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High-density olive groves, despite their interesting production potential, have several limitations, including their high fruit load and irrigation requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fruit load and deficit irrigation on oil yield, fruit quality, and olive chemical composition in a high-density olive grove (cv Sikitita). Our main hypothesis was that primary metabolism, as influenced by crop load and stress, could modify the accumulation of different phenolic classes. Different fruit loads were generated through flower thinning (66%, 50%, 33%, 0%), and two deficit irrigation treatments (−60%, −75%) were compared to the well-watered control (920 m3/ha). Thinning treatments had a limited effect on oil yield; on the other hand, deficit irrigation caused considerably less oil accumulation in the fruit on all sampling dates. Thinning 66% and deficit irrigation 75% were considered with the control for untargeted metabolomic analysis, including three sampling dates. A total of 233 distinct phenolic compounds were annotated. Multivariate HCA results indicated that harvest time had an impact on the phenolic profile of olive fruits, obtaining two separated clusters that grouped t1 and t2 together and apart from t3, which clustered independently. Regarding agronomic techniques, they played a differential role in the phenolic profile (supervised OPLS-DA). Fruit load mostly affected flavonoid glycosides. In contrast, the phenolic response to deficit irrigation was more heterogeneous, with phenolic acids (35%), flavonoids (25%), LMW, and other phenols (25%).

Abstract The structure of microbial communities arises from a multitude of factors, including the interactions of microorganisms with each other and with the environment. In this work, we sought to disentangle those drivers by performing a cross-study, cross-biome meta-analysis of microbial occurrence data in more than 5000 samples, applying a novel network clustering algorithm aimed to capture conditional taxa co-occurrences. We then examined the phylogenetic and functional composition of the resulting clusters, and searched for global patterns of assembly both at the community level and in the presence/absence of individual metabolic pathways. Our analysis highlighted the prevalence of functional redundancy in microbial communities, particularly between taxa that co-occur in more than one environment, pointing to a relationship between functional redundancy and environmental adaptation. In spite of this, certain pathways were observed in fewer taxa than expected by chance, suggesting the presence of auxotrophy, and presumably cooperation among community members. This hypothetical cooperation may play a role in genome reduction, since we observed a negative relationship between the size of bacterial genomes and the size of the community they belong to. Overall, our results suggest the microbial community assembly is driven by universal principles that operate consistently across different biomes and taxonomic groups.

IntroductionNitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) are involved in several biochemical processes in living organisms, and their limited bioavailability is a strong constraint for plant growth and yield. This work investigated the interplay between Fe and N nutritional pathways in tomato plants kept under N and Fe deficiency and then resupplied with Fe and N (as nitrate, ammonium, or urea) through a physiological, metabolomics and gene expression study. ResultsAfter 24 hours of Fe resupply, the Fe concentration in Fe-deficient roots was dependent on the applied N form (following the pattern: nitrate > urea > ammonium > Fe-deficient control), and whereas in leaves of urea treated plants the Fe concentration was lower in comparison to the other N forms. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinctive modulations of plant metabolism in a treatment-dependent manner. Overall, N-containing metabolites were affected by the treatments in both leaves and roots, while N form significantly shaped the phytohormone profile. Moreover, the simultaneous application of Fe with N to Fe-deficient plants elicited secondary metabolites’ accumulation, such as phenylpropanoids, depending on the applied N form (mainly by urea, followed by nitrate and ammonium). After 4 hours of treatment, ammonium- and urea-treated roots showed a reduction of enzymatic activity of Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FCR), compared to nitrate or N-depleted plants (maintained in Fe deficiency, where FCR was maintained at high levels). The response of nitrate-treated plants leads to the improvement of Fe concentration in tomato roots and the increase of Fe(II) transporter (IRT1) gene expression in tomato roots. ConclusionsOur results strengthen and improve the understanding about the interaction between N and Fe nutritional pathways, thinning the current knowledge gap.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la proporción de personas en las que se realiza el seguimiento al alta estando indicado.Diseño Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo, con enfoque analítico. Población: Personas dadas de alta en el Hospital Universitario de la Princesa de cualquier edad y sexo, con cualquier motivo de ingreso y con indicación de seguimiento al alta en Atención Primaria (AP). Se excluyeron los usuarios que no tenían Código de Identificación Personal Autonómico (CIPA) asignado. Muestra aleatoria (n = 289). Mediciones principales: Realización del seguimiento al alta y reingresos (< 30 días). Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y relacionadas con el seguimiento al alta recogidas de las Historias clínicas electrónicas de AP y Hospitalaria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la población de estudio y para analizar la asociación entre el seguimiento al alta y los reingresos se realizó un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Edad de 72,4 años (rango intercuartílico [RIQ] 60-87). El 55,2% de la población fueron mujeres. Se realizó seguimiento en un 61,2% de las personas que tenían indicación. Según el modelo de regresión logística realizado entre el reingreso temprano y el seguimiento al alta, ajustado por el resto de los factores, el grupo con seguimiento al alta tenía un 66% menos de posibilidades de reingreso hospitalario (Odds Ratio [OR] 0,34, intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% [0,18-0,67]). Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que el seguimiento al alta de Enfermería realizado en AP reduce el riesgo de reingresos tempranos. Abstract: Aim: To determine the proportion of people who undergo discharge follow-up when indicated. Design: Retrospective longitudinal observational study, with an analytical approach. Population: persons discharged from the Hospital Universitario de la Princesa of any age and sex, with any reason for admission and with an indication for discharge follow-up in Primary Care. Users who did not have an assigned Autonomous Personal Identification Code (CIPA) were excluded. Random sample (n = 289). Variables: Discharge follow-up and readmissions (

