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1. Globally important islands where eradicating invasive mammals will benefit highly threatened vertebrates.

Author

Holmes, Nick, Spatz, Dena, Oppel, Steffen, Tershy, Bernie, Croll, Donald, Keitt, Brad, Genovesi, Piero, Burfield, Ian, Will, David, Bond, Alexander, Wegmann, Alex, Aguirre-Muñoz, Alfonso, Raine, André, Knapp, Charles, Hung, Chung-Hang, Wingate, David, Hagen, Erin, Méndez-Sánchez, Federico, Rocamora, Gerard, Yuan, Hsiao-Wei, Fric, Jakob, Millett, James, Russell, James, Liske-Clark, Jill, Vidal, Eric, Jourdan, Hervé, Campbell, Karl, Springer, Keith, Swinnerton, Kirsty, Gibbons-Decherong, Lolita, Langrand, Olivier, Brooke, M, McMinn, Miguel, Bunbury, Nancy, Oliveira, Nuno, Sposimo, Paolo, Geraldes, Pedro, McClelland, Pete, Hodum, Peter, Ryan, Peter, Borroto-Páez, Rafael, Pierce, Ray, Griffiths, Richard, Fisher, Robert, Wanless, Ross, Pasachnik, Stesha, Cranwell, Steve, Micol, Thierry, and Butchart, Stuart

Subjects
Animals, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Endangered Species, Extinction, Biological, Introduced Species, Islands, Mammals
Abstract

Invasive alien species are a major threat to native insular species. Eradicating invasive mammals from islands is a feasible and proven approach to prevent biodiversity loss. We developed a conceptual framework to identify globally important islands for invasive mammal eradications to prevent imminent extinctions of highly threatened species using biogeographic and technical factors, plus a novel approach to consider socio-political feasibility. We applied this framework using a comprehensive dataset describing the distribution of 1,184 highly threatened native vertebrate species (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN Red List) and 184 non-native mammals on 1,279 islands worldwide. Based on extinction risk, irreplaceability, severity of impact from invasive species, and technical feasibility of eradication, we identified and ranked 292 of the most important islands where eradicating invasive mammals would benefit highly threatened vertebrates. When socio-political feasibility was considered, we identified 169 of these islands where eradication planning or operation could be initiated by 2020 or 2030 and would improve the survival prospects of 9.4% of the Earths most highly threatened terrestrial insular vertebrates (111 of 1,184 species). Of these, 107 islands were in 34 countries and territories and could have eradication projects initiated by 2020. Concentrating efforts to eradicate invasive mammals on these 107 islands would benefit 151 populations of 80 highly threatened vertebrates and make a major contribution towards achieving global conservation targets adopted by the worlds nations.

Published
2019

2. What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species?

Author

Lindken, Tim, primary, Anderson, Christopher V., additional, Ariano‐Sánchez, Daniel, additional, Barki, Goni, additional, Biggs, Christina, additional, Bowles, Philip, additional, Chaitanya, Ramamoorthi, additional, Cronin, Drew T., additional, Jähnig, Sonja C., additional, Jeschke, Jonathan M., additional, Kennerley, Rosalind J., additional, Lacher, Thomas E., additional, Luedtke, Jennifer A., additional, Liu, Chunlong, additional, Long, Barney, additional, Mallon, David, additional, Martin, Gabriel M., additional, Meiri, Shai, additional, Pasachnik, Stesha A., additional, Reynoso, Victor Hugo, additional, Stanford, Craig B., additional, Stephenson, P. J., additional, Tolley, Krystal A., additional, Torres‐Carvajal, Omar, additional, Waldien, David L., additional, Woinarski, John C. Z., additional, and Evans, Thomas, additional

Published
2024
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3. Diet‐tissue stable isotope (Δ13C and Δ15N) discrimination factors for multiple tissues from terrestrial reptiles

Author

Steinitz, Ronnie, Lemm, Jeffrey M, Pasachnik, Stesha A, and Kurle, Carolyn M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Animals, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Mass Spectrometry, Nitrogen Isotopes, Reptiles, Tissue Distribution, Chemical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Earth sciences
Abstract

RationaleStable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing trophic interactions to better understand drivers of community ecology. Taxon-specific stable isotope discrimination factors contribute to the best use of this tool. We determined the first Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N values for Rock Iguanas (Cyclura spp.) to better understand isotopic fractionation and estimate wild reptile foraging ecology.MethodsThe Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N values between diet and skin, blood, and scat were determined from juvenile and adult iguanas held for 1 year on a known diet. We measured relationships between iguana discrimination factors and size/age and quantified effects of lipid extraction and acid treatment on stable isotope values from iguana tissues. Isotopic and elemental compositions were determined by Dumas combustion using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer using standards of known composition.ResultsThe Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N values ranged from -2.5 to +6.5‰ and +2.2 to +7.5‰, respectively, with some differences among tissues and between juveniles and adults. The Δ(13)C values from blood and skin differed among species, but not the Δ(15)N values. The Δ(13)C values from blood and skin and Δ(15)N values from blood were positively correlated with size/age. The Δ(13)C values from scat were negatively correlated with size (not age). Treatment with HCl (scat) and lipid extraction (skin) did not affect the isotope values.ConclusionsThese results should aid in the understanding of processes driving stable carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination factors in reptiles. We provide estimates of Δ(13)C and Δ(15)N values and linear relationships between iguana size/age and discrimination factors for the best interpretation of wild reptile foraging ecology.

