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Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is a drought and high ambient temperature tolerant crop native to the Sonoran Desert, the hottest and driest region in the United States and Mexico. Although tepary bean is an orphan crop with little current commercial production, there was a brief period of larger scale production in the early 1900s in California. Tepary bean has great potential as a novel crop in a warmer world climate and can be introduced as an alternative pulse crop in hot and/or dry regions worldwide. TARS-Tep 23 (Reg. no. GP-309, PI 698457) is an improved tepary bean germplasm with wide-ranging adaptation to tropical and temperate regions experiencing high temperature and drought stress conditions, with broad resistance to bean rust and with resistance to common bacterial blight. It has a flat, mottled black seed type with good seed size, a Type III plant habit, and a short crop cycle of 55–61 d in the environments tested. This germplasm was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS, Zamorano University, the University of California–Davis, and the University of Nebraska. The use of this improved germplasm by farmers in production zones affected by abiotic and biotic stresses, or by breeding programs, can potentially increase seed yields of this climate-resilient crop.

Pathogenic variation studies with colombian isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc & Magn) Scrib., the anthracnose bean pathogen, were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions at CIAT, Colombia. In addition, bean germplam with cormercial grain color was evaluated with the objective of identifying resistant varieties and sources of resistance to the existing variation. To this purpose, 17 isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected at the principal Colombian bean zones, were inoculated on 21 American and European differential bean varieties.En los laboratorios e invernaderos del programa de fitopatología de fríjol del CIAT, se estudió la variación patogénica de aislamientos colombianos de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc& Magn) Scrib. También se evaluó germoplasma de frijol con grano de color comercial con el objetivo de identificar líneas resistentes y fuentes de resistencia a la variación existente. Para este fin, 17 aislamientos de C.lindemuthianum, colectados en las principales zonas frijoleras colombianas se inocularon sobre 21 variedades diferenciales.

The pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 'USDA Rattler' (Reg. no. CV‐350, PI 693789), was released by the USDA‐ARS in 2021 as a high‐yielding, upright, full‐season cultivar with abiotic stress tolerance. It was bred for broad adaptation to the different bean production regions across the United States by selection for high yield performance under nonstress and multiple stress trials in Washington state. The multiple stress trials included a "purgatory" plot with low fertility, intermittent drought, and soil compaction, and a separate trial which simulated terminal drought. Conversely, the nonstress trials were well watered and fertilized to optimize yield potential. Yield stability is evidenced by the mean seed yield for the breeding line PT11‐13, from which USDA Rattler was selected, numerically exceeding the trial means for 33 of 38 location‐years. Broad adaptation for USDA Rattler is further evidenced by an average seed yield of 4547 kg ha−1 across 10 location‐years in the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. Genetic markers as well as pathogen testing indicate USDA Rattler has I and bc‐3 gene combination for durable resistance to all known strains of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Greenhouse testing with four races of the rust pathogen indicated USDA Rattler is fixed for the Ur‐3 resistance gene but is heterogenous for presence of the Ur‐11 resistance gene. The seed size, appearance, and canning quality characteristics of USDA Rattler meets the industry standards for packaging and processing. Core Ideas: USDA Rattler was bred for high yield potential under both favorable and stressful environments.USDA Rattler performed well in our "purgatory plot" used to select for drought and low soil fertility tolerance.USDA Rattler is resistant to all known strains of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus.USDA Rattler is widely adapted to production regions across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow‐darkening pinto common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar 'Wildcat' (Reg. no. CV‐345, PI 698190) was released by the University of Nebraska dry bean breeding program in 2018. It was bred for adaptation to western Nebraska growing conditions and enhanced resistance to bean rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The yield of Wildcat was comparable to conventional and slow‐darkening pinto bean cultivars grown in Nebraska from 2015 to 2020. During the 2017 Western Regional Bean Trial, 2017 Midwest Regional Performance Nursery, and 2018 Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery, Wildcat had a higher seed yield than 'Twin Falls', 'Nez Perce', 'Black Foot', 'Montrose', 'Buster', 'ND‐Palomino', and 'La Paz' at some locations. Wildcat has the Ur‐11 gene that confers resistance to all but one known bean rust race and carries the Indel NDSU_IND_11_48.459.896 marker tagging the Ur‐11 locus. Wildcat also has the SAP6 sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker linked to a major CBB resistance quantitative trait locus, with an intermediate CBB rating (5.0) under field conditions at western Nebraska in 2020. Wildcat also carries the single dominant I gene that confers resistance to all non‐necrotic strains of BCMV and the SW13 SCAR marker linked to the I gene for resistance to BCMV. Wildcat has white flowers, blooms 46 d after planting, and is a full‐season bean, maturing 93 d after planting. The seed size of Wildcat, 43.3 g 100 seeds–1 on average, was significantly larger than current conventional and slow‐darkening pinto beans. Core Ideas: 'Wildcat' is a slow‐darkening pinto common bean cultivar.It was bred for western Nebraska growing conditions.Wildcat is resistant to bean rust and bean common mosaic virus and intermediate to bacterial blight.Wildcat blooms and matures 46 and 93 d after planting.Seed size of Wildcat is larger than current conventional and slow‐darkening pinto cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing cultivars that possess multiple disease-and-pest resistance minimizes crop losses, reduces the need for pesticides, and lowers production costs. Our objective was to use gamete selection (i.e., selection based on [F.sub.1]-derived families that come from crosses that are multiple-parent, heterogeneous, and heterogametic) to develop upright carioca-type beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS), anthracnose (ANT), bean common mosaic (BCM), bean golden mosaic (BGM), common bacterial blight (CBB), and leafhopper (LHP). Two multiple-parent, interracial crosses (BZ 9780 and GX 9792) were made, using plant-to-plant pollinations, in 1990-1991. The [F.sub.1]-derived [F.sub.2] ([F.sub.1.2]) families were evaluated for ALS and CBB, and [F.sub.1.3] families for ANT and LHP. in [F.sub.4], carioca-type seeds from promising families were saved. The [F.sub.1.4] families were then evaluated for BGM. All 127 [F.sub.1.2] families from BZ 9780 were discarded by [F.sub.4] because none segregated for six resistances and possessed carioca-type seeds. Of the GX 9792 population, 260 [F.sub.5]-derived [F.sub.9] ([F.sub.5.9] lines, originating from only 12 of 460 [F.sub.1.2] families, were evaluated for ALS, ANT, BCM, BGM, CBB, and LHP. Six parents, eight checks, and 86 [F.sub.5.9] lines resistant to at least ANT, BCM, and CBB were tested for yield in seven environments in 1995-1996, using a partially balanced lattice design with three replicates. Only eight lines, originating from four of the 460 [F.sub.1.2] families, possessed resistance to all five diseases and LHP. Of these lines, one outyielded the check cultivar Carioca, and that line with one other outyielded the two carioca-type parents (A 769 and EMP 250) used in the GX 9792 populations. Thus, the use of gamete selection and early generation testing was effective in developing high- yielding upright lines with resistance to multiple biotic stresses., REPORTED 30 yr ago from unknown origins, Carioca has become the most popular common bean cultivar in Brazil. It has also been introduced to neighboring Argentina and Bolivia and to [...]