El presente artículo expone, desde el enfoque de la geografía electoral, un análisis sobre la participación electoral y las preferencias electorales de los municipios de Oaxaca donde se eligen autoridades por usos y costumbres, tomando como referencia las elecciones para gobernador desde 1998 hasta 2022. El objetivo es exponer el sentido del voto entre los habitantes de estos espacios durante las elecciones. La investigación es un estudio comparado de corte cuantitativo que parte del análisis de las bases de datos de los resultados electorales. Concluyendo que aun cuando la participación electoral no ha incrementado, lo que sí ha cambiado son las preferencias electorales permitiendo una mayor competencia política dentro de estos espacios.

Carotenoids, known for their antioxidant properties, have garnered significant attention for their potential antitumour activities. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the diverse mechanisms by which carotenoids exert antitumour effects, focusing on both well-established and novel findings. We explore their role in inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell cycle progression and preventing metastasis by affecting oncogenic and tumour suppressor proteins. The review also explores the pro-oxidant function of carotenoids within cancer cells. In fact, although their overall contribution to cellular antioxidant defences is well known and significant, some carotenoids can exhibit pro-oxidant effects under certain conditions and are able to elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in tumoural cells, triggering mitochondrial pathways that would lead to cell death. The final balance between their antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities depends on several factors, including the specific carotenoid, its concentration and the redox environment of the cell. Clinical trials are discussed, highlighting the conflicting results of carotenoids in cancer treatment and the importance of personalized approaches. Emerging research on rare carotenoids like bacterioruberin showcases their superior antioxidant capacity and selective cytotoxicity against aggressive cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer. Future directions include innovative delivery systems, novel combinations and personalized treatments, aiming to enhance the therapeutic potential of carotenoids. This review highlights the promising yet complex landscape of carotenoid-based cancer therapies, calling for continued research and clinical exploration.

There is relevant interest concerning beehives, taking into account climate change and its influence on bees’ behavior. A part of the industrial engineering sector is focusing on beekeeping applications. More specifically, the present study aims to develop a trailer for the transport of beehives adapted to be placed or fixed to a tractor or a vehicle trailer, with the objective of transporting the beehives safely and stably during transhumance. The proposed novel design relates to a trailer that incorporates a device for housing a rectangular section of the beehives, which can be adapted for fixing or housing in a vehicle or in a vehicle trailer. The device comprises a lower support structure, adapted to support a plurality of rectangular sections of beehives stacked horizontally on the lower structure, an upper frame adapted to house the beehives inside, and two or more connecting elements between the lower structure and the upper frame. The connection of the trailer with the device facilitates the loading and unloading of the beehives by mechanical means. The different parts have been designed as individual pieces and then assembly is carried out to achieve the complete design. This method of implementation is because the simulation of individual components is simpler and easier, since if it is carried out through assembly, the type of joint, such as welding, and the length of the weld would have to be indicated at each point of contact between components, along with its thickness and all the necessary parameters. Therefore, in those welding points, fixed fastenings are indicated and so will simplify it. In accordance with the individual creation of each part, its own load simulation has been carried out. Static analyses are performed taking into account structural elements of this proposed design, with restrictions and loads being established. The analysis, including upper bars and supports, has been completed with several situations. Based on stress values, deformations have been determined and calculations evaluated. The trays have been manufactured using flat steel bars and angled bars for the legs and support of the hives.

Sargassum muticum (SM) poses a serious environmental issue since it is a fast-expanding invasive species occupying key areas of the European shoreline, disrupting the autochthonous algae species, and disturbing the ecosystem. This problem has concerned the general population and the scientific community. Nevertheless, as macroalgae are recognized as a source of bioactive molecules, the abundance of SM presents an opportunity as a raw material. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied as a tool for the optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from SM by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Five different parameters were used as target functions: yield, total phenolic content (TPC); and the antioxidant measurements of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching (BC). After the optimal extraction conditions were determined (time = 14.00 min; pressure = 11.03 bar; ethanol = 33.31%), the chemical composition and bioactivity of the optimum extract was evaluated to appraise its antioxidant capability to scavenge reactive species and as a potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferation, and neuroprotective agent. The results lead to the conclusion that MAE crude extract has bioactive properties, being especially active as an antiproliferation agent and as a nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenger.