Published
2016

12. Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact

Author

Grace, Molly K., primary, Akçakaya, H. Resit, additional, Bennett, Elizabeth L., additional, Brooks, Thomas M., additional, Heath, Anna, additional, Hedges, Simon, additional, Hilton‐Taylor, Craig, additional, Hoffmann, Michael, additional, Hochkirch, Axel, additional, Jenkins, Richard, additional, Keith, David A., additional, Long, Barney, additional, Mallon, David P., additional, Meijaard, Erik, additional, Milner‐Gulland, E.J., additional, Rodriguez, Jon Paul, additional, Stephenson, P.J., additional, Stuart, Simon N., additional, Young, Richard P., additional, Acebes, Pablo, additional, Alfaro‐Shigueto, Joanna, additional, Alvarez‐Clare, Silvia, additional, Andriantsimanarilafy, Raphali Rodlis, additional, Arbetman, Marina, additional, Azat, Claudio, additional, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, additional, Badola, Ruchi, additional, Barcelos, Luís M.D., additional, Barreiros, Joao Pedro, additional, Basak, Sayanti, additional, Berger, Danielle J., additional, Bhattacharyya, Sabuj, additional, Bino, Gilad, additional, Borges, Paulo A.V., additional, Boughton, Raoul K., additional, Brockmann, H. Jane, additional, Buckley, Hannah L., additional, Burfield, Ian J., additional, Burton, James, additional, Camacho‐Badani, Teresa, additional, Cano‐Alonso, Luis Santiago, additional, Carmichael, Ruth H., additional, Carrero, Christina, additional, Carroll, John P., additional, Catsadorakis, Giorgos, additional, Chapple, David G., additional, Chapron, Guillaume, additional, Chowdhury, Gawsia Wahidunnessa, additional, Claassens, Louw, additional, Cogoni, Donatella, additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Craig, Christie Anne, additional, Cunningham, Andrew A., additional, Dahal, Nishma, additional, Daltry, Jennifer C., additional, Das, Goura Chandra, additional, Dasgupta, Niladri, additional, Davey, Alexandra, additional, Davies, Katharine, additional, Develey, Pedro, additional, Elangovan, Vanitha, additional, Fairclough, David, additional, Febbraro, Mirko Di, additional, Fenu, Giuseppe, additional, Fernandes, Fernando Moreira, additional, Fernandez, Eduardo Pinheiro, additional, Finucci, Brittany, additional, Földesi, Rita, additional, Foley, Catherine M., additional, Ford, Matthew, additional, Forstner, Michael R.J., additional, García, Néstor, additional, Garcia‐Sandoval, Ricardo, additional, Gardner, Penny C., additional, Garibay‐Orijel, Roberto, additional, Gatan‐Balbas, Marites, additional, Gauto, Irene, additional, Ghazi, Mirza Ghazanfar Ullah, additional, Godfrey, Stephanie S., additional, Gollock, Matthew, additional, González, Benito A., additional, Grant, Tandora D., additional, Gray, Thomas, additional, Gregory, Andrew J., additional, van Grunsven, Roy H.A., additional, Gryzenhout, Marieka, additional, Guernsey, Noelle C., additional, Gupta, Garima, additional, Hagen, Christina, additional, Hagen, Christian A., additional, Hall, Madison B., additional, Hallerman, Eric, additional, Hare, Kelly, additional, Hart, Tom, additional, Hartdegen, Ruston, additional, Harvey‐Brown, Yvette, additional, Hatfield, Richard, additional, Hawke, Tahneal, additional, Hermes, Claudia, additional, Hitchmough, Rod, additional, Hoffmann, Pablo Melo, additional, Howarth, Charlie, additional, Hudson, Michael A., additional, Hussain, Syed Ainul, additional, Huveneers, Charlie, additional, Jacques, Hélène, additional, Jorgensen, Dennis, additional, Katdare, Suyash, additional, Katsis, Lydia K.D., additional, Kaul, Rahul, additional, Kaunda‐Arara, Boaz, additional, Keith‐Diagne, Lucy, additional, Kraus, Daniel T., additional, de Lima, Thales Moreira, additional, Lindeman, Ken, additional, Linsky, Jean, additional, Louis, Edward, additional, Loy, Anna, additional, Lughadha, Eimear Nic, additional, Mangel, Jeffrey C., additional, Marinari, Paul E., additional, Martin, Gabriel M., additional, Martinelli, Gustavo, additional, McGowan, Philip J.K., additional, McInnes, Alistair, additional, Teles Barbosa Mendes, Eduardo, additional, Millard, Michael J., additional, Mirande, Claire, additional, Money, Daniel, additional, Monks, Joanne M., additional, Morales, Carolina Laura, additional, Mumu, Nazia Naoreen, additional, Negrao, Raquel, additional, Nguyen, Anh Ha, additional, Niloy, Md. Nazmul Hasan, additional, Norbury, Grant Leslie, additional, Nordmeyer, Cale, additional, Norris, Darren, additional, O'Brien, Mark, additional, Oda, Gabriela Akemi, additional, Orsenigo, Simone, additional, Outerbridge, Mark Evan, additional, Pasachnik, Stesha, additional, Pérez‐Jiménez, Juan Carlos, additional, Pike, Charlotte, additional, Pilkington, Fred, additional, Plumb, Glenn, additional, Portela, Rita de Cassia Quitete, additional, Prohaska, Ana, additional, Quintana, Manuel G., additional, Rakotondrasoa, Eddie Fanantenana, additional, Ranglack, Dustin H., additional, Rankou, Hassan, additional, Rawat, Ajay Prakash, additional, Reardon, James Thomas, additional, Rheingantz, Marcelo Lopes, additional, Richter, Stephen C., additional, Rivers, Malin C., additional, Rogers, Luke Rollie, additional, da Rosa, Patrícia, additional, Rose, Paul, additional, Royer, Emily, additional, Ryan, Catherine, additional, de Mitcheson, Yvonne J. Sadovy, additional, Salmon, Lily, additional, Salvador, Carlos Henrique, additional, Samways, Michael J., additional, Sanjuan, Tatiana, additional, Souza dos Santos, Amanda, additional, Sasaki, Hiroshi, additional, Schutz, Emmanuel, additional, Scott, Heather Ann, additional, Scott, Robert Michael, additional, Serena, Fabrizio, additional, Sharma, Surya P., additional, Shuey, John A., additional, Silva, Carlos Julio Polo, additional, Simaika, John P., additional, Smith, David R., additional, Spaet, Julia L.Y., additional, Sultana, Shanjida, additional, Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar, additional, Tatayah, Vikash, additional, Thomas, Philip, additional, Tringali, Angela, additional, Trinh‐Dinh, Hoang, additional, Tuboi, Chongpi, additional, Usmani, Aftab Alam, additional, Vasco‐Palacios, Aída M., additional, Vié, Jean‐Christophe, additional, Virens, Evelyn, additional, Walker, Alan, additional, Wallace, Bryan, additional, Waller, Lauren J., additional, Wang, Hongfeng, additional, Wearn, Oliver R., additional, van Weerd, Merlijn, additional, Weigmann, Simon, additional, Willcox, Daniel, additional, Woinarski, John, additional, Yong, Jean W.H., additional, and Young, Stuart, additional

