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123 results on '"Pasquini, Rossana"'

5. Primary DNA damage and genetic polymorphisms for CYP1A1, EPHX and GSTM1 in workers at a graphite electrode manufacturing plant

Author

Airoldi Luisa, Muzi Giacomo, Pastorelli Roberta, Villarini Milena, Dell'Omo Marco, Moretti Massimo, and Pasquini Rossana

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The results of a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms (biomarkers of susceptibility) for CYP1A1, EPHX and GSTM1 genes that affect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) activation and detoxification might influence the extent of primary DNA damage (biomarker of biologically effective dose) in PAH exposed workers are presented. PAH-exposure of the study populations was assessed by determining the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHP) in urine samples (biomarker of exposure dose). Methods The exposed group consisted of workers (n = 109) at a graphite electrode manufacturing plant, occupationally exposed to PAH. Urinary 1OHP was measured by HPLC. Primary DNA damage was evaluated by the alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes. Genetic polymorphisms for CYP1A1, EPHX and GSTM1 were determined by PCR or PCR/RFLP analysis. Results 1OHP and primary DNA damage were significantly higher in electrode workers compared to reference subjects. Moreover, categorization of subjects as normal or outlier highlighted an increased genotoxic risk OR = 2.59 (CI95% 1.32–5.05) associated to exposure to PAH. Polymorphisms in EPHX exons 3 and 4 was associated to higher urinary concentrations of 1OHP, whereas none of the genotypes analyzed (CYP1A1, EPHX, and GSTM1) had any significant influence on primary DNA damage as evaluated by the comet assay. Conclusion The outcomes of the present study show that molecular epidemiology approaches (i.e. cross-sectional studies of genotoxicity biomarkers) can play a role in identifying common genetic risk factors, also attempting to associate the effects with measured exposure data. Moreover, categorization of subjects as normal or outlier allowed the evaluation of the association between occupational exposure to PAH and DNA damage highlighting an increased genotoxic risk.

Published
2007
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7. The care of pregnant women and their babies: empirical data from Umbria region

Author

Minelli, Liliana, Pasquini, Rossana, and Chiavarini, Manuela

Subjects
Adult, Evidence-Based Medicine, Cesarean Section, Prenatal Care, Antenatal care, Birth centre, Indicators, Mode of delivery, Delivery, Obstetric, Health Services Accessibility, Young Adult, Italy, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

The promotion of the concept of evidence-based health care in the field of maternity care began in the 1980s; the indicators in this field were devised to enable us to know key components of care for mothers and babies and to relate them to health outcomes.The study is based on data from the Standard Certificate of Live Birth (SCLB) forms of the Umbria region (Italy) during 2012, which merges data from each mother and her baby for a total of 7964 records. We followed the healthcare indicators recommended by World Health Organization for monitoring and evaluating maternal and child health services. We considered number of prenatal medical visits and timing of first antenatal visit such as indicators of Antenal care, and mode of delivery and place of birth by volume of deliveries such as indicators of Intrapartum care in healthcare maternal and child services. Odds ratios were calculated to indicate the likelihood of some individual and social variables across appropriate access to prenatal care.It is present an association between social disadvantage (mothers' educational level and mothers' country of birth) and inappropriate access to prenatal care, low number of prenatal medical visits (below 4) and late timing of first visit (after more than 12 gestational weeks). In Umbria there are 11 place of birth, 9 of I level and 2 of II level. Overall, 29.3% births occurred in 6 maternity units with fewer than 500 births in 2012 (in Italy is 7.3%). The average rate of cesarean section observed in the NTSV sample (Nulliparous, Terminal, Single, Vertex), was 28.2%. This value was higher than expected, especially in this class with an indication for the physiological birth. The World Health Organization recommends that the caesarean section rate should not be higher than 10% to 15%. Moreover there is a wide variability between birth centers (7.2% -41.4%).The use of mother and child prenatal care services was associated with individual characteristics of the mothers from less advantage social classes (i.e., unemployed or poorly educated); cesarean section was higher than expected, especially in the NTSV sample; we foresee an important role for application of indicators that proactively help health-care professionals to deliver the right care at the right time.

Published
2015

26. Genotoxic hazards in road tunnel workers

Author

Pasquini, Rossana, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Fatigoni, Cristina, Scassellati Sforzolini, G, Paoletti, D, Agea, E, Areni, S, Mattioli, A, and Comodi, A. R.

Published
2003

35. In vitro genotoxicity of terbutryn evaluated by the alkaline single-cell microgel-electrophoresis 'comet' assay

Author

Villarini, Milena, SCASSELLATI SFORZOLINI, Giuseppina, Moretti, Massimo, and Pasquini, Rossana

Subjects
Adult, Electrophoresis, Male, Comet assay, primary DNA damage, genotoxicity, metabolic activation, terbutryn, triazine herbicides, Herbicides, Triazines, Rats, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Animals, Humans, Gels, DNA Damage
Abstract

Terbutryn, a s-triazine herbicide, is extensively used in agriculture as a selective pre- and postemergence control agent for most grasses and many annual broadleaf weeds in cereal and legume fields, and under fruit trees. Terbutryn was reported to degrade slowly, with half-lives of 240 and 180 days in pond and river sediment, respectively. The tendency of this herbicide to move from treated soils to water compartments through water runoff and leaching was demonstrated and residual amounts of terbutryn and its metabolites have been found in drinking water, and industrial food products, long after application. Although this herbicide may be regarded as a contaminant of our environment, only limited and inconsistent data exist concerning its genotoxic properties. In this study, the DNA-damaging ability of the herbicide was evaluated in the alkaline single-cell microgel-electrophoresis ("comet") assay by testing terbutryn in the presence of S9mix (rat liver homogenate containing microsomal enzymes plus cofactors) prepared with liver homogenate from both uninduced (basal) and aroclor 1254-induced rats. DNA damage was recorded in freshly isolated human peripheral blood leukocytes. A statistically significant increase in the extent of primary DNA damage, more pronounced in the absence of S9mix, took place only when terbutryn concentrations were high (100 and 150 microg/ml), in the presence of a concomitant mild cytotoxic effect.

Published
2001

38. An epidemiologic survey of celiac disease in the Terni area (Umbria, Italy) in 2002-2010

Author

Angeli, G, Pasquini, Rossana, Panella, Massimiliano, Pelli, MA, Angeli, G, Pasquini, Rossana, Panella, Massimiliano, and Pelli, MA

Abstract

The present work is an epidemiology survey of celiac disease in the province of Terni (Umbria, Italy) in 2002?2010. Data were collected from the Local Health Unit (LHU) 4 (ASL 4), Terni database and were extrapolated from the overall population of 232,540 (as of 2010) by identifying residents with prescription charge exemptions for celiac disease-oriented drugs. Prevalence and incidence analysis over the timeframe being examined showed that prevalence (330 cases in 2010) has consistently been increasing from 2002 to 2010, whereas incidence has remained essentially the same with minor, yearly fluctuations. Both prevalence and incidence were higher in females than in males. Most patients were diagnosed as young adults, with the highest rates in the 10-14, 35-40 and 55-60 age groups. Thus, in the area of investigation, there is evidence for consistent delayed diagnosis, raising the possibility that the atypical form the disease, more difficult to recognize and more likely to escape early diagnosis, may have become increasingly commoner over time. Because the current prevalence of the disease in the Terni area is estimated to approximate 1%, the anticipated number of cases should amount to 2,325, which value contrasts with the currently reported 330 diagnoses. It is suggested that the current illnessdefining criteria should be revised so to implement early diagnosis and improve the patients? quality of life and access to treatment.

Published
2012

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