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A new method for the observation of radioctive biological and abiological substrates by using a diffusion cloud chamber is described.This device has some advantages compared to those employed so far in radiobiology. It permits the naked-eye observation, the photography and the identification of the characteristic of any kind of ionizing particles, regardless of their energies.This diffusion cloud chamber is particularly usefull to study ionizing radiations of low energy.Experiments on vegetal and animal organs, on minerals and fluids have proved to be very satisfactory.Particularly, the presence of the Thorium in the inner organs of a man who died owing to a hepatic sarcoma, after twenty years since he was intravenously inoculated with Thorotrast and the absorption of Uranium salts by « Cicer arietinum » and « Faseolus vulgaris » young small plants, are studied in this work.

Results are exposed of a personal experience on X-rays protection by cysteine-hydrochloride administration during fractioned and protracted radiations. This protection is not similar to that observed in animals subjected to panirradiations with massive and lethal X-rays doses, as concerns both survival and seriousness of the histological lesions in the parenchymatous organs. These are particularly significant in the kidney and liver. A peculiar type of hepatic lesion is described, which is characterized by lobules undergoing total necrosis alternated with others, degenerated but structurally complete. This aspect, which is called « chess-board » necrosis, is ascribed to a different sensitivity of the single lobules, due to a different functional moment. The data obtained point out the high radiosensitivity of the liver and support another observation by one of the Authors on the liver importance in the protective mechanisms against ionizing radiations.