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Introducción: La diversidad de especies de peces en las estribaciones amazónicas de Ecuador incluye especies de tamaño moderado adaptadas a vivir en ríos de lecho pedregoso, de rápido flujo y bien oxigenados. Estas especies siguen siendo importantes para la pesca de subsistencia. Sin embargo, los estudios actuales sobre la etnoictiología de las comunidades indígenas asentadas en las cuencas altas de los principales afluentes amazónicos de Ecuador aún son incipientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la riqueza ictiológica y el sistema de pesca familiar de la comunidad Kichwa CEPLOA, en la Amazonia ecuatoriana alta. Métodos: En 2020 elaboramos un inventario de peces en el río Oglán, principalmente con redes de lanzamiento, y entrevistamos a 18 miembros de la comunidad sobre el sistema de pesca familiar. Resultados: Registramos 17 especies de peces, con predominio de las familias Characidae, Loricariidae y Cichlidae, todas características de ríos bien conservados en las estribaciones amazónicas. Los pescadores locales practican la pesca de subsistencia con redes de lanzamiento y anzuelos (promedio 1,5kg de pescado por captura). Los pescadores perciben una disminución en la diversidad y abundancia de la fauna de peces, así como en sus tamaños, en comparación con la última década, posiblemente debido al aumento de las operaciones de pesca y al uso de técnicas de captura insostenibles. Conclusión: Las 17 especies de peces locales son típicas de ríos bien conservados en las estribaciones amazónicas. Los pescadores locales de subsistencia informaron una reducción en la diversidad, abundancia y tamaño de los peces, atribuida al aumento de las actividades de pesca y a métodos de captura insostenibles. Una regulación interna podría reducir el problema.

En la Amazonía ecuatoriana, la contaminación, el aumento del tráfico fluvial y las capturas afectan a las poblaciones de delfines rosados. La mayoría de estudios de esta especie proceden del nororiente del país, mientras que se desconoce su situación actual en la Amazonía central. Este trabajo proporciona nuevos datos sobre las poblaciones de delfines rosados localizadas al sur del Parque Nacional Yasuní, a partir del conocimiento etnobiológico del Pueblo Kichwa de Kawsak Sacha. Treinta y tres personas de seis comunidades kichwas proporcionaron datos inéditos sobre el delfin rosado, incluyendo nombres locales, tamaño de los grupos observados, dieta, sus valores y las amenazas existentes a partir de entrevistas realizadas en el año 2021. Al sur del Parque Nacional Yasuní, los delfines son avistados con frecuencia (uno a cinco ejemplares por avistamiento) en los ríos Curaray y Pintoyacu, en las bocanas de ríos secundarios y algunas lagunas. Los entrevistados tienen una percepción positiva hacia la presencia de estos cetáceos en sus comunidades y reconocen distintos valores, considerándolos como indicadores de buena calidad ecosistémica, espíritus tutelares y de importancia potencial para el turismo. Si bien, desde el año 2005 la especie está protegida en este territorio kichwa y nunca ha sido cazada, hay reportes ocasionales de caza por parte de pescadores extranjeros en la zona limítrofe de los ríos Curaray y Pintoyacu. De igual forma, la reducción de ciertas especies de peces, identificadas como las principales presas del delfín rosado en la zona por los entrevistados, son dos amenazas graves que pueden comprometer la conservación futura de esta especie.

We have discovered a spectacular new species of frog in the genus Hyloscirtus, belonging to the H. larinopygion species group. The adult female is characterized by a mostly black body with large bright red spots on the dorsal and ventral surface, extremities, and toe pads. The adult male is unknown. Small juveniles are characterized by a yellow body with variable black markings on the flanks; while one larger juvenile displayed irregular orange or yellow marks on a black background color, with light orange or yellow toe pads. Additional distinctive external morphological features such as cloacal ornamentation are described, and some osteological details are imaged and analyzed. The performed phylogeny places the new species as the sister to a clade consisting of ten taxa, all of which are part of the H. larinopygion group. We use genetic distances to fit the new species into a published time-calibrated phylogeny of this group; our analysis based on the published chronology suggests that the divergence of the new species from its known congeners pre-dates the Quaternary period. The new species is currently only known only from Cerro Mayordomo, in Fundación EcoMinga's Machay Reserve, at 2,900 m in the eastern Andes of Tungurahua province, Ecuador, near the southern edge of Los Llanganates National Park, but its real distribution may be larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socio-economic characterization of the production of organic fertilizers is considered as a diagnostic tool to establish possible corrective measures that lead to the improvement of a productive activity. The socio-economic attributes of the producers of organic fertilizers of the Producers Association in the Puyo axis in the Province of Pastaza (Ecuador) were evaluated. For this purpose, a survey was applied in 12 greenhouses belonging to the Association, in which five people were randomly selected for each greenhouse, totalizing 60 partners surveyed in order to detect possible weaknesses and/or strengths present in the production process. The structured questions were referred to social (sex, age composi-tion, culture, predominant language and number of family members) or economic (time dedicated to the compost production, origin of the used supplies, number of sacks produced, sale frequency, equitability in the distribution of resources among the partners, place of commercialization, part of the production destined to self-consumption and part of the profit destined to the satisfaction of basic needs, income for sales concept) parameters. According to the results, the majority of the workers are of advanced age, who dedícate from 25 to 50% of the working day to this activity. On the other hand, there was a clear dependence on productive activity for external inputs, making it a dependent activity, which compromises its sustainability and profitability. Considering these findings, it is suggested to conduct a profitability study in order to establish critical points that can be improved in conjunction with the advice of technical specialists in the área.