Great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar 'White Pearl' (Reg. no. CV‐343, PI 698189) was developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska and released in 2018. It was bred specifically for adaptation to western Nebraska growing conditions and for upright plant architecture, high yield, and enhanced resistance to bean rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Seed yield of White Pearl was comparable and slightly higher than other great northern cultivars in on‐station trials conducted in Nebraska and did not differ significantly in yield from 'Aries' and 'Matterhorn' in regional trials. Seed size (100‐seed weight) of White Pearl was larger than 'Marquis', 'Orion', 'Gemini', 'Beryl‐R', and Aries in trials grown in Nebraska. White Pearl carries the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker SAP6 linked to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to CBB. White Pearl had a CBB disease rating of 6.0 (intermediate) under field conditions at the Scottsbluff and Mitchell Ag Labs in 2020. White Pearl also has the Ur‐3 gene for resistance to bean rust and carries the SS68 Kompetitive Allele Specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) and SK14 SCAR markers linked to the Ur‐3 locus. It also contains the single dominant hypersensitive I gene that confers resistance to all non‐necrotic strains of BCMV and the SW13 SCAR marker linked to the I gene. White Pearl has bright white seed, blooms 46 d after planting, and is a midseason bean, maturing 89 d after planting. Core Ideas: White Pearl is a new great northern common bean cultivar with high yield potential.White Pearl's upright plant architecture Type 2b makes it suitable for direct harvest.White Pearl blooms 46 d after planting and is a midseason bean, maturing 89 d after planting.White Pearl has intermediate resistance to the common bacterial blight, rust, and common mosaic virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'ND Twilight' (Reg. no. CV‐332, PI 693268; PVP‐202000258) is a new black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Twilight was developed using a modified pedigree method (F1–F5), followed by pure line selection based on agronomic, disease, and quality traits, along with specific DNA markers. With ∼24% of the total dry bean production in the United States, black bean is the second most important market class after pinto. Accounting for ∼35% of the total production, North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the United States. However, both biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors responsible for seed yield reductions. Between 2014 and 2019, ND Twilight was tested across more than 21 environments in North Dakota, where seed yield was significantly different from 'Zorro' and similar to 'Eclipse' and 'Loreto'. ND Twilight is resistant to the most common race (20‐3) of the bean rust pathogen and Bean common mosaic virus. It also has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight and to soybean cyst nematode (HG Type 0). ND Twilight has desirable upright architecture (Type IIa). Under North Dakota conditions, ND Twilight shows an average plant height of 49 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 19.7 g, and matures in ∼99 d. Canning quality was rated as acceptable. Other traits of agronomic and economic importance are within acceptable commercial ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]