Published
2021
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16. Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact

Author

Grace, Molly K., Akcakaya, H. Resit, Bennett, Elizabeth L., Brooks, Thomas M., Heath, Anna, Hedges, Simon, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hoffmann, Michael, Hochkirch, Axel, Jenkins, Richard, Keith, David A., Long, Barney, Mallon, David P., Meijaard, Erik, Milner-Gulland, E. J., Paul Rodriguez, Jon, Stephenson, P. J., Stuart, Simon N., Young, Richard P., Acebes, Pablo, Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Alvarez-Clare, Silvia, Arbetman, Marina, Azat, Claudio, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Badola, Ruchi, Barcelos, Luis M. D., Barreiros, Joao Pedro, Basak, Sayanti, Berger, Danielle J., Bhattacharyya, Sabuj, Bino, Gilad, Borges, Paulo A., Boughton, Raoul K., Brockmann, H. Jane, Buckley, Hannah L., Burfield, Ian J., Burton, James, Camacho-Badani, Teresa, Santiago Cano-Alonso, Luis, Carmichael, Ruth H., Carrero, Christina, P Carroll, John, Catsadorakis, Giorgos, Chapple, David G., Chapron, Guillaume, Chowdhury, Gawsia Wahidunnessa, Claassens, Louw, Cogoni, Donatella, Constantine, Rochelle, Craig, Christie Anne, Cunningham, Andrew A., Dahal, Nishma, Daltry, Jennifer C., Das, Goura Chandra, Dasgupta, Niladri, Davey, Alexandra, Davies, Katharine, Develey, Pedro, Elangovan, Vanitha, Fairclough, David, Di Febbraro, Mirko, Fenu, Giuseppe, Fernandes, Fernando Moreira, Fernandez, Eduardo Pinheiro, Finucci, Brittany, Foldesi, Rita, Foley, Catherine M., Ford, Matthew, Forstner, Michael R. J., Garcia-Sandoval, Ricardo, Gardner, Penny C., Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Gatan-Balbas, Marites, Gauto, Irene, Ghazi, Mirza Ghazanfar Ullah, Godfrey, Stephanie S., Gollock, Matthew, Gonzalez, Benito A., Grant, Tandora D., Gray, Thomas, Gregory, Andrew J., van Grunsven, Roy H. A., Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guernsey, Noelle C., Gupta, Garima, Hagen, Christina, Hagen, Christian A., Hall, Madison B., Hallerman, Eric, Hare, Kelly, Hart, Tom, Hartdegen, Ruston, Harvey-Brown, Yvette, Hatfield, Richard, Hawke, Tahneal, Hermes, Claudia, Hitchmough, Rod, Hoffmann, Pablo Melo, Howarth, Charlie, Hudson, Michael A., Hussain, Syed Ainul, Huveneers, Charlie, Jacques, Helene, Jorgensen, Dennis, Katdare, Suyash, Katsis, Lydia K. D., Kaul, Rahul, Kaunda-Arara, Boaz, Keith-Diagne, Lucy, Kraus, Daniel T., de Lima, Thales Moreira, Lindeman, Ken, Linsky, Jean, Louis, Edward, Loy, Anna, Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Mangel, Jeffrey C., Marinari, Paul E., Martin, Gabriel M., Martinelli, Gustavo, McGowan, Philip J. K., McInnes, Alistair, Mendes, Eduardo Teles Barbosa, Millard, Michael J., Mirande, Claire, Money, Daniel, Monks, Joanne M., Laura Morales, Carolina, Mumu, Nazia Naoreen, Negrao, Raquel, Niloy, Md Nazmul Hasan, Nguyen, Anh Ha, Norbury, Grant Leslie, Nordmeyer, Cale, O'Brien, Mark, Oda, Gabriela Akemi, Orsenigo, Simone, Pasachnik, Stesha, Perez-Jimenez, Juan Carlos, Pike, Charlotte, Pilkington, Fred, Plumb, Glenn, Portela, Rita de Cassia Quitete, Prohaska, Ana, Quintana, Manuel G., Rakotondrasoa, Eddie Fanantenana, Rankou, Hassan, Rawat, Ajay Prakash, Reardon, James Thomas, Rheingantz, Marcelo Lopes, Richter, Stephen C., Rivers, Malin C., da Rosa, Patricia, Rose, Paul, Royer, Emily, Ryan, Catherine, de Mitcheson, Yvonne J. Sadovy, Salmon, Lily, Salvador, Carlos Henrique, Samways, Michael J., Sanjuan, Tatiana, Dos Santos, Amanda Souza, Sasaki, Hiroshi, Schutz, Emmanuel, Scott, Heather Ann, Scott, Robert Michael, Serena, Fabrizio, Sharma, Surya P., Shuey, John A., Silva, Carlos Julio Polo, Simaika, John P., Smith, David R., Spaet, Julia L. Y., Sultana, Shanjida, Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar, Tatayah, Vikash, Thomas, Philip, Tringali, Angela, Tuboi, Chongpi, Hoang, Trinh-Dinh, Usmani, Aftab Alam, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M., Vie, Jean-Christophe, Virens, Jo, Walker, Alan, Wallace, Bryan, Waller, Lauren J., Wang, Hongfeng, Wearn, Oliver R., van Weerd, Merlijn, Weigmann, Simon, Willcox, Daniel, Woinarski, John, Yong, Jean W.H., and Young, Stuart

Subjects
Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Biological Systematics
Abstract

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard.