Continuous variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation has the potential to provide information-theoretic security using widely available optical elements and existing telecom infrastructure. While their implementation is significantly simpler than that for protocols based on Gaussian modulation, proving their finite-size security against coherent attacks poses a challenge. In this work we prove finite-size security against coherent attacks for a discrete-modulated quantum key distribution protocol involving four coherent states and heterodyne detection. To do so, and contrary to most of the existing schemes, we first discretize all the continuous variables generated during the protocol. This allows us to use the entropy accumulation theorem, a tool that has previously been used in the setting of discrete variables, to construct the finite-size security proof. We then compute the corresponding finite-key rates through semi-definite programming and under a photon-number cutoff. Our analysis provides asymptotic rates in the range of $0.1-10^{-4}$ bits per round for distances up to hundred kilometres, while in the finite case and for realistic parameters, we get of the order of $10$ Gbits of secret key after $n\sim10^{11}$ rounds and distances of few tens of kilometres.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing the evidence concerning circulating asprosin, and related endocrine and metabolites in women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Method: We performed a comprehensive literature search in Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies published until May 20, 2022, that evaluated circulating asprosin levels in women with and without PCOS, regardless of language. The quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used to estimate mean differences (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: We evaluated eight studies reporting 1,050 PCOS cases and 796 controls of reproductive age. Participants with PCOS were younger (MD = −2.40 years, 95% CI −2.46 to −2.33), with higher values of asprosin (SMD = 2.57, 95% CI 1.64–3.50), insulin (SMD = 2.73, 95% CI 1.18–4.28), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD = 2.70, 95% CI 0.85–4.55), luteinizing hormone (SMD = 2.33, 95% CI 0.60–4.06), total testosterone (SMD = 4.06, 95% CI 1.89–6.22), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (SMD = 2.38, 95% CI 0.37–4.40), and triglycerides (SMD = 1.20, 95% CI 0.13 to 2.27). Moreover, PCOS women had lower circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SMD = −3.36, 95% CI −4.92 to −1.80), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = −0.85, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.01); with no significant differences observed for glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels.Conclusion: Circulating asprosin levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS as compared to those without the syndrome.

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente que asocia tres trastornos de sueño diferentes: narcolepsia, apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) y trastorno de conducta del sueño REM. El objetivo es resaltar la importancia de la narcolepsia, una patología infradiagnosticada y que a veces puede quedar enmascarada por otros trastornos de sueño. En este caso, el paciente es diagnosticado inicialmente de AOS, pero dado que persiste con hipersomnolencia diurna debemos descartar otras causas.

El síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé es una entidad clínica rara, de herencia autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas tipo fibrofoliculomas, quistes pulmonares de predominio basal y un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer renal. En nuestro caso describimos una paciente de 53 años que acude a la consulta de dermatología por una lesión nasal, siendo finalmente diagnosticada de Birt-Hogg-Dubé.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (DOF) without proper evaluation can be underdiagnosed in certain groups of the pediatricpopulation. Meeting the needs of these patients can lead to an overload of their caregivers. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients evaluated after starting a monographic DOF clinic (C-DOF) and study whether there are changes at the nutritional level, as well as the burden and impact that caregivers find on quality of life related to health (HRQL). Material and methods: Descriptive observational study of patients evaluated in a C-DOF from its start-up. To evaluate HRQoL, an ad hoc survey adapted from the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire of the adult population was designed. Results: 103 patients were evaluated, 85.4% presenting some neurological disease. A videofluoroscopic study was performed in 51 patients (49.5%), reporting combined alterations in both the oral and pharyngeal phases in 64.7% of them. There was a directly proportional correlation between the severity of the DOF and the presence of aspirations, as well as with the patient's motor impairment. Regarding the anthropometric evaluation, there was a trend towards improvement in weight z-score (+0.14 SD), height (+0.17 SD) and BMI (+0.16 SD). Out of 46.2% of the caregivers reported that the DOF problem interfered negatively in the basic activities of daily life. The increase in HRQOL, after the evaluation in the monographic DOF clinic, was statistically significant overall. Conclusions: The monographic DOF clinic provided specialized care, impacting positively at the nutritional status of patients, as well as perceived changes in HRQOL, with a probable impact on caregivers. Resumen: Introducción: La disfagia orofaríngea (DOF) puede resultar infradiagnosticada en determinados grupos de población pediátrica. Atender las necesidades de estos pacientes puede derivar en una sobrecarga de sus cuidadores. Objetivos: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes evaluados tras la creación de una consulta monográfica de DOF (C-DOF), estudiar cambios a nivel nutricional, así como la repercusión en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los cuidadores. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes evaluados en una C-DOF desde su puesta en marcha. Para evaluar la CVRS, se diseña una encuesta ad hoc adaptada del Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire de población adulta. Resultados: Se evaluaron 103 pacientes (85,4% con patología neurológica de base). Se realizó estudio videofluoroscópico a 51 pacientes (49,5%), reportando alteraciones combinadas de fase oral y faríngea un 64,7%. Existió una correlación directamente proporcional entre la gravedad de la DOF y la presencia de aspiraciones, así como con la afectación motora del paciente. En cuanto a la evaluación antropométrica, se observó mejoría en z-score de peso (+0,14 DE), de talla (+ 0,17 DE) y de IMC (+ 0,16 DE). El 46,2% de los cuidadores refirieron que la DOF interfiere negativamente en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El incremento en calidad de vida, tras la evaluación en la C-DOF, de forma global resultó estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La C-DOF proporciona una atención especializada, repercute positivamente en el estado nutricional de los pacientes, así como en los cambios percibidos en la CVRS, con probable impacto en los cuidadores.

