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1. Submicronic-Scale Mechanochemical Characterization of Oxygen-Enriched Materials

Author

Marie Garnier, Eric Lesniewska, Virgil Optasanu, Bruno Guelorget, Pascal Berger, Luc Lavisse, Manuel François, Irma Custovic, Nicolas Pocholle, and Eric Bourillot

Subjects
light chemical element quantification, diffusion, local mechanical properties, scanning microwave microscopy, oxide-metal interface materials, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Conventional techniques that measure the concentration of light elements in metallic materials lack high-resolution performance due to their intrinsic limitation of sensitivity. In that context, scanning microwave microscopy has the potential to significantly enhance the quantification of element distribution due to its ability to perform a tomographic investigation of the sample. Scanning microwave microscopy associates the local electromagnetic measurement and the nanoscale resolution of an atomic force microscope. This technique allows the simultaneous characterization of oxygen concentration as well as local mechanical properties by microwave phase shift and amplitude signal, respectively. The technique was calibrated by comparison with nuclear reaction analysis and nanoindentation measurement. We demonstrated the reliability of the scanning microwave technique by studying thin oxygen-enriched layers on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. This innovative approach opens novel possibilities for the indirect quantification of light chemical element diffusion in metallic materials. This technique is applicable to the control and optimization of industrial processes.

Published
2024
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2. Suicide attempts in the county of Basel: results from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour

Author

Flavio Muheim, Martin Eichhorn, Pascal Berger, Stephanie Czernin, Gabriela Stoppe, Merle Keck, and Anita Riecher-Rössler

Subjects
Epidemiology, Mental disorder, parasuicide, repetition, risk factors, suicide attempt, Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: This article presents epidemiological and clinical findings from the Basel research centre parti­cipating in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2006, 984 suicide attempts were documented for patients presenting at medical institutions with a suicide attempt. RESULTS: The mean suicide attempt rate was 164/100,000 inhabitants. Women attempted suicide nearly twice as often as men. The highest suicide attempt rates were found for women aged 20–24 years, for men aged 30–34 years, and for people who were unmarried, of foreign nationality, and of low education or low employment status. ‘Soft methods’ were used significantly more often than ‘hard methods’. Of the suicide attempt methods employed, a relatively high proportion was accounted for by self-poisoning with drugs (X60-64), especially with non­steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Significant gender differences were found in the various methods and in the frequency of psychiatric diagnoses. A total of 98.7% of the attempters were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10; 35% suffered from an affective disorder. Men were significantly more frequently affected by substance abuse disorder or psychosis, whereas in women adjustment disorders and personality disorders were diagnosed significantly more often. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers the first published representative data of an entire Swiss county. Established sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for suicide attempts were reproduced. The identification of risk factors contributes to developing local targeted prevention strategies, for example education of risk groups and caregivers, and pharmacolegal consequences for package sizes. Gender- and age-specific prevention and aftercare programmes are indicated.

Published
2013
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3. Relation of corona-specific health literacy to use of and trust in information sources during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Saskia Maria De Gani, Fabian Marc Pascal Berger, Elena Guggiari, and Rebecca Jaks

Subjects
Health literacy, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Infodemic, Information sources, Trust, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background COVID-19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic which was accompanied by an «infodemic» consisting of much false and misleading information. To cope with these new challenges, health literacy plays an essential role. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a trend study in Switzerland on corona-specific health literacy, the use of and trust in information sources during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their relationships. Methods Three online surveys each with approximately 1′020 individuals living in the German-speaking part of Switzerland (age ≥ 18 years) were conducted at different timepoints during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely spring, fall and winter 2020. For the assessment of corona-specific health literacy, a specifically developed instrument (HLS-COVID-Q22) was used. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses have been conducted. Results In general, a majority of the Swiss-German population reported sufficient corona-specific health literacy levels which increased during the pandemic: 54.6% participants in spring, 62.4% in fall and 63.3% in winter 2020 had sufficient corona-specific health literacy. Greatest difficulties concerned the appraisal of health information on the coronavirus. The most used information sources were television (used by 73.3% in spring, 70% in fall and 72.3% in winter) and the internet (used by 64.1, 64.8 and 66.5%). Although health professionals, health authorities and the info-hotline were rarely mentioned as sources for information on the coronavirus, respondents had greatest trust in them. On the other hand, social media were considered as the least trustworthy information sources. Respondents generally reporting more trust in the various information sources, tended to have higher corona-specific health literacy levels. Conclusions Sufficient health literacy is an essential prerequisite for finding, understanding, appraising, and applying health recommendations, particularly in a situation where there is a rapid spread of a huge amount of information. The population should be supported in their capability in appraising the received information and in assessing the trustworthiness of different information sources.

