R, Churchwell, S, Cleveland, BT, Cranshaw, D, Dering, K, Dittmeier, S, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Erlandson, A, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, RJ, Gagnon, R, Giampa, P, Golovko, VV, Gorel, P, Gornea, R, Grace, E, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Gulyev, E, Hall, A, Hallin, AL, Hamstra, M, Harvey, PJ, Hearns, C, Jillings, CJ, Kamaev, O, Kemp, A, Kuźniak, M, Langrock, S, La Zia, F, Lehnert, B, Li, O, Lidgard, JJ, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Linn, Y, Liu, S, Mathew, R, McDonald, AB, McElroy, T, McFarlane, K, McLaughlin, J, Mead, S, Mehdiyev, R, Mielnichuk, C, Monroe, J, Muir, A, Nadeau, P, Nantais, C, Ng, C, Noble, AJ, O'Dwyer, E, Ohlmann, C, Olchanski, K, Olsen, KS, Ouellet, C, Pasuthip, P, Peeters, SJM, Pollmann, TR, Rand, ET, Rau, W, Rethmeier, C, Retière, F, Seeburn, N, Shaw, B, Singhrao, K, Skensved, P, Smith, B, Smith, NJT, Sonley, T, Stainforth, R, Stone, C, Strickland, V, Sur, B, Tang, J, Taylor, J, Veloce, L, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Walding, J, Ward, M, Westerdale, S, White, R, and Woolsey, E
Subjects: PMT, Hamamatsu R5912-HQE, Single photoelectron charge distribution, Afterpulsing, Late and double pulsing, Dark noise, Dark matter detection, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.
Published: 2019

10. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, P-A, Baldwin, M, Batygov, M, Beltran, B, Bina, CE, Bishop, D, Bonatt, J, Boorman, G, Boulay, MG, Broerman, B, Bromwich, T, Bueno, JF, Burghardt, PM, Butcher, A, Cai, B, Chan, S, Chen, M, Chouinard, R, Churchwell, S, Cleveland, BT, Cranshaw, D, Dering, K, DiGioseffo, J, Dittmeier, S, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Erlandson, A, Fatemighomi, N, Florian, S, Flower, A, Ford, RJ, Gagnon, R, Giampa, P, Golovko, VV, Gorel, P, Gornea, R, Grace, E, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Gulyev, E, Hall, A, Hallin, AL, Hamstra, M, Harvey, PJ, Hearns, C, Jillings, CJ, Kamaev, O, Kemp, A, Kuźniak, M, Langrock, S, La Zia, F, Lehnert, B, Li, O, Lidgard, JJ, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Linn, Y, Liu, S, Majewski, P, Mathew, R, McDonald, AB, McElroy, T, McFarlane, K, McGinn, T, McLaughlin, JB, Mead, S, Mehdiyev, R, Mielnichuk, C, Monroe, J, Muir, A, Nadeau, P, Nantais, C, Ng, C, Noble, AJ, O’Dwyer, E, Ohlmann, C, Olchanski, K, Olsen, KS, Ouellet, C, Pasuthip, P, Peeters, SJM, Pollmann, TR, Rand, ET, Rau, W, Rethmeier, C, Retière, F, Seeburn, N, Shaw, B, Singhrao, K, Skensved, P, Smith, B, Smith, NJT, Sonley, T, Soukup, J, Stainforth, R, Stone, C, Strickland, V, Sur, B, and Tang, J
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid Argon, DEAP, SNOLAB, Low background, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is 10−46cm2 for a 100 GeV/c2 WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector.
Published: 2019

11. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, PA, Baldwin, M, Batygov, M, Beltran, B, Bina, CE, Bishop, D, Bonatt, J, Boorman, G, Boulay, MG, Broerman, B, Bromwich, T, Bueno, JF, Burghardt, PM, Butcher, A, Cai, B, Chan, S, Chen, M, Chouinard, R, Churchwell, S, Cleveland, BT, Cranshaw, D, Dering, K, DiGioseffo, J, Dittmeier, S, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Erlandson, A, Fatemighomi, N, Florian, S, Flower, A, Ford, RJ, Gagnon, R, Giampa, P, Golovko, VV, Gorel, P, Gornea, R, Grace, E, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Gulyev, E, Hall, A, Hallin, AL, Hamstra, M, Harvey, PJ, Hearns, C, Jillings, CJ, Kamaev, O, Kemp, A, Kuźniak, M, Langrock, S, La Zia, F, Lehnert, B, Li, O, Lidgard, JJ, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Linn, Y, Liu, S, Majewski, P, Mathew, R, McDonald, AB, McElroy, T, McFarlane, K, McGinn, T, McLaughlin, JB, Mead, S, Mehdiyev, R, Mielnichuk, C, Monroe, J, Muir, A, Nadeau, P, Nantais, C, Ng, C, Noble, AJ, O'Dwyer, E, Ohlmann, C, Olchanski, K, Olsen, KS, Ouellet, C, Pasuthip, P, Peeters, SJM, Pollmann, TR, Rand, ET, Rau, W, Rethmeier, C, Retière, F, Seeburn, N, Shaw, B, Singhrao, K, Skensved, P, Smith, B, Smith, NJT, Sonley, T, Soukup, J, Stainforth, R, Stone, C, Strickland, V, Sur, B, and Tang, J
Subjects: Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid Argon, DEAP, SNOLAB, Low background, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is 10−46cm2 for a 100 GeV/c2 WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector.
Published: 2019

12. Design and Construction of the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Churchwell, S., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Gulyev, E., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Majewski, P., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., White, R., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is $10^{-46}~\rm{cm}^{2}$ for a 100 GeV/$c^2$ WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector., Comment: minor corrections in version 2. 70 pages, 24 figures, to be submitted to Astroparticle Physics Journal
Published: 2017
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13. First results from the DEAP-3600 dark matter search with argon at SNOLAB

Author: Collaboration, DEAP-3600, Amaudruz, P. -A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Gulyev, E., Hakobyan, R., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Lidgard, J. J., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Majewski, P., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This paper reports the first results of a direct dark matter search with the DEAP-3600 single-phase liquid argon (LAr) detector. The experiment was performed 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada) utilizing a large target mass, with the LAr target contained in a spherical acrylic vessel of 3600 kg capacity. The LAr is viewed by an array of PMTs, which would register scintillation light produced by rare nuclear recoil signals induced by dark matter particle scattering. An analysis of 4.44 live days (fiducial exposure of 9.87 tonne-days) of data taken with the nearly full detector during the initial filling phase demonstrates the detector performance and the best electronic recoil rejection using pulse-shape discrimination in argon, with leakage $<1.2\times 10^{-7}$ (90% C.L.) between 16 and 33 keV$_{ee}$. No candidate signal events are observed, which results in the leading limit on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section on argon, $<1.2\times 10^{-44}$ cm$^2$ for a 100 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass (90% C.L.)., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2017
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14. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Churchwell, S., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Gulyev, E., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McLaughlin, J., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retiére, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., White, R., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.
Published: 2017
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15. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author: P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, D. J. Auty, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, J. DiGioseffo, P. Di Stefano, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, T. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, N. Levashko, X. Li, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, E. Sánchez-García, R. Santorelli, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, and DEAP Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$ 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
Published: 2021
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16. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Duncan, F., Flower, T., Ford, R., Giampa, P., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Guliyev, E., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Liimatainen, P., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. It is a single-phase detector that searches for dark matter particle interactions within a 1000-kg fiducial mass target of liquid argon. A first generation prototype detector (DEAP-1) with a 7-kg liquid argon target mass demonstrated a high level of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for reducing $\beta$/$\gamma$ backgrounds and helped to develop low radioactivity techniques to mitigate surface-related $\alpha$ backgrounds. Construction of the DEAP-3600 detector is nearly complete and commissioning is starting in 2014. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons of 10$^{-46}$ cm$^2$ will allow one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over current searches at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This paper presents an overview and status of the DEAP-3600 project and discusses plans for a future multi-tonne experiment, DEAP-50T., Comment: International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia, 2014
Published: 2014
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17. Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