Resumen: Introducción: La disfagia orofaríngea (DOF) puede resultar infradiagnosticada en determinados grupos de población pediátrica. Atender las necesidades de estos pacientes puede derivar en una sobrecarga de sus cuidadores. Objetivos: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes evaluados tras la creación de una consulta monográfica de DOF (C-DOF), estudiar cambios a nivel nutricional, así como la repercusión en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los cuidadores. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes evaluados en una C-DOF desde su puesta en marcha. Para evaluar la CVRS, se diseña una encuesta ad hoc adaptada del Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire de población adulta. Resultados: Se evaluaron 103 pacientes (85,4% con patología neurológica de base). Se realizó estudio videofluoroscópico a 51 pacientes (49,5%), reportando alteraciones combinadas de fases oral y faríngea un 64,7%. Existió una correlación directamente proporcional entre la gravedad de la DOF y la presencia de aspiraciones, así como con la afectación motora del paciente. En cuanto a la evaluación antropométrica, se observó mejoría en z-score de peso (+0,14 DE), de talla (+0,17 DE) y de IMC (+0,16 DE). El 46,2% de los cuidadores refirieron que la DOF interfiere negativamente en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El incremento en calidad de vida, tras la evaluación en la C-DOF, de forma global resultó estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La C-DOF proporciona una atención especializada, repercute positivamente en el estado nutricional de los pacientes, así como en los cambios percibidos en la CVRS, con probable impacto en los cuidadores. Abstract: Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (DOF) without proper evaluation can be underdiagnosed in certain groups of the pediatric population. Meeting the needs of these patients can lead to an overload of their caregivers. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients evaluated after starting a monographic DOF clinic (C-DOF) and study whether there are changes at the nutritional level, as well as the burden and impact that caregivers find on quality of life related to health (HRQOL). Material and methods: Descriptive observational study of patients evaluated in a C-DOF from its start-up. To evaluate HRQOL, an ad hoc survey adapted from the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire of the adult population was designed. Results: 103 patients were evaluated, 85.4% presenting some neurological disease. A videofluoroscopic study was performed in 51 patients (49.5%), reporting combined alterations in both the oral and pharyngeal phases in 64.7% of them. There was a directly proportional correlation between the severity of the DOF and the presence of aspirations, as well as with the patient's motor impairment. Regarding the anthropometric evaluation, there was a trend toward improvement in weight z-score (+0.14 SD), height (+0.17 SD) and BMI (+0.16 SD). Out of 46.2% of the caregivers reported that the DOF problem interfered negatively in the basic activities of daily life. The increase in HRQOL, after the evaluation in the monographic DOF clinic, was statistically significant overall. Conclusions: The monographic DOF clinic provided specialized care, impacting positively at the nutritional status of patients, as well as perceived changes in HRQOL, with a probable impact on caregivers.

In this paper we report an acid-modulated strategy for novel peptide microarray production on biosensor interfaces. We initially selected a controlled pore glass (CPG) as a support for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to implement a chemistry that can be performed at the interface of multiple field effect transistor (FET) sensors, eventually to generate label-free peptide microarrays for protein screening. Our chemistry uses a temporary protection of the N-terminal amino function of each amino acid building block with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group that can be removed after each SPPS cycle, in combination with semi-permanent protection of the side chains of trifunctional amino acid residues. Such a protection scheme with a well-proven record of application in conventional, batchwise SPPS has been fine-tuned for optimal performance on CPG and, from there, translated to SPR chips that allow layer-by-layer monitoring of amino acid coupling. Our results validate this acid-modulated synthesis as a feasible approach for producing peptides in high yields and purity on flat glass surfaces, such as those in bio-FETs.

Novel approaches to the characterization of medicinal plants as biofactories have lately increased in the field of biotechnology. In this work, a multifaceted approach based on plant tissue culture, metabolomics, and machine learning was applied to decipher and further characterize the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds by eliciting cell suspension cultures from medicinal plants belonging to the Bryophyllum subgenus. The application of untargeted metabolomics provided a total of 460 phenolic compounds. The biosynthesis of 164 of them was significantly modulated by elicitation. The application of neurofuzzy logic as a machine learning tool allowed for deciphering the critical factors involved in the response to elicitation, predicting their influence and interactions on plant cell growth and the biosynthesis of several polyphenols subfamilies. The results indicate that salicylic acid plays a definitive genotype-dependent role in the elicitation of Bryophyllum cell cultures, while methyl jasmonate was revealed as a secondary factor. The knowledge provided by this approach opens a wide perspective on the research of medicinal plants and facilitates their biotechnological exploitation as biofactories in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields.