Published
2022
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5. Novel Ca and Ca-Li Intercalated B/C and B/C/N Materials with Layered Structures

Author

Masayuki Kawaguchi, Hiromichi Ishikawa, Pascal Berger, Mélissa Fauchard, Sébastien Cahen, Claire Hérold, Fundamental Electronics Research Institute, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Boron/carbon/nitrogen (B/C/N) materials and boron/carbon (B/C) materials having graphite-like layered structures were synthesized by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Calcium (Ca) was intercalated into the B/C materials by the reaction of Ca vapor with the host B/C film to form an intercalation compound with a second stage structure as a main product. Ca was also co-intercalated with lithium (Li) into the B/C/N materials by using the liquid-alloy method to form an intercalation compound. These are the first examples of syntheses of Ca and Ca-Li intercalated B/C and B/C/N materials. The nuclear microprobe analysis (NMA) indicated the compositions of the original host B/C/N and B/C materials to be BC2.6N0.55 and BC6.4, and the Ca-Li intercalated compound to be Ca0.67Li0.42(BC3.3N0.50) and suggested the homogeneity of these materials and the compound. We also found that the NMA is one of the most accurate methods for determining the compositions of air and water sensitive intercalation compounds as well as complex systems like the B/C/N and B/C materials.

Published
2022

6. Seeking the Oxidation Mechanism of Debris in the Fretting Wear of Titanium Functionalized by Surface Laser Treatments

Author

Lavisse, María del Carmen Marco de Lucas, Franck Torrent, Gianni-Paolo Pillon, Pascal Berger, and Luc

Subjects
laser irradiation, fretting wear, tribological contact, ion beam analysis, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Surface laser treatment (SLT) using nanosecond IR lasers has been shown to improve the tribological behaviour of titanium. Here, we studied the fretting wear of SLT-functionalized pure titanium in a mixture of reactive gases O2 (20 vol.%) + N2 (80 vol.%). The contact geometry was a ball on a plane and the ball was made of bearing steel. The very small amplitude of relative displacement between reciprocating parts in fretting wear makes the evacuation of wear particles difficult. Moreover, the oxidation mechanism of the debris depends on the accessibility of the surrounding atmosphere to the tribological contact. This work focused in the analysis of debris generation and oxidation mechanisms, and sought to differentiate the role of oxygen forming part of the ambient O2 + N2 gas mixture from oxygen present in the surface layer of the SL-treated titanium. Before the fretting test, the surface of the commercially pure titanium plates was treated with a laser under a mixture of O2 + N2 gases with oxygen enriched in the 18O isotope. Then, the fretting tests were performed in regular air containing natural oxygen. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques were used to analyse the TiO2 surface layers and fretting scars. Iron oxide particles were identified by Raman spectroscopy and IBA as the third body in the tribological contact. The spatial distribution of 18O, Ti, 16O and Fe in the fretting scars was studied by IBA. The analysis showed that the areas containing high concentrations of Fe displayed also high concentrations of 16O, but smaller concentrations of 18O and Ti. Therefore, it was concluded that tribological contact allows the oxidation of iron debris by its reaction with ambient air.