Published
2021

17. Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact

Author

Grace, Molly K, Akcakaya, H Resit, Bennett, Elizabeth L, Brooks, Thomas M, Heath, Anna, Hedges, Simon, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hoffmann, Michael, Hochkirch, Axel, Jenkins, Richard, Keith, David A, Long, Barney, Mallon, David P, Meijaard, Erik, Milner-Gulland, E.J., Rodriguez, Jon Paul, Stephenson, P J, Stuart, Simon N, Young, Richard P, Acebes, Pablo, Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Alvarez-Clare, Silvia, Andriantsimanarilafy, Raphali Rodlis, Arbetman, Marina, Azat, Claudio, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Badola, Ruchi, Barcelos, Luis M.D., Barreiros, Joao Pedro, Basak, Sayanti, Berger, Danielle J, Bhattacharyya, Sabuj, Bino, Gilad, Borges, Paulo A.V., Boughton, Raoul K, Brockmann, H Jane, Buckley, Hannah L, Burfield, Ian J, Burton, James, Camacho-Badani, Teresa, Cano-Alonso, Luis Santiago, Carmichael, Ruth H, Carrero, Christina, Carroll, John P, Catsadorakis, Giorgos, Chapple, David G, Chapron, Guillaume, Chowdhury, Gawsia Wahidunnessa, Claassens, Louw, Cogoni, Donatella, Constantine, Rochelle, Craig, Christie Anne, Cunningham, Andrew A, Dahal, Nishma, Daltry, Jennifer C, Das, Goura Chandra, Dasgupta, Niladri, Davey, Alexandra, Davies, Katharine, Develey, Pedro, Elangovan, Vanitha, Fairclough, David, Febbraro, Mirko Di, Fenu, Giuseppe, Fernandes, Fernando Moreira, Fernandez, Eduardo Pinheiro, Finucci, Brittany, Foldesi, Rita, Foley, Catherine M, Ford, Matthew, Forstner, Michael R.J., Garcia, Nestor, Garcia-Sandoval, Ricardo, Gardner, Penny C, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Gatan-Balbas, Marites, Gauto, Irene, Ullah Ghazi, Mirza Ghazanfar, Godfrey, Stephanie S, Gollock, Matthew, Gonzalez, Benito A, Grant, Tandora D, Gray, Thomas, Gregory, Andrew J, van Grunsven, Roy H.A., Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guernsey, Noelle C, Gupta, Garima, Hagen, Christina, Hagen, Christian A, Hall, Madison B, Hallerman, Eric, Hare, Kelly, Hart, Tom, Hartdegen, Ruston, Harvey-Brown, Yvette, Hatfield, Richard, Hawke, Tahneal, Hermes, Claudia, Hitchmough, Rod, Hoffmann, Pablo Melo, Howarth, Charlie, Hudson, Michael A, Hussain, Syed Ainul, Huveneers, Charlie, Jacques, Helene, Jorgensen, Dennis, Katdare, Suyash, Katsis, Lydia K.D., Kaul, Rahul, Kaundra-Arara, Boaz, Keith-Diagne, Lucy, Kraus, Daniel T, de Lima, Thales Moreira, Lindeman, Ken, Linsky, Jean, Louis, Edward, Jr., Loy, Anna, Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Mangel, Jeffrey C, Marinari, Paul E, Martin, Gabriel M, Martinelli, Gustavo, McGowan, Philip J.K., McInnes, Alistair, Mendes, Eduardo Teles Barbosa, Millard, Michael J, Mirande, Claire, Money, Daniel, Monks, Joanne M, Morales, Carolina Laura, Mumu, Nazia Noareen, Negrao, Raquel, Nguyen, Anh Ha, Niloy, Nazmul Hasan, Md., Norbury, Grant Leslie, Nordmeyer, Cale, Norris, Darren, O'Brien, Mark, Oda, Gabriela Akemi, Orsengio, Simone, Outerbridge, Mark Evan, Pasachnik, Stesha, Perez-Jimenez, Juan Carlos, Pike, Charlotte, Pilkington, Fred, Plumb, Glenn, Quitete Portela, Rita de Cassia, Prohaska, Ana, Quintana, Manuel G, Rakotondrasoa, Eddie Fanantenana, Ranglack, Dustin H, Rankou, Hassan, Rawat, Ajay Prakash, Reardon, James Thomas, Rheingantz, Marcelo Lopes, Richter, Stephen C, Rivers, Malin C, Rogers, Luke Rollie, Rosa, Patricia Da, Rose, Paul, Royer, Emily, Ryan, Catherine, Sadovy de Mitcheson, Yvonne J, Salmon, Lily, Salvador, Carlos Henrique, Samways, Michael J, Sanjuan, Tatiana, Souza dos Santos, Amanda, Sasaki, Hiroshi, Shutz, Emmanuel, Scott, Heather Ann, Scott, Robert Michael, Serena, Fabrizio, Sharma, Surya P, Shuey, John A, Silva, Carlos Julio Polo, Simaika, John P, Smith, David R, Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sultana, Shanjida, Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar, Tatayah, Vikash, Thomas, Philip, Tringali, Angela, Trinh-Dinh, Hoang, Tuboi, Chongpi, Usami, Aftab Alam, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M, Vie, Jean-Christophe, Virens, Jo, Walker, Alan, Wallace, Bryan, Waller, Lauren J, Wang, Hongfeng, Wearn, Oliver R, Weerd, Merlijin van, Weigmann, Simon, Willcox, Daniel, Woinarski, John, Yong, Jean