Abstract In this comment, we analyse the conceptual framework proposed by Aguirre de Cárcer (Microbiome 7:142, 2019), introducing the novel concept of Phylogenetic Core Groups (PCGs). This notion aims to complement the traditional classification in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), widely used in microbial ecology, to provide a more intrinsic taxonomical classification which avoids the use of pre-determined thresholds. However, to introduce this concept, the author frames his proposal in a wider theoretical framework based on a conceptualization of selection that we argue is a tautology. This blurs the subsequent formulation of an assembly principle for microbial communities, favouring that some contradictory examples introduced to support the framework appear aligned in their conclusions. And more importantly, under this framework and its derived methodology, it is not possible to infer PCGs from data in a consistent way. We reanalyse the proposal to identify its logical and methodological flaws and, through the analysis of synthetic scenarios, we propose a number of methodological refinements to contribute towards the determination of PCGs in a consistent way. We hope our analysis will promote the exploration of PCGs as a potentially valuable tool, helping to bridge the gap between environmental conditions and community composition in microbial ecology. Video Abstract

Particulate organic matter (POM) in the ocean sustains diverse communities of bacteria that mediate the remineralization of organic complex matter. However, the variability of these particles and of the environmental conditions surrounding them present a challenge to the study of the ecological processes shaping particle-associated communities and their function. In this work, we utilize data from experiments in which coastal water communities are grown on synthetic particles to ask which are the most important ecological drivers of their assembly and associated traits. Combining 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with shotgun metagenomics, together with an analysis of the full genomes of a subset of isolated strains, we were able to identify two-to-three distinct community classes, corresponding to early vs. late colonizers. We show that these classes are shaped by environmental selection (early colonizers) and facilitation (late colonizers) and find distinctive traits associated with each class. While early colonizers have a larger proportion of genes related to the uptake of nutrients, motility, and environmental sensing with few pathways enriched for metabolism, late colonizers devote a higher proportion of genes for metabolism, comprising a wide array of different pathways including the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and xenobiotics. Analysis of selected pathways suggests the existence of a trophic-chain topology connecting both classes for nitrogen metabolism, potential exchange of branched chain amino acids for late colonizers, and differences in bacterial doubling times throughout the succession. The interpretation of these traits suggests a distinction between early and late colonizers analogous to other classifications found in the literature, and we discuss connections with the classical distinction between r- and K-strategists.

En las últimas cuatro décadas, la migración internacional de mexicanos a Estados Unidos se convirtió en una válvula de escape a los problemas económicos, sin que el Gobierno mexicano manifestase preocupación por el diseño de políticas públicas de desarrollo económico, migración y derechos humanos que incidan en las causas estructurales de los flujos migratorios. Las políticas sobre migración fueron parciales, reactivas y tardías, y forman parte de las políticas de seguridad del Estado mexicano. Estas no consideraron la causa estructural de las mismas, ni los derechos humanos de todos los migrantes que salían, llegaban, pasaban y retornaban a México. Ante este panorama, el nuevo Gobierno mexicano enfrenta el doble reto de construir y aplicar una nueva estrategia de desarrollo nacional, soberana, con empleo, equidad y seguridad humana para todos y, al mismo tiempo, la necesidad de incluir una política de Estado que involucre el desarrollo integral, la migración y los derechos humanos, la cual contemple las siete dimensiones migratorias del país como espacio de origen, tránsito, destino, retorno, desplazamientos, asilo y refugio. Asimismo, que integre la migración proveniente de Centroamérica como parte importante de la misma, en razón de la trascendencia creciente que tiene ya en varias de esas dimensiones en los diferentes flujos poblacionales del país.

Metagenome approaches can unravel relationships between environment, community composition, and ecological functions. Here, the authors show that bacterial communities sampled from rainwater pools can be clustered into few classes with distinct functional capacities and genetic repertoires, the assembly of which is likely driven by local conditions.

A multi-omics approach was adopted to investigate the impact of lactic acid fermentation and seed germination on the composition and physicochemical properties of rye doughs. Doughs were prepared with either native or germinated rye flour and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, combined or not with a sourdough starter including Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa and Weissella cibaria. LAB fermentation significantly increased total titrable acidity and dough rise regardless of the flour used. Targeted metagenomics revealed a strong impact of germination on the bacterial community profile of sprouted rye flour. Doughs made with germinated rye displayed higher levels of Latilactobacillus curvatus, while native rye doughs were associated with higher proportions of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum. The oligosaccharide profile of rye doughs indicated a lower carbohydrate content in native doughs as compared to the sprouted counterparts. Mixed fermentation promoted a consistent decrease in both monosaccharides and low-polymerization degree (PD)-oligosaccharides, but not in high-PD carbohydrates. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that native and germinated rye doughs differed in the relative abundance of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and phospholipids. Sourdough fermentation promoted the accumulation of terpenoids, phenolic compounds and proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids. Present findings offer an integrated perspective on rye dough as a multi-constituent system and on cereal-sourced bioactive compounds potentially affecting the functional properties of derived food products.