Published
2023
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7. The 2021 cross-national and comparative classification of in-country awareness and policy responses to ‘young carers’

Author

Agnes Leu, Fabian Marc Pascal Berger, Malla Heino, Henk Herman Nap, Aurélie Untas, Licia Boccaletti, Feylyn Lewis, Daniel Phelps, Sara Santini, Barbara D'Amen, Marco Socci, Valentina Hlebec, Tatjana Rakar, Lennart Magnusson, Elizabeth Hanson, and Saul Becker

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, General Social Sciences, Life-span and Life-course Studies
Published
2022

9. Simultaneous intercalation of lithium, potassium and strontium into graphite in molten salts medium

Author

Inass El Hajj, Lucie Speyer, Sébastien Cahen, Pascal Berger, Ghouti Medjahdi, Philippe Lagrange, Claire Hérold, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Graphite intercalation compound, XRD, molten salts, nuclear microprobe, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, alkaline-earth metal, Condensed Matter Physics, 2D materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The LiCl-KCl molten salts method has been used in order to intercalate strontium into graphite. Combination of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) experiments and ion beam analyses attests the obtaining of a monophasic sample. Its chemical composition corresponds to the Li 0.2 K 0.6 Sr 0.4 C 6 formula, revealing the synthesis of a quaternary Graphite Intercalation Compound (GIC), in agreement with the high repeat distance of 640 pm determined from its 00 l XRD and with the 1D electronic density profile. The very high-quality data obtained by hk 0 diffraction and rotating crystal method lead to a 2D organization of the intercalated sheet described by a large hexagonal unit cell containing 78 carbon atoms. Such quaternary phase including simultaneously alkali and alkaline-earth metals is unique and can only be prepared from molten salts method, opening new perspectives concerning graphite-based two-dimensional materials.

Published
2023

12. Co-intercalation into graphite of lithium, potassium and barium using LiCl–KCl molten salt

Author

Inass El Hajj, Lucie Speyer, Sébastien Cahen, Pascal Berger, Ghouti Medjahdi, Philippe Lagrange, null Claire Hérold, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Graphite intercalation compound, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, XRD, Process Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry, molten salts, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, alkaline-earth metal, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 2D materials, Inorganic Chemistry, nuclear microprobe, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites
Abstract

International audience; The synthesis of a novel first stage GIC containing simultaneously lithium, potassium and barium through a solid–liquid reaction by molten salts method is described. Such a route has been largely developed in our laboratory for intercalation of metals into graphite. The interplanar distance of this quaternary compound reaches 950 pm and exhibits poly-layered intercalated sheets defined by X-ray measurements. The Li0.2K0.75Ba0.6C6 chemical formula of the compound is determined by ion beam analysis and this GIC is remarkably homogeneous. This GIC is the first poly-layered one containing barium.

Published
2022

16. Efficiency and durability of protective treatments on cultural heritage copper corrosion layers

Author

Emilande Apchain, Philippe Dillmann, Albert Noumowe, Jean-Paul Gallien, Pascal Berger, Nicolas Nuns, Delphine Neff, Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil (L2MGC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Fondation des Sciences du Patrimoine ne (EUR-17-EURE-0021), ANR-10-LABX-0094,PATRIMA,Tangible heritage(2010), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Corrosion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, protective treatments, copper alloys, microcrystalline wax, Microcrystalline wax, Wax, atmospheric corrosion, Metallurgy, General Chemistry, Penetration (firestop), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Durability, Copper, 6. Clean water, chemistry, visual_art, copper, visual_art.visual_art_medium, decanoate solution, Leaching (metallurgy), Erosion corrosion of copper water tubes, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; To protect copper artefacts of the cultural heritage from atmospheric degradation protective treatment must be applied. Two types of protective treatments: microcrystalline wax (Cosmolloïd wax) and decanoate solution (HC10) were tested. Two aspects were considered: the penetration of the treatments in the corrosion layers, and its durability. Equivalent efficiencies for both treatments were demonstrated. The penetration of the treatments seems to depend essentially on its application mode. Re-corrosion experiments of treated samples under immersion in D2O demonstrate that the efficiency and the durability with time or after water leaching depend on the penetration of the treatments in the corrosion layers.