Author: Akashi-Ronquest, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bodmer, M., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Buck, B., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B., Coakley, K., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Formaggio, J. A., Gagnon, R., Gastler, D., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grace, E., Guerrero, N., Guiseppe, V., Hallin, A. L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Henning, R., Hime, A., Hofgartner, J., Jaditz, S., Jillings, C. J., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Kelsey, J., Klein, J. R., Kuzniak, M., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Linden, S., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D. N., MacMullin, S., Mastbaum, A., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., Mei, D. -M., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J. A., Noble, T., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Perumpilly, G., Pollmann, T., Rau, P., Retiere, F., Rielage, K., Schnee, R., Seibert, S., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Ward, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2014
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18. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: DEAP Collaboration, P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, G. R. Araujo, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, C. E. Bina, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, A. Butcher, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, S. J. Daugherty, P. Di Stefano, K. Dering, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, A. Erlandson, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, A. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, E. A. Garcés, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, S. Langrock, F. La Zia, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, X. Li, O. Litvinov, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, P. Majewski, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, V. Pesudo, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, E. Sanchez García, T. Sánchez-Pastor, R. Santorelli, N. Seeburn, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Veloce, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, and A. Zuñiga-Reyes
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$ O (ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
Published: 2020
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19. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, P.-A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C.E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M.G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J.F., Burghardt, P.M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Churchwell, S., Cleveland, B.T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F.A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R.J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V.V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D.R., Gulyev, E., Hall, A., Hallin, A.L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P.J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C.J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, O., Lidgard, J.J., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Majewski, P., Mathew, R., McDonald, A.B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J.B., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A.J., O’Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K.S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S.J.M., Pollmann, T.R., Rand, E.T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N.J.T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., White, R., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Published: 2019
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20. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Boudjemline, K., Caldwell, M. G. Boulay B. Cai T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Contreras, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Ford, R., Giuliani, R. Gagnon F., Golovko, M. Gold V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A. L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W. H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, T., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retiere, F., Ronquest, M., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The DEAP-1 \SI{7}{kg} single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was operated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the backgrounds inherent to single phase detection, in support of the \mbox{DEAP-3600} Dark Matter detector. Backgrounds in DEAP are controlled through material selection, construction techniques, pulse shape discrimination and event reconstruction. This report details the analysis of background events observed in three iterations of the DEAP-1 detector, and the measures taken to reduce them. The $^{222}$Rn decay rate in the liquid argon was measured to be between 16 and \SI{26}{\micro\becquerel\per\kilogram}. We found that the background spectrum near the region of interest for Dark Matter detection in the DEAP-1 detector can be described considering events from three sources: radon daughters decaying on the surface of the active volume, the expected rate of electromagnetic events misidentified as nuclear recoils due to inefficiencies in the pulse shape discrimination, and leakage of events from outside the fiducial volume due to imperfect position reconstruction. These backgrounds statistically account for all observed events, and they will be strongly reduced in the DEAP-3600 detector due to its higher light yield and simpler geometry.
Published: 2012
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21. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Hofgartner, J., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., La Zia, F., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W. H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Mehdiyev, R., McKinsey, D. N., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Ronquest, M., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-1 low-background liquid argon detector was used to measure scintillation pulse shapes of electron and nuclear recoil events and to demonstrate the feasibility of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) down to an electron-equivalent energy of 20 keV. In the surface dataset using a triple-coincidence tag we found the fraction of beta events that are misidentified as nuclear recoils to be $<1.4\times 10^{-7}$ (90% C.L.) for energies between 43-86 keVee and for a nuclear recoil acceptance of at least 90%, with 4% systematic uncertainty on the absolute energy scale. The discrimination measurement on surface was limited by nuclear recoils induced by cosmic-ray generated neutrons. This was improved by moving the detector to the SNOLAB underground laboratory, where the reduced background rate allowed the same measurement with only a double-coincidence tag. The combined data set contains $1.23\times10^8$ events. One of those, in the underground data set, is in the nuclear-recoil region of interest. Taking into account the expected background of 0.48 events coming from random pileup, the resulting upper limit on the electronic recoil contamination is $<2.7\times10^{-8}$ (90% C.L.) between 44-89 keVee and for a nuclear recoil acceptance of at least 90%, with 6% systematic uncertainty on the absolute energy scale. We developed a general mathematical framework to describe PSD parameter distributions and used it to build an analytical model of the distributions observed in DEAP-1. Using this model, we project a misidentification fraction of approx. $10^{-10}$ for an electron-equivalent energy threshold of 15 keV for a detector with 8 PE/keVee light yield. This reduction enables a search for spin-independent scattering of WIMPs from 1000 kg of liquid argon with a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of $10^{-46}$ cm$^2$, assuming negligible contribution from nuclear recoil backgrounds., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2009
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22. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P.-A., Auty, D. J., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Cranshaw, D., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, T., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O’Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M.-C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sánchez-García, E., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Published: 2021
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23. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés , E. A., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M.-C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Published: 2020
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24. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy β and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