Common garden experiments that inoculate a standardised growth medium with synthetic microbial communities (i.e. constructed from individual isolates or using dilution cultures) suggest that the ability of the community to resist invasions by additional microbial taxa can be predicted by the overall community productivity (broadly defined as cumulative cell density and/or growth rate). However, to the best of our knowledge, no common garden study has yet investigated the relationship between microbial community composition and invasion resistance in microcosms whose compositional differences reflect natural, rather than laboratory-designed, variation. We conducted experimental invasions of two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida) into laboratory microcosms inoculated with 680 different mixtures of bacteria derived from naturally occurring microbial communities collected in the field. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterise microcosm starting composition, and high-throughput assays of community phenotypes including productivity and invader survival, we determined that productivity is a key predictor of invasion resistance in natural microbial communities, substantially mediating the effect of composition on invasion resistance. The results suggest that similar general principles govern invasion in artificial and natural communities, and that factors affecting resident community productivity should be a focal point for future microbial invasion experiments.

Bryophyllum constitutes a subgenus of succulent plants that have been widely employed worldwide in traditional medicine. Micropropagation is required to optimize their growth and reproduction for biotechnological purposes. The mineral composition of culture media is usually an underestimated factor in the design of the in vitro culture protocols of medicinal plants. Universal and highly cited media mineral formulations, such as the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, are generally employed in plant tissue culture studies, although they cause physiological disorders due to their imbalanced mineral composition. In this work, neurofuzzy logic is proposed as a machine-learning-based tool to decipher the key factors (genotype, number of subcultures, and macronutrients) that are involved in the establishment of the Bryophyllum sp. in vitro culture. The results show that genotype played a key role, as it impacts both vegetative growth and asexual reproduction in all of the species that were studied. In addition, ammonium was identified as a significant factor, as concentrations above 15 mM promote a negative effect on vegetative growth and reproduction. These findings should be considered as the starting point for optimizing the establishment of the in vitro culture of Bryophyllum species, with large-scale applications as biofactories of health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols and bufadienolides.

El desarrollo desde sus orígenes después del discurso del presidente H.Truman en 1949 hasta principios del siglo XXI, como concepto e idea ha sido y es perseguido y añorado por los países del sur económico y en vías de desarrollo, sobreutilizada por policymakers y académicos, sobreestimada por instituciones internacionales y locales; noción utilizada indiscriminadamente por universidades, gobiernos locales e instituciones. El desarrollo entendido por algunos como proceso social, económico, político, social. Abstracción compleja, polisémica y relativa, interpre-tado y mal interpretado por muchos. El presente documento pretende mostrar las deficiencias de un concepto en boga. Primero, diseccionamos desde la decolonialidad del poder y el saber el concepto del desarrollo como un significante vacío, y como herramienta discursiva y axiomática útil para las instituciones internacionales y países eurocentricos. Después, analizamos el desarrollo como agencia y proceso dentro de un sistema de producción económico. Finalmente a manera de conclusión, esbozamos de manera sucinta la propuesta del postdesarrollo como ruptura y alternativa al desarrollo.

Estamos, ante el inicio de una nueva era, donde la pandemia nos ha puesto a reflexionar y replantear nuestra vida, y, por ende, cómo queremos vivir. Ha trastocado en menor o mayor medida a políticos, académicos, estudiantes y la sociedad en general, haciéndonos reflexionar sobre el convivir, el aislamiento, el trabajo y también el desarrollo y crecimiento económico. Ha desnuda-do a los países mostrando su vulnerabilidad y la fragilidad o fortaleza de sus instituciones.

The article focuses on the description of an interdisciplinary intervention carried out within the framework of the arrest in 2020 of a woman accused of the murder of her newborn daughter, in a home delivery in 2005. The disciplinary framework of the intervention is the area of legal anthropology, in which it is about thinking about how the legal system should act in order to be able to resolve conflicts in situations of cultural inequalities, both material and symbolic. Those of us who participate belong to the historical / anthropological fields and the law and together we try to address the conflict in search of modifying the criminal situation the protagonist of this story who also participates in this article sharing her testimony. The methodological perspectives that articulate the work are within the universe of ethno-qualitative strategies, in which participant observation and ethnographic interviews are the main input of this cut.

LIF is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and has critical functions in embryonic development. Here, the authors show that LIF regulates CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration in cancer by repressing CXCL19 and promoting the presence of protumoral macrophages and thatLIF inhibition, via neutralizing antibodies, promotes T cell infiltration and synergizes with immune checkpoint inhbitors resulting in tumor regression and immunological memory.