Published
2021

17. Effect of mechanical surface treatments on the high temperature oxidation of pure titanium: the role of nitrogen

Author

M. de Lucas, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Tony Montesin, A. Kanjer, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, Patrice Peyre, Cyril Gorny, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Peening, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, TA1-2040, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility, Carbon, Titanium
Abstract

International audience; The mechanically treated high temperature (700°C) oxidation of commercially pure titanium was studied for long exposures (3000 h). The treatments studied here are the shot-peening and the laser-shock peening. The mass gain was measured by discontinued weighing. SEM and Raman imaging revealed strong differences between laser-shock peened, shot-peened and untreated oxidized samples. The laser treatment leads to thin compact and protective oxide layer while the shot-peened and untreated samples exhibit cracked oxide layers. The distribution of light elements like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen was revealed by Ion Beam Analysis. The presence of nitrogen located at the interface between the oxide scale and the metal was revealed on laser-shock peened samples. It is supposed the nitrogen slows-down the oxygen diffusion into the metal. The extent of the oxygen-enriched metal is also smaller on LSP samples, which improves the ductility of titanium.

Published
2020

18. High temperature oxidation resistance and microstructure of laser-shock peened Ti-Beta-21S

Author

Patrice Peyre, Virgil Optasanu, Tony Montesin, Pascal Berger, Cyril Gorny, L. Lavisse, A. Kanjer, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)

Subjects
Solid-state chemistry, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Materials science, Diffusion, Alloy, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, Oxygen, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Oxygen diffusion, High temperature oxidation, 020502 materials, oxidation kinetics, technology, industry, and agriculture, Titanium alloy, Peening, Metastable beta-titanium, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, equipment and supplies, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Mechanical surface treatments, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Improving the high temperature (HT) resistance of titanium alloys is currently a technological challenge for extending their use in aerospace engines. Ti-Beta-21S is a metastable $\beta$ titanium alloy specifically designed for high temperature applications up to 593 °C. We report the effect of a surface treatment by laser-shock peening (LSP) on the high temperature behavior of Ti-Beta-21S in order to increase further its maximum service temperature. The oxidation kinetics at 700 °C for duration up to 3000 h showed that the LSP treatment increases the oxidation resistance of Ti-Beta-21S. The effects of the LSP treatment on the alloy microstructure, its evolution at high temperature and the diffusion of light atmospheric elements (oxygen and nitrogen) are also reported.

Published
2020

19. Original synthesis route of bulk binary superconducting graphite intercalation compounds with strontium, barium and ytterbium

Author

Sébastien Cahen, G. Lamura, C. Herold, Pascal Berger, I. El-Hajj, L. Speyer, Ghouti Medjahdi, Philippe Lagrange, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR-SPIN-NA and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ytterbium, Strontium, Chemistry, Intercalation (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Chemical species, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Lamellar structure, Graphite, Molten salt, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Thanks to its lamellar structure, graphite can host various chemical species between its interplanar spaces to form Graphite Intercalation Compounds (GIC). Intercalation of metals into graphite can lead to remarkable modifications of the physical properties of the sample with respect to pristine graphite as for instance superconductivity. In this paper, we report attempts made to intercalate strontium, baryum and ytterbium into graphite, using a recent method involving a LiCl-KCl molten salt as a reaction medium. Resulting samples are characterized regarding their structure and chemical composition. We reveal the obtaining of bulk SrC$_6$ and BaC$_6$ and a superficial intercalation of ytterbium leading to superconducting YbC$_6$ domains only, as confirmed by dc-magnetization measurements.

