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Abstract Understanding the fate of subducted carbonates is a prerequisite for the elucidation of the Earth’s deep carbon cycle. Here we show that the concomitant presence of Ca[CO3] with CO2 in a subducting slab very likely results in the formation of an anhydrous mixed pyrocarbonate, $${{{{\rm{Ca}}}}}_{3}{\left[{{{{\rm{C}}}}}_{2}{{{{\rm{O}}}}}_{5}\right]}_{2}\left[{{{{\rm{CO}}}}}_{3}\right]$$ Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 , at moderate pressure ( ≈ 20 GPa) and temperature ( ≈ 1500 K) conditions. We show that at these conditions $${{{{\rm{Ca}}}}}_{3}{\left[{{{{\rm{C}}}}}_{2}{{{{\rm{O}}}}}_{5}\right]}_{2}\left[{{{{\rm{CO}}}}}_{3}\right]$$ Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 can be obtained by reacting Ca[CO3] with CO2 in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The crystal structure was obtained from synchrotron-based single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Density Functional Perturbation Theory calculations in combination with experimental Raman spectroscopy results unambiguously confirmed the structural model. The crystal structure of $${{{{\rm{Ca}}}}}_{3}{\left[{{{{\rm{C}}}}}_{2}{{{{\rm{O}}}}}_{5}\right]}_{2}\left[{{{{\rm{CO}}}}}_{3}\right]$$ Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 is characterized by the presence of $${\left[{{{{\rm{CO}}}}}_{3}\right]}^{2-}$$ CO 3 2 − - and $${\left[{{{{\rm{C}}}}}_{2}{{{{\rm{O}}}}}_{5}\right]}^{2-}$$ C 2 O 5 2 − -groups. The results presented here imply that the formation of $${{{{\rm{Ca}}}}}_{3}{\left[{{{{\rm{C}}}}}_{2}{{{{\rm{O}}}}}_{5}\right]}_{2}\left[{{{{\rm{CO}}}}}_{3}\right]$$ Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 needs to be taken into account when constructing models of the deep carbon cycle of the Earth.

Abstract Background and Aims Improving the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents remains a public health priority. Effective communication between parents and adolescents regarding sexual health and relationships is important and could influence adolescents to adopt safer sexual behaviors. However, several barriers can impede this communication in the UK population. The aim of the review is to explore barriers and facilitators, as well as wider determinants of parent–adolescent communication (PAC) on sexual health and relationships. The review will explore possible interventions aimed at promoting PAC on sexual health and relationships. Methods The review will focus on exploring barriers and facilitators of PAC on sexual health and relationships in the United Kingdom. This study will synthesize qualitative literature to understand the significance of parent–adolescent sexual and reproductive health communication, the challenges and facilitators to effective communication in the United Kingdom. Using a detailed predetermined search strategy, the study will search for relevant studies from CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and gray literature on Google Scholar. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist will appraise the included studies' methodological quality. A thematic synthesis approach will be used to synthesize data from included studies. Conclusion Findings from the systematic review are expected to give information on the barriers and facilitators of PAC on sexual health and relationships which will further optimize interventions to improve this type of communication and guide future research in understanding this area. Systematic review registration The review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD (PROSPERO) (CRD42022351697).

Silicon pernitride, SiN2, was synthesized from the elements at 140 GPa in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Its crystal structure was solved and refined by means of synchrotron-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The title compound crystallizes in the pyrite structure type (space group Pa\overline{3}, No. 205). The Si atom occupies a site with multiplicity 4 (Wyckoff letter b, site symmetry .\overline{3}.), while the N atom is located on a site with multiplicity 8 (Wyckoff letter c, site symmetry .3.). The crystal structure of SiN2 is comprised of slightly distorted [SiN6] octahedra interconnected with each other by sharing vertices. Crystal chemical analysis of bond lengths suggests that Si has a formal oxidation state of +IV, while nitrogen forms pernitride anions (N—N)4–.