Introduction: The prevalence of menopausal women with confirmed vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) oscillates between 67–98%. Aim: To assess the prevalence of postmenopausal women with VVA confirmed by gynecologic clinical assessment among all women attending menopause centers in Spain, as well as to describe the impact of VVA on quality of life and sexual functioning. Methods: Women aged 45–75 years old with the last menstrual period >12 months before were included in a cross-sectional study. Main Outcome Measures: Women with ≥1 VVA symptoms filled out a number of questionnaires, including EuroQoL, Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging, Female Sexual Function Index, and Female Sexual Distress Scale-revised. A gynecologic examination was performed to confirm diagnosis. Results: 1,177 evaluable patients were included. VVA was confirmed in 87.3% of the patients. Almost 80% of women who acknowledged being sexually active (n = 717) presented pain during intercourse. As compared with patients without confirmed VVA (n = 66), patients with confirmed VVA (n = 1,028) were significantly older (P < .0001), had lower rates of sexual activity (P < .05), and used more VVA treatments (P < .05). Severe vaginal atrophy and severe vulvar atrophy were more prevalent in VVA-confirmed women (P < .0001, in both cases). No differences regarding the confirmation of VVA were observed for EuroQoL and Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging quality-of-life questionnaires. Sexual function measured through the Female Sexual Function Index score was significantly reduced in sexually-active patients with confirmed VVA (P < .05). Conclusion: VVA signs and symptoms are highly prevalent in Spanish postmenopausal women. Confirmation of VVA diagnosis was associated with impaired sexual function. The early recognition of VVA symptoms should be actively promoted in medical practice, instead of waiting until signs appear to exclude other reasons for VVA and to manage treatment effectively.Palacios S, González SP, Fernández-Abellán M, et al. Impact of Vulvovaginal Atrophy of Menopause in Spanish Women: Prevalence and Symptoms According to the EVES Study. Sex Med 2019;7:207–216. Key Words: Vulvovaginal Atrophy, Prevalence, Menopause, EQ5D3L, DIVA, Gynecologic Exam

Resumen: Esta investigación pretende examinar la dinámica de la desigualdad del ingreso del trabajo al interior de dos territorios con características económicas y sociales estructuralmente diferentes: Ecuador y Estados Unidos. Como medidas de desigualdad se contempla el coeficiente de Gini y el índice de Palma; la selección de las mismas atribuye a presentar un análisis de la realidad de las disparidades en la distribución del ingreso desde una perspectiva de las variaciones del punto medio de la distribución (Gini) y lo que experimentan los polos de la misma (Palma). Entre los principales resultados se destaca una tendencia decreciente de la desigualdad en Ecuador y, en Estados Unidos una tendencia al alza de las disparidades de ingreso. Dentro de los factores que podrían explicar esta tendencia en Ecuador, se identifican la dependencia de esta economía a los precios de las materias primas, las políticas redistributivas impulsadas por un gobierno izquierdista –aumento del gasto público en educación, salud, bienestar social– y aumento del empleo público. En contraste, en EEUU la declinación sindical, la desindustrialización y deslocalización, el neoliberalismo, el cambio tecnológico, la educación y la financiarización, se consideran como determinantes del aumento de la desigualdad en esta economía. Palabras clave: desigualdad; ingresos; distribución; Ecuador; Estados Unidos. Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a dinâmica da desigualdade de renda do trabalho dentro de dois territórios com características económicas e sociais estruturalmente diferentes: o Equador e os Estados Unidos. Como medidas de desigualdade e o índice de Gini Palma é contemplada; a seleção desses atributos para fornecer uma análise da realidade das disparidades na distribuição de renda a partir da perspectiva das variações do ponto médio da distribuição (Gini) e enfrentando os mesmos pólos (Palma). Entre os principais resultados de uma tendência de queda da desigualdade no Equador e nos Estados Unidos uma tendência ascendente das disparidades de rendimento destacado. Entre os fatores que poderiam explicar esta tendência, no Equador, a dependência da economia identificar os preços das matérias-primas, políticas redistributivas promovidas por um governo de esquerda -Aumento do gasto público em educação, saúde, assistência social e aumento emprego público. Em contraste, nos EUA o declínio união, desindustrialização e offshoring, o neoliberalismo, a mudança tecnológica, educação e financeirização são considerados como determinantes do aumento das desigualdades nesta economia. Palavras-chave: desigualdade; renda; distribuição; Equador; Estados Unidos. Abstract: This research examine the dynamics of labor income inequality within two territories with structurally different economic and social characteristics: Ecuador and the United States. We consider as measures of inequality the Gini coefficient and the Palma index, the measurements selected presents a view of inequality from a perspective of the variations of the midpoint of distribution (Gini) and the changes of poles of the same (Palma). After estimations, we identified a decreasing trend of inequality in Ecuador, and in United States an upward trend in income disparities. Among the factors that could explain this trend in Ecuador are the dependence of this economy on the commodities prices, the redistributive policies promoted by a leftist government -increase in public spending on education, health and social welfare- and increase of public employment. In contrast, in US we consider as determinants of increasing inequality: unions in decline, deindustrialization and delocalization, neoliberalism, technological change, education and financialization. Key words: inequality; income; distribution; Ecuador; United States.

Label-free field-effect transistor-based immunosensors are promising candidates for proteomics and peptidomics-based diagnostics and therapeutics due to their high multiplexing capability, fast response time, and ability to increase the sensor sensitivity due to the short length of peptides. In this work, planar junctionless field-effect transistor sensors (FETs) were fabricated and characterized for pH sensing. The device with SiO2 gate oxide has shown voltage sensitivity of 41.8 ± 1.4, 39.9 ± 1.4, 39.0 ± 1.1, and 37.6 ± 1.0 mV/pH for constant drain currents of 5, 10, 20, and 50 nA, respectively, with a drain to source voltage of 0.05 V. The drift analysis shows a stability over time of −18 nA/h (pH 7.75), −3.5 nA/h (pH 6.84), −0.5 nA/h (pH 4.91), 0.5 nA/h (pH 3.43), corresponding to a pH drift of −0.45, −0.09, −0.01, and 0.01 per h. Theoretical modeling and simulation resulted in a mean value of the surface states of 3.8 × 1015/cm2 with a standard deviation of 3.6 × 1015/cm2. We have experimentally verified the number of surface sites due to APTES, peptide, and protein immobilization, which is in line with the theoretical calculations for FETs to be used for detecting peptide-protein interactions for future applications.