Published
2020
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21. Improving the high temperature oxidation resistance of pure titanium by shot-peening treatments

Author

Tony Montesin, Nicolas Geoffroy, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, Olivier Heintz, M.C. Marco de Lucas, A. Kanjer, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée ( LASMIS ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, Shot peening, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Tungsten carbide, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Titanium
Abstract

International audience; Shot-peening (SP) treatments have shown their capacity to improve the oxidation resistance of titanium and zirconium thanks to the large compressive stresses and the surface hardening induced by this mechanical process. However, shot-peening treatments can produce a surface chemical deposit, which can modify the high temperature oxidation resistance. Here, we study pure titanium samples shot-peened with different type of balls: tungsten carbide, alumina or glass. The oxidation behavior was studied at 700 °C in dry air by thermo gravimetric analysis for short isotherm oxidation periods up to 100 h. Also, long oxidation tests (3000 h) at 700 °C were performed with an intermittent monitoring of the samples mass. The oxidized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, XPS and nuclear reaction analysis. After 100 h of oxidation the alumina ball shot-peening treatment produced the most resistant samples. The smallest α-case area was found for the samples that received the most energetic mechanical treatment. The formation of a continuous nitride layer observed underneath the oxide layer can explain the oxidation resistance improvement. Shot-peening treatments with alumina balls produce an alumina deposit on the samples surface that participates to reduce the oxidation. The chemical and structural surface modifications brought by the mechanical treatment participate to the oxidation resistance improvement. For long oxidation periods (3000 h), the shot-peening with WC balls followed by a stripping with glass balls was the only treatment that showed an oxidation resistance improvement.

Published
2018

22. Health Literacy in the Canton of Zurich: First Results of a Representative Study

Author

Fabian Marc Pascal Berger, Dunja Nicca, Saskia De Gani, Elena Guggiari, Rebecca Jaks, University of Zurich, and De Gani, Saskia Maria

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, HLS-EU-Q, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 610 Medicine & health, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, federalist health system, Adaptation, Physiological, Article, health information, Surveys and Questionnaires, 2310 Pollution, 2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, health determinants, Educational Status, Humans, Medicine, health literacy, Switzerland
Abstract

Managing health information and services is difficult for nearly half of the population in Switzerland. Low health literacy has been shown to result in poorer health and health outcomes as well as a higher utilization of health services. To date, studies on health literacy in Switzerland have focused on a national level. However, Switzerland is a federal state with 26 cantons and a strongly decentralized health system. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how health literacy is distributed within the population of the canton of Zurich specifically, and to develop methods to determine whether an individual has a higher or lower level of health literacy. There were a total of 1000 participants in this representative study. Data was collected by an adapted version of the HLS-EU-Q47 and additional sociodemographic questions. The majority (56%) of the reported difficulties concerned accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health information. The findings confirm that health literacy follows a social gradient, whereby financially deprived individuals and those with a low educational level report lower health literacy. The need for action to strengthen the health literacy of these population groups is therefore urgent. Interventions should pay particular attention to these vulnerable groups and tailor resolutions to their needs and preferences.

Published
2021

28. Religion und Wirtschaft bei Georg Simmel

Author

Pascal Berger

Abstract

Georg Simmels Schaffen war von der Frage geleitet, wie eine religiöse Lebensführung unter säkularen Vorzeichen noch möglich ist: Die Geldwirtschaft befreit das Individuum aus traditionalen Bindungen, doch weder die Ökonomie noch die althergebrachten religiösen Institutionen vermögen das noch verbleibende religiöse Begehren nach individueller Ganzheitlichkeit zu befriedigen. Sinnstiftung obliegt, einmal freigesetzt, nun dem auf sich gestellten Individuum selbst. Pascal Bergers Studie zeichnet Simmels Perspektiven auf den Zusammenhang von Religion und Wirtschaft nach und leistet damit einen Beitrag zur soziologischen Theorien- und Ideengeschichte.

Published
2019

33. Inhalt

Author

Pascal Berger

Published
2019

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