The anhydrous pyrocarbonate and the first hydrogen pyrocarbonate Li[HC2O5] have been synthesized in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressures (≈25 ${ \approx 25}$ GPa). The structures of the two compounds have been obtained from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations have been employed to further characterize their structure‐property relations. The present results significantly enlarge the group of inorganic pyrocarbonates by the discovery of the hydrogenated pyrocarbonate anion Li[HC2O5]−. In the structure of Li[HC2O5] there is a symmetric O−H−O arrangement at high pressures, which converts to a conventional O−H⋯ ${ \cdots }$ O hydrogen bond upon pressure release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anhydrous pyrocarbonate and the first hydrogen pyrocarbonate Li[HC2O5] have been synthesized in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressures (≈25 ${ \approx 25}$ GPa). The structures of the two compounds have been obtained from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations have been employed to further characterize their structure‐property relations. The present results significantly enlarge the group of inorganic pyrocarbonates by the discovery of the hydrogenated pyrocarbonate anion Li[HC2O5]−. In the structure of Li[HC2O5] there is a symmetric O−H−O arrangement at high pressures, which converts to a conventional O−H⋯ ${ \cdots }$ O hydrogen bond upon pressure release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semipermeable polymersomes, a class of polymeric vesicles that allow molecular passage across their membranes, offer significant potential for controlled drug delivery. These vesicles can be designed for inherent or selective permeability through the choice of suitable copolymers or the incorporation of protein nanopores, respectively. In this study, we explore a novel approach using oxygen‐producing enzymatic reactions within biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(caprolactone‐gradient‐trimethylene carbonate) (PEG‐p(CL‐g‐TMC)) polymersomes to modulate drug release. These polymersomes were found to enhance the release of hydrophobic drugs while retaining hydrophilic drugs. The enzymatic generation of oxygen within the polymersomes increased membrane hydrophobicity, influencing drug release kinetics. The findings highlight the importance of understanding drug release kinetics in designing effective drug delivery systems, as the release rate and mechanism critically impact therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the fate of subducted carbonates is a prerequisite for the elucidation of the Earth's deep carbon cycle. Here we show that the concomitant presence of Ca[CO3] with CO2 in a subducting slab very likely results in the formation of an anhydrous mixed pyrocarbonate, Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 , at moderate pressure (≈ 20 GPa) and temperature (≈ 1500 K) conditions. We show that at these conditions Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 can be obtained by reacting Ca[CO3] with CO2 in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The crystal structure was obtained from synchrotron-based single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Density Functional Perturbation Theory calculations in combination with experimental Raman spectroscopy results unambiguously confirmed the structural model. The crystal structure of Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 is characterized by the presence of CO 3 2 − - and C 2 O 5 2 − -groups. The results presented here imply that the formation of Ca 3 C 2 O 5 2 CO 3 needs to be taken into account when constructing models of the deep carbon cycle of the Earth. Carbonates are transported into the deep Earth by subduction of the oceanic lithosphere, but the stability fields of subducted carbonates as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition remain incompletely described. Here, the authors synthesize the anhydrous, mixed pyrocarbonate Ca3[C2O5]2[CO3] from Ca[CO3] and CO2 in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressure and elucidate its structural features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is deemed to be a conducive factor in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) as it often confers location advantage to host countries and fosters business confidence. This paper examines the short-run and the long-run effects of economic growth on FDI inflows. The empirical analysis is conducted through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) System estimator for dynamic panel models. The main results show significant positive effects of economic growth on FDI inflows, and they indicate that the magnitudes of these effects are statistically comparable over time and do not diminish with higher economic growth levels. They also reveal important variations in the magnitude of these effects across geo-economic regions and over pertinent economic variables such as economic development level, international trade and foreign investment openness, and endowment in natural resources. These findings underscore the significance of developing growth-enhancing policies that are designed on the basis of the economic and geo-economic characteristics of host countries. Such policies could be coupled with international trade and foreign investment openness directions to stimulate stronger responses of FDI inflows to economic growth and mitigate the implications of unfavorable global and regional political conditions.