Author: Amaudruz, P.-A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M.G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J.F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B.T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V.V., Gorel, P., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D.R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A.L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Hofgartner, J., Jillings, C.J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., La Zia, F., Li, O., Lidgard, J.J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W.H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A.B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D.N., Mehdiyev, R., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, A.J., O’Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S.J.M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Ronquest, M., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Published: 2016
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25. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: Amaudruz, P.-A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M.G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J.F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B.T., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Duncan, F., Flower, T., Ford, R., Giampa, P., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D.R., Guliyev, E., Hallin, A.L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Jillings, C.J., Lawson, I., Li, O., Liimatainen, P., Majewski, P., McDonald, A.B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A.J., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S.J.M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., Ward, M., and Kuźniak, M.
Published: 2016
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26. Improving photoelectron counting and particle identification in scintillation detectors with Bayesian techniques

Author: Akashi-Ronquest, M., Amaudruz, P.-A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bodmer, M., Boulay, M.G., Broerman, B., Buck, B., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B., Coakley, K., Dering, K., Duncan, F.A., Formaggio, J.A., Gagnon, R., Gastler, D., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V.V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grace, E., Guerrero, N., Guiseppe, V., Hallin, A.L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Henning, R., Hime, A., Hofgartner, J., Jaditz, S., Jillings, C.J., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Kelsey, J., Klein, J.R., Kuźniak, M., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J.J., Liimatainen, P., Linden, S., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D.N., MacMullin, S., Mastbaum, A., Mathew, R., McDonald, A.B., Mei, D.-M., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J.A., Noble, T., O’Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Orebi Gann, G.D., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Perumpilly, G., Pollmann, T., Rau, P., Retière, F., Rielage, K., Schnee, R., Seibert, S., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Ward, M., and Zhang, C.
Published: 2015
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27. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, P.-A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M.G., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B.T., Contreras, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Ford, R., Gagnon, R., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V.V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D.R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A.L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Jillings, C.J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W.H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A.B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, T., O’Dwyer, E., Olsen, K.S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retiere, F., Ronquest, M., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., and Ward, M.
Published: 2015
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28. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: Adhikari, P. (P.), Ajaj, R. (R.), Araujo, G.R. (G. R.), Batygov, M. (M.), Beltran, B. (B.), Bina, C.E. (C. E.), Boulay, M.G. (Mark Guy), Broerman, B. (B.), Bueno, J.F. (J. F.), Butcher, A. (A.), Cai, B. (B.), Cárdenas-Montes, M. (M.), Cavuoti, S. (S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cleveland, B.T. (B. T.), Corning, J.M. (J. M.), Daugherty, S.J. (S. J.), Di Stefano, P. (P.), Dering, K. (K.), Doria, L. (L.), Duncan, F.A. (F. A.), Dunford, M. (M.), Erlandson, A. (A.), Fatemighomi, N. (N.), Fiorillo, G. (G.), Flower, A. (A.), Ford, R.J. (R. J.), Gagnon, R. (R.), Gallacher, D. (D.), Garcés, E.A. (E. A.), Abia, P.G. (P. García), Garg, S. (S.), Giampa, P. (P.), Goeldi, D. (D.), Golovko, V.V. (V. V.), Gorel, P. (P.), Graham, K. (K.), Grant, D.R. (D. R.), Grobov, A. (A.), Hallin, A.L. (A. L.), Hamstra, M. (M.), Harvey, P.J. (P. J.), Hearns, C. (C.), Ilyasov, A. (A.), Joy, A. (A.), Jillings, C.J. (C. J.), Kamaev, O. (O.), Kaur, G. (G.), Kemp, A. (A.), Kochanek, I. (I.), Kuźniak, M. (M.), Langrock, S. (S.), La Zia, F. (F.), Lehnert, B. (B.), Levashko, N. (N.), Li, X. (X.), Litvinov, O. (O.), Lock, J. (J.), Longo, G. (G.), Machulin, I. (I.), Majewski, P. (P.), McDonald, A.B. (A. B.), McElroy, T. (T.), McGinn, T. (T.), McLaughlin, J.B. (J. B.), Mehdiyev, R. (R.), Mielnichuk, C. (C.), Monroe, J. (J.), Nadeau, P. (P.), Nantais, C. (C.), Ng, C. (C.), Noble, A.J. (A. J.), Oliviéro, G. (G.), Ouellet, C. (C.), Pal, S. (S.), Pasuthip, P. (P.), Peeters, S.J.M. (S. J.M.), Pesudo, V. (V.), Piro, M.-C. (M. C.), Pollmann, T.R. (T. R.), Rand, E.T. (E. T.), Rethmeier, C. (C.), Retière, F. (F.), García, E.S. (E. Sanchez), Sánchez-Pastor, T. (T.), Santorelli, R. (R.), Seeburn, N. (N.), Skensved, P. (P.), Smith, B. (B.), Smith, N.J.T. (N. J.T.), Sonley, T. (T.), Stainforth, R. (R.), Stone, C. (C.), Strickland, V. (V.), Stringer, M. (M.), Sur, B. (B.), Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. (E.), Veloce, L. (L.), Viel, S. (S.), Walding, J. (J.), Waqar, M. (M.), Ward, M. (M.), Westerdale, S. (S.), Willis, J. (J.), Zuñiga-Reyes, A. (A.), Adhikari, P. (P.), Ajaj, R. (R.), Araujo, G.R. (G. R.), Batygov, M. (M.), Beltran, B. (B.), Bina, C.E. (C. E.), Boulay, M.G. (Mark Guy), Broerman, B. (B.), Bueno, J.F. (J. F.), Butcher, A. (A.), Cai, B. (B.), Cárdenas-Montes, M. (M.), Cavuoti, S. (S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cleveland, B.T. (B. T.), Corning, J.M. (J. M.), Daugherty, S.J. (S. J.), Di Stefano, P. (P.), Dering, K. (K.), Doria, L. (L.), Duncan, F.A. (F. A.), Dunford, M. (M.), Erlandson, A. (A.), Fatemighomi, N. (N.), Fiorillo, G. (G.), Flower, A. (A.), Ford, R.J. (R. J.), Gagnon, R. (R.), Gallacher, D. (D.), Garcés, E.A. (E. A.), Abia, P.G. (P. García), Garg, S. (S.), Giampa, P. (P.), Goeldi, D. (D.), Golovko, V.V. (V. V.), Gorel, P. (P.), Graham, K. (K.), Grant, D.R. (D. R.), Grobov, A. (A.), Hallin, A.L. (A. L.), Hamstra, M. (M.), Harvey, P.J. (P. J.), Hearns, C. (C.), Ilyasov, A. (A.), Joy, A. (A.), Jillings, C.J. (C. J.), Kamaev, O. (O.), Kaur, G. (G.), Kemp, A. (A.), Kochanek, I. (I.), Kuźniak, M. (M.), Langrock, S. (S.), La Zia, F. (F.), Lehnert, B. (B.), Levashko, N. (N.), Li, X. (X.), Litvinov, O. (O.), Lock, J. (J.), Longo, G. (G.), Machulin, I. (I.), Majewski, P. (P.), McDonald, A.B. (A. B.), McElroy, T. (T.), McGinn, T. (T.), McLaughlin, J.B. (J. B.), Mehdiyev, R. (R.), Mielnichuk, C. (C.), Monroe, J. (J.), Nadeau, P. (P.), Nantais, C. (C.), Ng, C. (C.), Noble, A.J. (A. J.), Oliviéro, G. (G.), Ouellet, C. (C.), Pal, S. (S.), Pasuthip, P. (P.), Peeters, S.J.M. (S. J.M.), Pesudo, V. (V.), Piro, M.-C. (M. C.), Pollmann, T.R. (T. R.), Rand, E.T. (E. T.), Rethmeier, C. (C.), Retière, F. (F.), García, E.S. (E. Sanchez), Sánchez-Pastor, T. (T.), Santorelli, R. (R.), Seeburn, N. (N.), Skensved, P. (P.), Smith, B. (B.), Smith, N.J.T. (N. J.T.), Sonley, T. (T.), Stainforth, R. (R.), Stone, C. (C.), Strickland, V. (V.), Stringer, M. (M.), Sur, B. (B.), Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. (E.), Veloce, L. (L.), Viel, S. (S.), Walding, J. (J.), Waqar, M. (M.), Ward, M. (M.), Westerdale, S. (S.), Willis, J. (J.), and Zuñiga-Reyes, A. (A.)