W.H., Young, Stuart, Grace, Molly K, Akcakaya, H Resit, Bennett, Elizabeth L, Brooks, Thomas M, Heath, Anna, Hedges, Simon, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hoffmann, Michael, Hochkirch, Axel, Jenkins, Richard, Keith, David A, Long, Barney, Mallon, David P, Meijaard, Erik, Milner-Gulland, E.J., Rodriguez, Jon Paul, Stephenson, P J, Stuart, Simon N, Young, Richard P, Acebes, Pablo, Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Alvarez-Clare, Silvia, Andriantsimanarilafy, Raphali Rodlis, Arbetman, Marina, Azat, Claudio, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Badola, Ruchi, Barcelos, Luis M.D., Barreiros, Joao Pedro, Basak, Sayanti, Berger, Danielle J, Bhattacharyya, Sabuj, Bino, Gilad, Borges, Paulo A.V., Boughton, Raoul K, Brockmann, H Jane, Buckley, Hannah L, Burfield, Ian J, Burton, James, Camacho-Badani, Teresa, Cano-Alonso, Luis Santiago, Carmichael, Ruth H, Carrero, Christina, Carroll, John P, Catsadorakis, Giorgos, Chapple, David G, Chapron, Guillaume, Chowdhury, Gawsia Wahidunnessa, Claassens, Louw, Cogoni, Donatella, Constantine, Rochelle, Craig, Christie Anne, Cunningham, Andrew A, Dahal, Nishma, Daltry, Jennifer C, Das, Goura Chandra, Dasgupta, Niladri, Davey, Alexandra, Davies, Katharine, Develey, Pedro, Elangovan, Vanitha, Fairclough, David, Febbraro, Mirko Di, Fenu, Giuseppe, Fernandes, Fernando Moreira, Fernandez, Eduardo Pinheiro, Finucci, Brittany, Foldesi, Rita, Foley, Catherine M, Ford, Matthew, Forstner, Michael R.J., Garcia, Nestor, Garcia-Sandoval, Ricardo, Gardner, Penny C, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Gatan-Balbas, Marites, Gauto, Irene, Ullah Ghazi, Mirza Ghazanfar, Godfrey, Stephanie S, Gollock, Matthew, Gonzalez, Benito A, Grant, Tandora D, Gray, Thomas, Gregory, Andrew J, van Grunsven, Roy H.A., Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guernsey, Noelle C, Gupta, Garima, Hagen, Christina, Hagen, Christian A, Hall, Madison B, Hallerman, Eric, Hare, Kelly, Hart, Tom, Hartdegen, Ruston, Harvey-Brown, Yvette, Hatfield, Richard, Hawke, Tahneal, Hermes, Claudia, Hitchmough, Rod, Hoffmann, Pablo Melo, Howarth, Charlie, Hudson, Michael A, Hussain, Syed Ainul, Huveneers, Charlie, Jacques, Helene, Jorgensen, Dennis, Katdare, Suyash, Katsis, Lydia K.D., Kaul, Rahul, Kaundra-Arara, Boaz, Keith-Diagne, Lucy, Kraus, Daniel T, de Lima, Thales Moreira, Lindeman, Ken, Linsky, Jean, Louis, Edward, Jr., Loy, Anna, Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Mangel, Jeffrey C, Marinari, Paul E, Martin, Gabriel M, Martinelli, Gustavo, McGowan, Philip J.K., McInnes, Alistair, Mendes, Eduardo Teles Barbosa, Millard, Michael J, Mirande, Claire, Money, Daniel, Monks, Joanne M, Morales, Carolina Laura, Mumu, Nazia Noareen, Negrao, Raquel, Nguyen, Anh Ha, Niloy, Nazmul Hasan, Md., Norbury, Grant Leslie, Nordmeyer, Cale, Norris, Darren, O'Brien, Mark, Oda, Gabriela Akemi, Orsengio, Simone, Outerbridge, Mark Evan, Pasachnik, Stesha, Perez-Jimenez, Juan Carlos, Pike, Charlotte, Pilkington, Fred, Plumb, Glenn, Quitete Portela, Rita de Cassia, Prohaska, Ana, Quintana, Manuel G, Rakotondrasoa, Eddie Fanantenana, Ranglack, Dustin H, Rankou, Hassan, Rawat, Ajay Prakash, Reardon, James Thomas, Rheingantz, Marcelo Lopes, Richter, Stephen C, Rivers, Malin C, Rogers, Luke Rollie, Rosa, Patricia Da, Rose, Paul, Royer, Emily, Ryan, Catherine, Sadovy de Mitcheson, Yvonne J, Salmon, Lily, Salvador, Carlos Henrique, Samways, Michael J, Sanjuan, Tatiana, Souza dos Santos, Amanda, Sasaki, Hiroshi, Shutz, Emmanuel, Scott, Heather Ann, Scott, Robert Michael, Serena, Fabrizio, Sharma, Surya P, Shuey, John A, Silva, Carlos Julio Polo, Simaika, John P, Smith, David R, Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sultana, Shanjida, Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar, Tatayah, Vikash, Thomas, Philip, Tringali, Angela, Trinh-Dinh, Hoang, Tuboi, Chongpi, Usami, Aftab Alam, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M, Vie, Jean-Christophe, Virens, Jo, Walker, Alan, Wallace, Bryan, Waller, Lauren J, Wang, Hongfeng, Wearn, Oliver R, Weerd, Merlijin van, Weigmann, Simon, Willcox, Daniel, Woinarski, John, Yong, Jean W.H., and Young, Stuart

