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The idea of ‘equity’, largely grounded in Western legal tradition, has come to permeate evaluations of what is fair and just within environmental governance programmes. But what constitutes equity in climate change and conservation projects? And does everyone affected by such projects see equity as desirable? Local encounters with global environmental governance interventions in Suau, Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, provide an entry point to explore these questions. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with communities implicated in the Central Suau Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) Pilot Project and in Save the Forest conservation projects, we examine tensions around conceptions of equity and equality between project proponents and local communities, as well as between individuals within those communities. By paying attention to talk about pigs in Suau, and tracing the intersections between reciprocity and trade, we explore how people negotiate equity and equality. We emphasize that this negotiation is central to Suau ideas of fairness. While the REDD+ and Save the Forest projects work to ensure ‘equitable’ distribution of benefits among supposedly equivalent actors, we show how this may actually close down possibilities for negotiation of outcomes that local people consider fair.

Climate change is shaped and understood through assumptions of causality and temporality that enable and constrain feasible approaches to environmental governance, approaches that may reproduce inequalities. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) provides an entry point to examine the intersecting assumptions and politics around climate change and how it is managed. Actors in the REDD+ regime promote particular assumptions about the causality and temporality of climate change, which are often privileged over local ways of being and knowing. Through ten months of ethnographic fieldwork with communities implicated in the Central Suau REDD+ Pilot Project in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG), this research engages with storytelling as a methodology to investigate how people in Suau perceive and perform climate change. While people in Suau draw on a multiplicity of assumptions to make sense of complex socio-ecological change, they often foreground relational assumptions of causality and temporality. By destabilising and problematising the notion of a “common understanding” of climate change, this paper contributes to emerging work on political ontology. The ongoing privileging of categorical causal and temporal assumptions in the REDD+ regime in PNG is political – it not only places blame on subsistence agriculturalists but marginalises relational ways of seeing and addressing climate change. By telling stories, we can open up to the multiplicity of assumptions about how and why climate change is occurring and make space for alternative approaches to manage this change that may avoid reinscribing inequalities.

Fisheries management is characterised by multiple objectives, some of which may be complementary, while others may require trade‐offs between outcomes. Balancing these objectives is made more complex in the case of multispecies and multigear fisheries. In this paper, we develop a bioeconomic model that captures the key elements of such a fishery to test a range of potential harvest strategies to provide insights into how economic target reference points could lead to both desirable and undesirable management outcomes (e.g. discards). The model is developed as a long‐run optimisation model to identify target reference points to achieve multispecies maximum economic yield, and a dynamic recursive optimisation model, which includes more realistic representation of fishers’ behaviour, such as discards and trading of under‐caught species quotas. The potential economic, social and ecological impacts are evaluated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results suggest that the use of proxy target reference points can result in short‐term economic benefits at the cost of slower stock recovery and higher discarding. Limiting the number of species subject to quota controls may also prove beneficial in multispecies fisheries, while ensuring quota markets are efficient is likely to produce benefits irrespective of the harvest strategy adopted.

Ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) provides a framework to achieve ecological, economic and social sustainability in fisheries. However, developing harvest strategies to achieve these multiple objectives is complex. This is even more so in multi-sector multi-species fisheries. In our study, we develop such harvest strategies for the multi-species Coral Reef Fin Fish Fishery (CRFFF) operating in the waters of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. The fishery includes recreational, charter and commercial sectors, and is a provider of regional employment and supplier of seafood to both local and export markets. We convened a series of stakeholder workshops and conducted surveys to identify stakeholder objectives and priorities, as well as potential harvest strategy frameworks for the fishery. These potential harvest strategies were assessed against the objectives using a further qualitative impact survey. The analysis identified which frameworks were preferred by different stakeholder groups and why, taking into account the different objective priorities and tradeoffs in outcomes. The new feature of the work was to qualitatively determine which harvest strategies are perceived to best address triple bottom line objectives. The approach is therefore potentially applicable in other complex fisheries developing harvest strategies which, by design, strive to achieve ecological, economic and social sustainability. © 2018 by the authors.

The report finds that quality early childhood education makes a significant contribution to achieving educational excellence in schools. There is growing evidence that participation in quality early childhood education improves school readiness and lifts NAPLAN results and PISA scores. Children who participate in high quality early childhood education are more likely to complete year 12 and are less likely to repeat grades or require additional support. High quality early childhood education also has broader impacts; it is linked with higher levels of employment, income and financial security, improved health outcomes and reduced crime. It helps build the skills children will need for the jobs of the future.

Climate change will disrupt relationships between fishers, fisheries and fishing communities in complex ways, with final impacts on well-being highly context-dependent. We highlight these themes through three markedly distinct case-studies: small-scale, artisanal and subsistence-based fisheries of the western Indian Ocean (WIO), fishing of cultural keystone species in the Torres Strait, and commercial fishing in Australia. We note that climate change will affect various fish resources differently and that all impacts will not necessarily be adverse. Confounding factors and dynamic feedbacks will likewise depend on context: in the WIO, population growth and crop failures will further strain limited fish resources; in the Torres Strait, rising sea levels will present acute challenges; while in Australian commercial fisheries, dynamic feedbacks will be chiefly driven by changes in the global fish market. Furthermore, whereas stronger governance will likely protect fish stocks in Australian waters (possibly at the expense of fisheries elsewhere in the world), there is a likelihood of “maladaptation” in the WIO and on the Papua New Guinea side of the Torres Strait. The importance of social and cultural values is evident in each case study. Strategies that leverage these values and help strengthen social capital may have much to offer in a variety of contexts. Although pure notions of economic efficiency encapsulate well-being (formally, “social welfare”), the models that underpin much of fisheries policy incorporate only provisioning services (maximizing economic yield rather than well-being). By incorporating additional values, these models could better promote the long-term viability of a complex and dynamic socio-ecological system