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed h
Published: 2020
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29. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Duncan, F., Flower, T., Ford, R., Giampa, P., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Guliyev, E., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Liimatainen, P., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, WIMP, Dark matter, DEAP, FOS: Physical sciences, SNOLAB, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter, low radioactivity techniques, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, ultra-low backgrounds, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), liquid argon, underground physics, Weakly interacting massive particles, liquid noble gas detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. It is a single-phase detector that searches for dark matter particle interactions within a 1000-kg fiducial mass target of liquid argon. A first generation prototype detector (DEAP-1) with a 7-kg liquid argon target mass demonstrated a high level of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for reducing $\beta$/$\gamma$ backgrounds and helped to develop low radioactivity techniques to mitigate surface-related $\alpha$ backgrounds. Construction of the DEAP-3600 detector is nearly complete and commissioning is starting in 2014. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons of 10$^{-46}$ cm$^2$ will allow one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over current searches at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This paper presents an overview and status of the DEAP-3600 project and discusses plans for a future multi-tonne experiment, DEAP-50T., Comment: International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia, 2014
Published: 2016
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30. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author: Amaudruz, P.-A., primary, Batygov, M., additional, Beltran, B., additional, Bina, C.E., additional, Bishop, D., additional, Bonatt, J., additional, Boorman, G., additional, Boulay, M.G., additional, Broerman, B., additional, Bromwich, T., additional, Bueno, J.F., additional, Butcher, A., additional, Cai, B., additional, Chan, S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chouinard, R., additional, Churchwell, S., additional, Cleveland, B.T., additional, Cranshaw, D., additional, Dering, K., additional, Dittmeier, S., additional, Duncan, F.A., additional, Dunford, M., additional, Erlandson, A., additional, Fatemighomi, N., additional, Ford, R.J., additional, Gagnon, R., additional, Giampa, P., additional, Golovko, V.V., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Grace, E., additional, Graham, K., additional, Grant, D.R., additional, Gulyev, E., additional, Hall, A., additional, Hallin, A.L., additional, Hamstra, M., additional, Harvey, P.J., additional, Hearns, C., additional, Jillings, C.J., additional, Kamaev, O., additional, Kemp, A., additional, Kuźniak, M., additional, Langrock, S., additional, La Zia, F., additional, Lehnert, B., additional, Li, O., additional, Lidgard, J.J., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Lim, C., additional, Lindner, T., additional, Linn, Y., additional, Liu, S., additional, Mathew, R., additional, McDonald, A.B., additional, McElroy, T., additional, McFarlane, K., additional, McLaughlin, J., additional, Mead, S., additional, Mehdiyev, R., additional, Mielnichuk, C., additional, Monroe, J., additional, Muir, A., additional, Nadeau, P., additional, Nantais, C., additional, Ng, C., additional, Noble, A.J., additional, O’Dwyer, E., additional, Ohlmann, C., additional, Olchanski, K., additional, Olsen, K.S., additional, Ouellet, C., additional, Pasuthip, P., additional, Peeters, S.J.M., additional, Pollmann, T.R., additional, Rand, E.T., additional, Rau, W., additional, Rethmeier, C., additional, Retière, F., additional, Seeburn, N., additional, Shaw, B., additional, Singhrao, K., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Smith, B., additional, Smith, N.J.T., additional, Sonley, T., additional, Stainforth, R., additional, Stone, C., additional, Strickland, V., additional, Sur, B., additional, Tang, J., additional, Taylor, J., additional, Veloce, L., additional, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., additional, Walding, J., additional, Ward, M., additional, Westerdale, S., additional, White, R., additional, Woolsey, E., additional, and Zielinski, J., additional
Published: 2019
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31. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: Kuźniak, M., primary, Amaudruz, P.-A., additional, Batygov, M., additional, Beltran, B., additional, Bonatt, J., additional, Boulay, M.G., additional, Broerman, B., additional, Bueno, J.F., additional, Butcher, A., additional, Cai, B., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chouinard, R., additional, Cleveland, B.T., additional, Dering, K., additional, DiGioseffo, J., additional, Duncan, F., additional, Flower, T., additional, Ford, R., additional, Giampa, P., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Graham, K., additional, Grant, D.R., additional, Guliyev, E., additional, Hallin, A.L., additional, Hamstra, M., additional, Harvey, P., additional, Jillings, C.J., additional, Lawson, I., additional, Li, O., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Majewski, P., additional, McDonald, A.B., additional, McElroy, T., additional, McFarlane, K., additional, Monroe, J., additional, Muir, A., additional, Nantais, C., additional, Ng, C., additional, Noble, A.J., additional, Ouellet, C., additional, Palladino, K., additional, Pasuthip, P., additional, Peeters, S.J.M., additional, Pollmann, T., additional, Rau, W., additional, Retière, F., additional, Seeburn, N., additional, Singhrao, K., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Smith, B., additional, Sonley, T., additional, Tang, J., additional, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., additional, Veloce, L., additional, Walding, J., additional, and Ward, M., additional
Published: 2016
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32. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