Abstract

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species’ viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species’ recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has

Published
2021

22. The global need to address threats from invasive alien iguanas

Author

Knapp, Charles R., primary, Grant, Tandora D., additional, Pasachnik, Stesha A., additional, Angin, Baptiste, additional, Boman, Erik, additional, Brisbane, Jeanelle, additional, Buckner, Sandra D., additional, Haakonsson, Jane E., additional, Harlow, Peter S., additional, Mukhida, Farah, additional, Thomas‐Moko, Nunia, additional, Burg, Matthijs P., additional, and Wasilewski, Joseph A., additional

Published
2020
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23. Occurrence of pygmy salamanders (Desmognathus wrighti) in Monroe County, Tennessee

Author

Reynolds, R. Graham, Niemiller, Matthew L., and Pasachnik, Stesha A.

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Science and technology
Abstract

ABSTRACT--The pygmy salamander (Desmognathus wrighti) is a small terrestrial salamander found in high elevation mixed deciduous and spruce-fir forest habitats along the border of Tennessee and North Carolina. In Tennessee, [...]

Published
2011

25. The global need to address threats from invasive alien iguanas.

Author

Knapp, Charles R., Grant, Tandora D., Pasachnik, Stesha A., Angin, Baptiste, Boman, Erik, Brisbane, Jeanelle, Buckner, Sandra D., Haakonsson, Jane E., Harlow, Peter S., Mukhida, Farah, Thomas‐Moko, Nunia, van den Burg, Matthijs P., and Wasilewski, Joseph A.

Subjects
IGUANAS, BIOLOGICAL invasions, PLANT invasions, LEGAL judgments
Abstract

Invasive iguanas now also pose an existential threat to native iguana species through displacement and introgressive hybridization (Vuillaume I et al i ., 2015; Moss I et al i ., 2018). Common Green Iguanas ( I Iguana iguana i ) and Spiny-tailed Iguanas ( I Ctenosaura similis i and I C. pectinata i ) are native to Neotropical regions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2021
Full Text
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26. Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market

Author

Auliya, Mark, primary, Altherr, Sandra, additional, Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel, additional, Baard, Ernst H., additional, Brown, Carl, additional, Brown, Rafe M., additional, Cantu, Juan-Carlos, additional, Gentile, Gabriele, additional, Gildenhuys, Paul, additional, Henningheim, Evert, additional, Hintzmann, Jürgen, additional, Kanari, Kahoru, additional, Krvavac, Milivoje, additional, Lettink, Marieke, additional, Lippert, Jörg, additional, Luiselli, Luca, additional, Nilson, Göran, additional, Nguyen, Truong Quang, additional, Nijman, Vincent, additional, Parham, James F., additional, Pasachnik, Stesha A., additional, Pedrono, Miguel, additional, Rauhaus, Anna, additional, Córdova, Danny Rueda, additional, Sanchez, Maria-Elena, additional, Schepp, Ulrich, additional, van Schingen, Mona, additional, Schneeweiss, Norbert, additional, Segniagbeto, Gabriel H., additional, Somaweera, Ruchira, additional, Sy, Emerson Y., additional, Türkozan, Oguz, additional, Vinke, Sabine, additional, Vinke, Thomas, additional, Vyas, Raju, additional, Williamson, Stuart, additional, and Ziegler, Thomas, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
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27. Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market

Author

Auliya, Mark, Altherr, Sandra, Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel, Baard, Ernst H., Brown, Carl, Brown, Rafe M., Cantu, Juan-Carlos, Gentile, Gabriele, Gildenhuys, Paul, Henningheim, Evert, Hintzmann, Juergen, Kanari, Kahoru, Krvavac, Milivoje, Lettink, Marieke, Lippert, Joerg, Luiselli, Luca, Nilson, Goran, Nijman, Vincent, Parham, James F., Pasachnik, Stesha A., Pedrono, Miguel, Rauhaus, Anna, Cordova, Danny Rueda, Sanchez, Maria-Elena, Schepp, Ulrich, van Schingen, Mona, Schneeweiss, Norbert, Segniagbeto, Gabriel H., Somaweera, Ruchira, Sy, Emerson Y., Turkozan, Oguz, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vyas, Raju, Williamson, Stuart, Ziegler, Thomas, Auliya, Mark, Altherr, Sandra, Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel, Baard, Ernst H., Brown, Carl, Brown, Rafe M., Cantu, Juan-Carlos, Gentile, Gabriele, Gildenhuys, Paul, Henningheim, Evert, Hintzmann, Juergen, Kanari, Kahoru, Krvavac, Milivoje, Lettink, Marieke, Lippert, Joerg, Luiselli, Luca, Nilson, Goran, Nijman, Vincent, Parham, James F., Pasachnik, Stesha A., Pedrono, Miguel, Rauhaus, Anna, Cordova, Danny Rueda, Sanchez, Maria-Elena, Schepp, Ulrich, van Schingen, Mona, Schneeweiss, Norbert, Segniagbeto, Gabriel H., Somaweera, Ruchira, Sy, Emerson Y., Turkozan, Oguz, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vyas, Raju, Williamson, Stuart, and Ziegler, Thomas

Abstract

Of the 10,272 currently recognized reptile species, the trade of fewer than 8% are regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the European Wildlife Trade Regulations (EWTR). However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List has assessed 45% of the world's reptile species and determined that at least 1390 species are threatened by biological resource use. Of these, 355 species are intentionally targeted by collectors, including 194 non-CITES-listed species. Herein we review the global reptile pet trade, its impacts, and its contribution to the over-harvesting of species and populations, in light of current international law. Findings are based on an examination of relevant professional observations, online sources, and literature (e.g., applicable policies, taxonomy [reptile database], trade statistics [EUROSTAT], and conservation status [IUCN Red List]). Case studies are presented from the following countries and regions: Australia, Central America, China, Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Germany, Europe, India, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Western Africa, and Western Asia. The European Union (EU) plays a major role in reptile trade. Between 2004 and 2014 (the period under study), the EU member states officially reported the import of 20,788,747 live reptiles. This review suggests that illegal trade activities involve species regulated under CITES, as well as species that are not CITES-regulated but nationally protected in their country of origin and often openly offered for sale in the EU. Further, these case studies demonstrate that regulations and enforcement in several countries are inadequate to prevent the overexploitation of species and to halt illegal trade activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

29. An evaluation of the diet of Cyclura iguanas in the Dominican Republic.

Author

PASACHNIK, STESHA ANN and MARTIN-VELEZ, VICTOR

Subjects
*CYCLURA, *ENDANGERED species, *HABITAT conservation, *RESTORATION ecology
Abstract