The anhydrous alkaline earth metal carbonate Be(CO3) was synthesized in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressures and temperatures (20(2) GPa and 1500(200) K) by a reaction of BeO with CO2. It crystallizes in the acentric, trigonal space group P3121 with Z = 3. The crystal structure was obtained from synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data and confirmed by density functional theory-based calculations in combination with Raman spectroscopy. Second harmonic generation measurements were employed to verify the acentric space group symmetry. The crystal structure of Be(CO3) is characterized by the presence of isolated [CO3]2−-groups and BeO4-tetrahedra. This is a new structure type and such a topology has not been observed in carbonates before. Be(CO3) can be recovered to ambient conditions and is not undergoing a phase transition during decompression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of teclistamab, a humanized immunoglobulin bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who are on dialysis. The study, conducted in France, included 15 dialysis-dependent RRMM patients who were treated with teclistamab. The results showed promising responses in most patients, with manageable side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and infections. The study suggests that teclistamab monotherapy could be a feasible and safe option for patients with dialysis-dependent RRMM who are typically excluded from clinical trials. [Extracted from the article]

At the current state of the art, the roll bending of heavy plates is mainly controlled and monitored manually. By automating these tasks, the economic efficiency of the process can be increased significantly. For this reason, the industry is looking for a solution to modernize the used machine tools. Therefore, in this paper, an AI-based prognosis model and an associated optical monitoring system were developed. The prediction model assists the plant operator by calculating the expected forming result. Here, it is trained with empirical process data, determined by the monitoring system. The two components were tested numerically and experimentally.

Nanocrystals are used as universal approach to improve the bioactivity of poorly soluble active ingredients. They are produced by various techniques, typically yielding aqueous nanosuspensions, which are prone to microbial contamination. Preservation of nanocrystals is possible but might not always be feasible, as preservatives might interfere with other excipients in the formulations or with chemicals used in assays, cell cultures or animal models. Therefore, to enable an easier use of nanocrystals, preservative-free nanosuspensions would be a good alternative. In this study, rutin nanocrystals were frozen and stored for three months at −20 °C. The chemical, physical and microbial stability were monitored, and the results were compared to preserved nanosuspensions. The frozen nanosuspensions remained stable and possessed excellent stability over the whole time of storage, indicating that the freeze–thaw process is suitable for the production of preservative-free nanosuspensions with excellent long-term stability. The freeze–thaw process for nanosuspensions is a simple concept and is suggested as alternative, when preserved nanosuspensions cannot be used.

Background: The relationship between inhaled corticosteroids and bone mineral density (BMD) remains uncertain despite extensive research. Methods: This was an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-year noninferiority study. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (⩾40 years of age; smoking history ⩾10 pack years) and at least one native hip evaluable for BMD were enrolled and randomized 1:1, stratified by sex, to treatment with vilanterol (VI) 25 µg or fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) 100 µg/25 µg. BMD measurements were taken via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every 6 months. The primary endpoint was assessment of the noninferiority of change from baseline in total hip BMD per year at the −1% noninferiority level. Change from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine and BMD measurements by sex were secondary endpoints. Incidences of COPD exacerbations and bone fractures throughout the study were also recorded. Results: Of 283 randomized patients, 170 (60%) completed the study. Noninferiority was demonstrated for FF/VI versus VI with regards to change from baseline in total hip BMD per year, with changes of −0.27% and 0.18%, respectively, and a treatment difference of −0.46% per year [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.97 to 0.06]. The treatment difference for FF/VI versus VI regarding lumbar spine BMD was −0.51% per year (95% CI −1.11 to 0.10). COPD exacerbations and bone fracture rates were similar between treatment groups. Conclusion: FF/VI showed noninferiority to VI for change from baseline in total hip BMD per year, when assessed at the −1% noninferiority margin in a combined sample of men and women with COPD. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.