Plant nutrition is a crucial factor that is usually underestimated when designing plant in vitro culture protocols of unexploited plants. As a complex multifactorial process, the study of nutritional imbalances requires the use of time-consuming experimental designs and appropriate statistical and multiple regression analysis for the determination of critical parameters, whose results may be difficult to interpret when the number of variables is large. The use of machine learning (ML) supposes a cutting-edge approach to investigate multifactorial processes, with the aim of detecting non-linear relationships and critical factors affecting a determined response and their concealed interactions. Thus, in this work we applied artificial neural networks coupled to fuzzy logic, known as neurofuzzy logic, to determine the critical factors affecting the mineral nutrition of medicinal plants belonging to Bryophyllum subgenus cultured in vitro. The application of neurofuzzy logic algorithms facilitate the interpretation of the results, as the technology is able to generate useful and understandable “IF-THEN” rules, that provide information about the factor(s) involved in a certain response. In this sense, ammonium, sulfate, molybdenum, copper and sodium were the most important nutrients that explain the variation in the in vitro culture establishment of the medicinal plants in a species-dependent manner. Thus, our results indicate that Bryophyllum spp. display a fine-tuning regulation of mineral nutrition, that was reported for the first time under in vitro conditions. Overall, neurofuzzy model was able to predict and identify masked interactions among such factors, providing a source of knowledge (helpful information) from the experimental data (non-informative per se), in order to make the exploitation and valorization of medicinal plants with high phytochemical potential easier.

The assembly of specific neuronal circuits relies on the expression of complementary molecular programs in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. In the cerebral cortex, the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 is critical for the wiring of specific populations of GABAergic interneurons, in which it paradoxically regulates both the formation of inhibitory synapses as well as the development of excitatory synapses received by these cells. Here, we found that Nrg1 and Nrg3, two members of the neuregulin family of trophic factors, regulate the inhibitory outputs and excitatory inputs of interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex, respectively. The differential role of Nrg1 and Nrg3 in this process is not due to their receptor-binding EGF-like domain, but rather to their distinctive subcellular localization within pyramidal cells. Our study reveals a novel strategy for the assembly of cortical circuits that involves the differential subcellular sorting of family-related synaptic proteins.

Estamos, ante el inicio de una nueva era, donde la pandemia nos ha puesto a reflexionar y replantear nuestra vida, y, por ende, cómo queremos vivir. Ha trastocado en menor o mayor medida a políticos, académicos, estudiantes y la sociedad en general, haciéndonos reflexionar sobre el convivir, el aislamiento, el trabajo y también el desarrollo y crecimiento económico. Ha desnuda-do a los países mostrando su vulnerabilidad y la fragilidad o fortaleza de sus instituciones.

Background: Vulvar and vaginal cancers are considered rare cancers in women. Human Papillomavirus is responsible for 30–76% of them. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of hospital admissions by malignant neoplasia (MN) and in situ carcinoma (ISC) of vulva and vagina from 2009 to 2013, in Spain Methods: This observational, descriptive study used discharge information obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data, Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, CMBD, provided by the Ministry of Health. Results: From 2009–2013, we found 9,896 hospitalizations coded as MN or ISC of vulva and vagina. Mean age of hospitalization was 69.94 ± 15.16 years; average length of hospital stay (ALOS) was 10.02 ± 12.40 days, and mean hospitalization costs were 5,140.31 ± 3,220.61 euros. Mean hospitalization rate was 9.874 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 9.689–10.058); mean mortality rate was 0.932 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 0.872–0.991) and mean case fatality rate was 9.438% (95% CI: 8.862–10.014). Conclusion: MN and ISC of vulva and vagina are responsible for a considerable hospitalization burden. Information about these hospitalizations could be useful for cost effectiveness analysis and monitoring of HPV vaccination effectiveness. Keywords: HPV, Vulva, Vagina, Malignant neoplasia, Hospitalizations, Carcinoma

Background: Cervix uteri cancer is the 4th most common cancer among women worldwide and the second most frequent cancer in women under 45 years old in Spain. We aimed to describe the burden of hospital admissions by malignant neoplasia (MN) and in situ carcinoma (ISC) of the cervix in Spain from 2003 to 2014, a 12-year period that included the first years after introduction of an HPV vaccination program. Methods: This epidemiological study reviewed data from the Ministry of Health National Surveillance System, which includes more than 98% of Spanish hospitals. Hospitalization rate, mortality rate, and case fatality rates were calculated per year and age group. Results: We found 74,933 hospitalizations due to MN and ISC of the cervix. The average age at hospitalization increased significantly during the study period. The average length of hospital stay decreased significantly (p