Understanding the diet of endangered species can benefit conservation efforts that involve habitat preservation and restoration. Caribbean rock iguanas, Cyclura spp., are among the most endangered lizards in the world, yet little is known about the diets of many of these species. In particular, the diets of the Rhinoceros rock iguana, Cyclura cornuta, and Ricord's rock iguana, C. ricordii, from the Dominican Republic, are poorly understood. Here we present diet information from scat analyses of these two threatened endemic species. We report on a variety of new dietary items and identify seasonal core plant species (Consolea moniliformis, Stenocereus hystrix, Ximeniopsis horridus, Capparis flexuosa and Acacia sp.). Cyclura from the Dominican Republic are generalist herbivores, although animal matter is consumed at times and preference for particular vegetation exists. Variation in diet likely exists between the two species and is discussed. The information presented here advances our understanding of the ecology of these two species and will aid in management decisions and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

32. The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Author

Böhm, Monika, Collen, Ben, Baillie, Jonathan E. M., Bowles, Philip, Chanson, Janice, Cox, Neil, Hammerson, Geoffrey, Hoffmann, Michael, Livingstone, Suzanne R., Ram, Mala, Rhodin, Anders G. J., Stuart, Simon N., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Young, Bruce E., Afuang, Leticia E., Aghasyan, Aram, García, Andrés, Aguilar, César, Ajtic, Rastko, Akarsu, Ferdi, Alencar, Laura R. V., Allison, Allen, Ananjeva, Natalia, Anderson, Steve, Andrén, Claes, Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel, Arredondo, Juan Camilo, Auliya, Mark, Austin, Christopher C., Avci, Aziz, Baker, Patrick J., Barreto-Lima, André F., Barrio-Amorós, César L., Basu, Dhruvayothi, Bates, Michael F., Batistella, Alexandre, Bauer, Aaron, Bennett, Daniel, Böhme, Wolfgang, Broadley, Don, Brown, Rafe, Burgess, Joseph, Captain, Ashok, Carreira, Santiago, Castañeda, Maria del Rosario, Castro, Fernando, Catenazzi, Alessandro, Cedeño-Vázquez, José R., Chapple, David G., Cheylan, Marc, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Cogalniceanu, Dan, Cogger, Hal, Corti, Claudia, Costa, Gabriel C., Couper, Patrick J., Courtney, Tony, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka, Crochet, Pierre-André, Crother, Brian, Cruz, Felix, Daltry, Jennifer C., Daniels, R. J. Ranjit, Das, Indraneil, de Silva, Anslem, Diesmos, Arvin C., Dirksen, Lutz, Doan, Tiffany M., Dodd Jr, C. Kenneth, Doody, J. Sean, Dorcas, Michael E., Duarte de Barros Filho, Jose, Egan, Vincent T., El Mouden, El Hassan, Embert, Dirk, Espinoza, Robert E., Fallabrino, Alejandro, Feng, Xie, Feng, Zhao-Jun, Fitzgerald, Lee, Flores-Villela, Oscar, França, Frederico G. R., Frost, Darrell, Gadsden, Hector, Gamble, Tony, Ganesh, S. R., Garcia, Miguel A., García-Pérez, Juan E., Gatus, Joey, Gaulke, Maren, Geniez, Philippe, Georges, Arthur, Gerlach, Justin, Goldberg, Stephen, Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T., Gower, David J., Grant, Tandora, Greenbaum, Eli, Grieco, Cristina, Guo, Peng, Hamilton, Alison M., Hare, Kelly, Hedges, S. Blair, Heideman, Neil, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hitchmough, Rod, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hutchinson, Mark, Ineich, Ivan, Iverson, John, Jaksic, Fabian M., Jenkins, Richard, Joger, Ulrich, Jose, Reizl, Kaska, Yakup, Kaya, Uğur, Keogh, J. Scott, Köhler, Gunther, Kuchling, Gerald, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Kwet, Axel, La Marca, Enrique, Lamar, William, Lane, Amanda, Lardner, Bjorn, Latta, Craig, Latta, Gabrielle, Lau, Michael, Lavin, Pablo, Lawson, Dwight, LeBreton, Matthew, Lehr, Edgar, Limpus, Duncan, Lipczynski, Nicola, Lobo, Aaron S., López-Luna, Marco A., Luiselli, Luca, Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi, Lundberg, Mikael, Lymberakis, Petros, Macey, Robert, Magnusson, William E., Mahler, D. Luke, Malhotra, Anita, Mariaux, Jean, Maritz, Bryan, Marques, Otavio A. V., Márquez, Rafael, Martins, Marcio, Masterson, Gavin, Mateo, José A., Mathew, Rosamma, Mathews, Nixon, Mayer, Gregory, McCranie, James R., Measey, G. John, Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando, Menegon, Michele, Métrailler, Sébastien, Milton, David A., Montgomery, Chad, Morato, Sérgio A. A., Mott, Tami, Muñoz-Alonso, Antonio, Murphy, John, Nguyen, Truong Q., Nilson, Göran, Nogueira, Cristiano, Núñez, Herman, Orlov, Nikolai, Ota, Hidetoshi, Ottenwalder, José, Papenfuss, Theodore, Pasachnik, Stesha, Passos, Paulo, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Pérez-Buitrago, Néstor, Pérez-Mellado, Valentín, Pianka, Eric R., Pleguezuelos, Juan, Pollock, Caroline, Ponce-Campos, Paulino, Powell, Robert, Pupin, Fabio, Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E., Radder, Raju, Ramer, Jan, Rasmussen, Arne R., Raxworthy, Chris, Reynolds, Robert, Richman, Nadia, Rico, Edmund L., Riservato, Elisa, Rivas, Gilson, da Rocha, Pedro L. B., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes, Roosenburg, Willem M., Ross, James