Author: Boulay, MG, Cai, B, Chen, M, Golovko, V, Harvey, P, Mathew, R, Lidgard, J, McDonald, AB, Pasuthip, P, Pollman, T, Skensved, P, Graham, K, Hallin, A, McKinsey, D, Lippincott, W, Nikkel, J, Jillings, C, Duncan, F, Cleveland, B, and Lawson, I
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The DEAP-1 low-background liquid argon detector has been used to measure scintillation pulse shapes of beta decays and nuclear recoil events and to demonstrate the feasibility of pulse-shape discrimination down to an electron-equivalent energy of 20 keVee. The relative intensities of singlet/triplet states in liquid argon have been measured as a function of energy between 15 and 500 keVee for both beta and nuclear recoils. Using a triple-coincidence tag we find the fraction of beta events that are mis-identified as nuclear recoils to be less than 6x10^{-8} between 43-86 keVee and that the discrimination parameter agrees with a simple analytic model. The discrimination measurement is currently limited by nuclear recoils induced by cosmic-ray generated neutrons, and is expected to improve by operating the detector underground at SNOLAB. The analytic model predicts a beta mis-identification fraction of 10^{-10} for an electron-equivalent energy threshold of 20 keVee. This reduction allows for a sensitive search for spin-independent scattering of WIMPs from 1000 kg of liquid argon with a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of 10^{-46} cm^{2}.
Published: 2009

33. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
Published: 2020
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34. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, C. Jillings, C. E. Bina, S. Langrock, T. Sonley, C. M. Nantais, Stefano Cavuoti, Peter Majewski, M. C. Piro, V. V. Golovko, K. Graham, N. J. T. Smith, O. Litvinov, P. Skensved, J. B. McLaughlin, Darren Grant, E. Sanchez Garcia, P. Nadeau, O. Kamaev, I. Kochanek, M. G. Boulay, Min Chen, Martin Ward, D. Gallacher, R. J. Ford, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, F. La Zia, N. Fatemighomi, Giuseppe Longo, T. McGinn, S. Viel, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, A. Erlandson, D. Goeldi, B. Lehnert, V. Pesudo, N. Seeburn, V. Strickland, E. T. Rand, S. Garg, R. Gagnon, K. Dering, C. Mielnichuk, R. Santorelli, Bhaskar Sur, P. Pasuthip, T. McElroy, A. J. Noble, P. Gorel, Xiujiang Li, S. J. M. Peeters, R. Ajaj, B. Beltran, A. Flower, C. Ng, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Joy, J. Walding, M. Waqar, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, J. Willis, M. Batygov, C. Hearns, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, G. R. Araujo, R. Mehdiyev, A. L. Hallin, G. Fiorillo, B. T. Cleveland, F. Retiere, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, B. C. Smith, M. Kuźniak, C. Stone, S. Westerdale, F. A. Duncan, R. Stainforth, B. Broerman, A. Butcher, Bei Cai, C. Ouellet, M. Dunford, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. M. Burghardt, P. Giampa, P. Garcia Abia, Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Dark matter, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, DEAP, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Single phase, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Prior information, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Author(s): Ajaj, R; Araujo, GR; Batygov, M; Beltran, B; Bina, CE; Boulay, MG; Broerman, B; Bueno, JF; Burghardt, PM; Butcher, A; Cai, B; Cardenas-Montes, M; Cavuoti, S; Chen, M; Chen, Y; Cleveland, BT; Dering, K; Duncan, FA; Dunford, M; Erlandson, A; Fatemighomi, N; Fiorillo, G; Flower, A; Ford, RJ; Gagnon, R; Gallacher, D; Garcia Abia, P; Garg, S; Giampa, P; Goeldi, D; Golovko, VV; Gorel, P; Graham, K; Grant, DR; Hallin, AL; Hamstra, M; Harvey, PJ; Hearns, C; Joy, A; Jillings, CJ; Kamaev, O; Kaur, G; Kemp, A; Kochanek, I; Kuźniak, M; Langrock, S; La Zia, F; Lehnert, B; Li, X; Litvinov, O; Lock, J; Longo, G; Majewski, P; McDonald, AB; McElroy, T; McGinn, T; McLaughlin, JB; Mehdiyev, R; Mielnichuk, C; Monroe, J; Nadeau, P; Nantais, C; Ng, C; Noble, AJ; Ouellet, C; Pasuthip, P; Peeters, SJM; Pesudo, V; Piro, MC; Pollmann, TR; Rand, ET; Rethmeier, C; Retiere, F; Sanchez Garcia, E; Santorelli, R; Seeburn, N; Skensved, P; Smith, B; Smith, NJT; Sonley, T; Stainforth, R; Stone, C; Strickland, V; Sur, B; Vazquez-Jauregui, E | Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for weakly interacting massive particles dark matter with a 3.3 ×103 kg single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is kilo electron volt-scale Ar40 nuclear recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by photomultiplier tubes. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ERs) induced by β and γ rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. Pulse-shape discrimination separates ER and NR events. However, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components sets valuable constraints on NR backgrounds including neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of Ar42 in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of K42. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon, e.g., DarkSide-20k, GERDA, or LEGEND. The specific activity of Ar42 in the atmosphere is found to be 40.4±5.9 μBq/kg of argon.
Published: 2019

