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Background and Aims: Recent evidence suggests that the mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) near the affected intestine may play a role in Crohn's disease (CD) pathophysiology. Modulation of several transcripts has already been identified in the MAT of CD in the literature. Therefore, our aim was to validate the microRNA (miRNA) transcript levels and their target genes in the MAT of active CD patients and correlate them with clinical and epidemiological data., Methods: Samples from the MAT of surgical specimens from 25 active CD patients were obtained. The control group comprised fifteen patients who underwent surgery for other diseases, except inflammatory bowel diseases. Transcriptional levels of miRNA and their target genes were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between transcripts and clinical characteristics was obtained using multiple linear regression. The mathematical models (M) underwent a statistical filter to ensure robustness and reliability ( P value < .05; adjusted R-squared (Rˆ2)> .99; correct predictions of more than 60%)., Results: miRNA-650 and miRNA-29c were upregulated in the MAT of CD compared to the control group ( P  < .0001 and P  = .0032, respectively), besides presenting decreased levels of their target genes. Two were target genes of the miRNA-650: glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 ( P  = .012) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family ( P  = .0035); and 4 were targets of the miRNA-29c: cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c ( P  = .001), E2F transcription factor-1 ( P  = .007), hypoxia-inducible factor 3 subunit alpha ( P  = .0029), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ( P  = .0054). We found 2 M with statistical strength and robustness. The performance test identified one model with 100% accuracy for predicting the month of recurrence and determining patients with less risk of early relapse after surgery., Conclusion: We demonstrate that miRNA-650 and miRNA-29c and some of their target genes, besides clinical and epidemiological variables, may be useful in a model to predict when disease relapse may occur in CD patients who underwent surgery. These findings constitute a potential tool to guide postoperative clinical management., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Both diseases, despite being different, may require the same surgical procedure: proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The main complication after this procedure is pouch inflammation (pouchitis). This inflammatory complication can affect up to 60 percent of patients who receive IPAA for UC, and a very small percentage of the FAP patients. The purpose of this review was to determine the current molecular mechanisms in its pathogenesis and detail the risk factors involved in pouchitis, its diagnosis, and treatment., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the gastrointestinal tract and can have a major impact on the patient's quality of life and social/professional activities. Asymptomatic patients, or those with mild symptoms, experience the active disease with subclinical manifestation. Systematic review (SR) was performed to look for evidence for the role of chemokines and adipokines as markers for CD activity., Methods: This SR was conducted by searching published studies in international and regional databases up till July, 2020. CD patients were adults with the disease in activity or remission. All adipokines and chemokines were considered for the analysis and the Rayyan QCRI system was used., Results: In total, 20 studies were included. Six addressed chemokines and eight adipokines as potential biomarkers of CD activity. CXCL8 was the most studied chemokine (8 studies) and the results were controversial, with 62.5% showing a significant association with CD activity. CXCL10 was investigated by 4 studies and 50% identified it as a potential biomarker. CCL2, CCL11, CCL26 and CXCL1 were examined by 2 articles each. CXCL8 (P=0.002/P=0.001) and CXCL1 (P<0.001) presented the lowest? P value, which qualifies them as potential markers of disease activity. All the adipokines were tested in peripheral blood but 44.4% were also tested in intestinal mucosa, while the percentage in the chemokines' studies was 76.9% in peripheral blood, 46.1% in intestinal mucosa and 7.6% in urine sample respectively., Conclusion: The development of disease activity biomarkers for CD is becoming relevant for clinical practice. Chemokines and adipokines have the potential to signalize CD activity, but validation in larger cohorts of patients, preferable multicenter studies are still needed., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)