We describe a new minimum extent, persistent surface water classification for reaches of four major rivers in the Peruvian Amazon (i.e., Amazon, Napo, Pastaza, Ucayali). These data were generated by the Peruvian Amazon Rural Livelihoods and Poverty (PARLAP) Project which aims to better understand the nexus between livelihoods (e.g., fishing, agriculture, forest use, trade), poverty, and conservation in the Peruvian Amazon over a 35,000 km river network. Previous surface water datasets do not adequately capture the temporal changes in the course of the rivers, nor discriminate between primary main channel and non-main channel (e.g., oxbow lakes) water. We generated the surface water classifications in Google Earth Engine from Landsat TM 5, 7 ETM+, and 8 OLI satellite imagery for time periods from circa 1989, 2000, and 2015 using a hierarchical logical binary classification predominantly based on a modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) and shortwave infrared surface reflectance. We included surface reflectance in the blue band and brightness temperature to minimize misclassification. High accuracies were achieved for all time periods (>90%).

Tabernaemontana sananho is a tree member of the Apocynaceae family referred to as sikta in Kichwa language. It is widely used in northern South America as painkiller, stimulant, antiseptic and is also highly valued as a sacred plant. In this work, we report the traditional knowledge and uses of sikta by the scarcely contacted Kichwa community of Pakayaku (Pastaza province, Ecuador) and further provide a scientific framework for its scientific validation. A review of the available literature revealed the presence of a wealth of biologically active indole alkaloids that potentially account for the great number of medicinal uses of sikta. This case study is illustrative of the importance of scientific validation of traditional knowledge (i) for indigenous communities —as empowering tool—, (ii) for the sake of scientific knowledge and (iii) for plant conservation.

In this paper we present a case study relating to a women association known as Sinzchi Warmi [brave women], in Pastaza province (Ecuador), which offers an account on knowledge, the coexistence of representations and social and cultural changes that have been developing in the pottery practice in the last decades. Some anthropologists that have been working in the region have suggested that the Amazonian kichwas —including its regional differences such as those between the Pastaza and Napo kichwas, for example— have the capacity to assimilate the social and cultural differences from others within their own culture. Our case aims to reveal more than assimilation, the social and cultural values coexistence —with conflicts—, which is expressed in various nationalities that share the same kichwa soil keeping values with their social norms. As a case study, it constitutes an important contribution in terms of underlying the intercultural relations and the degree of impact produced by diverse change forces such as the social policies addressed by the regional State and by other institutions such as the Church and religious cults.

The Ecuadorian Amazon region is one of the areas characterized by the greatest biodiversity worldwide. The ecosystems from the area provide many benefits to the local communities in the form of goods and services. Despite the predominance of native forests in the Pastaza Province, a deforestation rate of 7.7% and changes in land use have been recorded lately due to population growth, the reconfiguration of consumption patterns, an increase in the export of agricultural products, changes in forest legislation, agrarian reforms, and the oil extraction industry. Most likely, these changes will affect the local populations and their interaction with the local landscapes, with the poorest ones being the most affected. For these reasons, this study evaluated the use and importance of ecosystem services in the area from the local inhabitants' perspective by conducting a quantitative survey, followed by spatial scaling. While the findings indicate different importance patterns associated with different types of land uses and potential benefits, the native forests and their associated cultural services were found to be the most important for the locals. This was even more important as the spatial scaling showed the predominance of native forests and their associated services in the area. The results of this study may support a participatory approach in designing local strategies and land use policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New fieldwork in the Pastaza region coupled with the study of museum collections, allow us to describe the Muitzentza tradition. The ceramic materials of this tradition are dominated by bowls and necked jars and tinajas decorated in red and white painting. The decoration consists mainly of white painting on red, or red or white on an unslipped surface. An AMS date indicates an age around the XI-XII centuries A.D. It is likely that Zaparoan speakers, historic occupants of the region, are derived from a Muitzentza background.

We report two cases of parasitism by Riggia Szidat 1948 on freshwater fish of the genera Chaetostoma and Rhamdia from two rivers on the Upper Amazon of Ecuador, in the icthyogeographic areas of Alto Pastaza and Upano-Zamora. Riggia sp. was in both cases inside the abdominal cavity, forming large capsules between the peritoneum and pericardium.

Abstract: Avulsion is the main process at the origin of anastomosing rivers. This study illustrates 3 examples of avulsions resulting from crevasse splays evolving in anastomosed channels along the Rio Pastaza, a tropical humid river sourced in the Ecuadorian Andean Cordillera and flowing into the Amazonian foreland. The Lower Pastaza flows in an alluvial plain, with no tectonic influence and an average monthly rainfall equally distributed throughout the year. Based on the analysis of satellite image recorded over the period 1977–2008, three cases have been studied. The first one began in 1990 with crevassing of natural levees of the right bank of the Pastaza main channel and the formation of a small channel linking up with a pre-existing tributary to this main channel. A splay formed at the confluence beheaded the tributary which became an anabranch of the main river. Downstream, two other avulsions developed from crevasse splays on a low gradient floodplain. In both cases, capture of one of the distributary channels flowing on the splay by a pre-existing drain of the floodplain and consecutive headward erosion arrives to disconnect the other drains and capture their flow into a single-thread channel. As this channel rejoins the Pastaza main channel downstream, this process gives rise to the larger-scale anastomosing system which characterizes the lower reach of the Rio Pastaza. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]