35. First Results from the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search with Argon at SNOLAB.

Author: Amaudruz PA, Baldwin M, Batygov M, Beltran B, Bina CE, Bishop D, Bonatt J, Boorman G, Boulay MG, Broerman B, Bromwich T, Bueno JF, Burghardt PM, Butcher A, Cai B, Chan S, Chen M, Chouinard R, Cleveland BT, Cranshaw D, Dering K, DiGioseffo J, Dittmeier S, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Erlandson A, Fatemighomi N, Florian S, Flower A, Ford RJ, Gagnon R, Giampa P, Golovko VV, Gorel P, Gornea R, Grace E, Graham K, Gulyev E, Hakobyan R, Hall A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Harvey PJ, Hearns C, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kemp A, Kuźniak M, Langrock S, La Zia F, Lehnert B, Lidgard JJ, Lim C, Lindner T, Linn Y, Liu S, Majewski P, Mathew R, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McGinn T, McLaughlin JB, Mead S, Mehdiyev R, Mielnichuk C, Monroe J, Muir A, Nadeau P, Nantais C, Ng C, Noble AJ, O'Dwyer E, Ohlmann C, Olchanski K, Olsen KS, Ouellet C, Pasuthip P, Peeters SJM, Pollmann TR, Rand ET, Rau W, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Seeburn N, Shaw B, Singhrao K, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Soukup J, Stainforth R, Stone C, Strickland V, Sur B, Tang J, Taylor J, Veloce L, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Walding J, Ward M, Westerdale S, Woolsey E, and Zielinski J
Abstract: This Letter reports the first results of a direct dark matter search with the DEAP-3600 single-phase liquid argon (LAr) detector. The experiment was performed 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada) utilizing a large target mass, with the LAr target contained in a spherical acrylic vessel of 3600 kg capacity. The LAr is viewed by an array of PMTs, which would register scintillation light produced by rare nuclear recoil signals induced by dark matter particle scattering. An analysis of 4.44 live days (fiducial exposure of 9.87 ton day) of data taken during the initial filling phase demonstrates the best electronic recoil rejection using pulse-shape discrimination in argon, with leakage <1.2×10^{-7} (90% C.L.) between 15 and 31 keV_{ee}. No candidate signal events are observed, which results in the leading limit on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon spin-independent cross section on argon, <1.2×10^{-44} cm^{2} for a 100 GeV/c^{2} WIMP mass (90% C.L.).
Published: 2018
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35 results on '"Pasuthip, P."'

1. Precision Measurement of the Specific Activity of $^{39}$Ar in Atmospheric Argon with the DEAP-3600 Detector

2. Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

3. Precision measurement of the specific activity of $$^{39}$$ 39 Ar in atmospheric argon with the DEAP-3600 detector

4. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

5. Electromagnetic Backgrounds and Potassium-42 Activity in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

6. Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB

7. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

8. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

9. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

10. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

11. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

12. Design and Construction of the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

13. First results from the DEAP-3600 dark matter search with argon at SNOLAB

14. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

15. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

16. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

17. Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

18. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

19. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

20. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

21. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

22. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

23. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

24. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy β and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

25. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

26. Improving photoelectron counting and particle identification in scintillation detectors with Bayesian techniques

27. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

28. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

29. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

30. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

31. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

32. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

33. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

34. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

35. First Results from the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search with Argon at SNOLAB.

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35 results on '"Pasuthip, P."'

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