P., Sadek, Riyad, Sanders, Kate, Santos-Barrera, Georgina, Schleich, Hermann H., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Schmitz, Andreas, Sharifi, Mozafar, Shea, Glenn, Shi, Hai-Tao, Shine, Richard, Sindaco, Roberto, Slimani, Tahar, Somaweera, Ruchira, Spawls, Steve, Stafford, Peter, Stuebing, Rob, Sweet, Sam, Sy, Emerson, Temple, Helen J., Tognelli, Marcelo F., Tolley, Krystal, Tolson, Peter J., Tuniyev, Boris, Tuniyev, Sako, Üzüm, Nazan, van Buurt, Gerard, Van Sluys, Monique, Velasco, Alvaro, Vences, Miguel, Veselý, Milan, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vogel, Gernot, Vogrin, Milan, Vogt, Richard C., Wearn, Oliver R., Werner, Yehudah L., Whiting, Martin J., Wiewandt, Thomas, Wilkinson, John, Wilson, Byron, Wren, Sally, Zamin, Tara, Zhou, Kaiya, Zug, George, Böhm, Monika, Collen, Ben, Baillie, Jonathan E. M., Bowles, Philip, Chanson, Janice, Cox, Neil, Hammerson, Geoffrey, Hoffmann, Michael, Livingstone, Suzanne R., Ram, Mala, Rhodin, Anders G. J., Stuart, Simon N., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Young, Bruce E., Afuang, Leticia E., Aghasyan, Aram, García, Andrés, Aguilar, César, Ajtic, Rastko, Akarsu, Ferdi, Alencar, Laura R. V., Allison, Allen, Ananjeva, Natalia, Anderson, Steve, Andrén, Claes, Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel, Arredondo, Juan Camilo, Auliya, Mark, Austin, Christopher C., Avci, Aziz, Baker, Patrick J., Barreto-Lima, André F., Barrio-Amorós, César L., Basu, Dhruvayothi, Bates, Michael F., Batistella, Alexandre, Bauer, Aaron, Bennett, Daniel, Böhme, Wolfgang, Broadley, Don, Brown, Rafe, Burgess, Joseph, Captain, Ashok, Carreira, Santiago, Castañeda, Maria del Rosario, Castro, Fernando, Catenazzi, Alessandro, Cedeño-Vázquez, José R., Chapple, David G., Cheylan, Marc, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Cogalniceanu, Dan, Cogger, Hal, Corti, Claudia, Costa, Gabriel C., Couper, Patrick J., Courtney, Tony, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka, Crochet, Pierre-André, Crother, Brian, Cruz, Felix, Daltry, Jennifer C., Daniels, R. J. Ranjit, Das, Indraneil, de Silva, Anslem, Diesmos, Arvin C., Dirksen, Lutz, Doan, Tiffany M., Dodd Jr, C. Kenneth, Doody, J. Sean, Dorcas, Michael E., Duarte de Barros Filho, Jose, Egan, Vincent T., El Mouden, El Hassan, Embert, Dirk, Espinoza, Robert E., Fallabrino, Alejandro, Feng, Xie, Feng, Zhao-Jun, Fitzgerald, Lee, Flores-Villela, Oscar, França, Frederico G. R., Frost, Darrell, Gadsden, Hector, Gamble, Tony, Ganesh, S. R., Garcia, Miguel A., García-Pérez, Juan E., Gatus, Joey, Gaulke, Maren, Geniez, Philippe, Georges, Arthur, Gerlach, Justin, Goldberg, Stephen, Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T., Gower, David J., Grant, Tandora, Greenbaum, Eli, Grieco, Cristina, Guo, Peng, Hamilton, Alison M., Hare, Kelly, Hedges, S. Blair, Heideman, Neil, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hitchmough, Rod, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hutchinson, Mark, Ineich, Ivan, Iverson, John, Jaksic, Fabian M., Jenkins, Richard, Joger, Ulrich, Jose, Reizl, Kaska, Yakup, Kaya, Uğur, Keogh, J. Scott, Köhler, Gunther, Kuchling, Gerald, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Kwet, Axel, La Marca, Enrique, Lamar, William, Lane, Amanda, Lardner, Bjorn, Latta, Craig, Latta, Gabrielle, Lau, Michael, Lavin, Pablo, Lawson, Dwight, LeBreton, Matthew, Lehr, Edgar, Limpus, Duncan, Lipczynski, Nicola, Lobo, Aaron S., López-Luna, Marco A., Luiselli, Luca, Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi, Lundberg, Mikael, Lymberakis, Petros, Macey, Robert, Magnusson, William E., Mahler, D. Luke, Malhotra, Anita, Mariaux, Jean, Maritz, Bryan, Marques, Otavio A. V., Márquez, Rafael, Martins, Marcio, Masterson, Gavin, Mateo, José A., Mathew, Rosamma, Mathews, Nixon, Mayer, Gregory, McCranie, James R., Measey, G. John, Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando, Menegon, Michele, Métrailler, Sébastien, Milton, David A., Montgomery, Chad, Morato, Sérgio A. A., Mott, Tami, Muñoz-Alonso, Antonio, Murphy, John, Nguyen, Truong Q., Nilson, Göran, Nogueira, Cristiano, Núñez, Herman, Orlov, Nikolai, Ota, Hidetoshi, Ottenwalder, José, Papenfuss, Theodore, Pasachnik, Stesha, Passos, Paulo, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Pérez-Buitrago, Néstor, Pérez-Mellado, Valentín, Pianka, Eric R., Pleguezuelos, Juan, Pollock, Caroline, Ponce-Campos, Paulino, Powell, Robert, Pupin, Fabio, Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E., Radder, Raju, Ramer, Jan, Rasmussen, Arne R., Raxworthy, Chris, Reynolds, Robert, Richman, Nadia, Rico, Edmund L., Riservato, Elisa, Rivas, Gilson, da Rocha, Pedro L. B., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes, Roosenburg, Willem M., Ross, James P., Sadek, Riyad, Sanders, Kate, Santos-Barrera, Georgina, Schleich, Hermann H., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Schmitz, Andreas, Sharifi, Mozafar, Shea, Glenn, Shi, Hai-Tao, Shine, Richard, Sindaco, Roberto, Slimani, Tahar, Somaweera, Ruchira, Spawls, Steve, Stafford, Peter, Stuebing, Rob, Sweet, Sam, Sy, Emerson, Temple, Helen J., Tognelli, Marcelo F., Tolley, Krystal, Tolson, Peter J., Tuniyev, Boris, Tuniyev, Sako, Üzüm, Nazan, van Buurt, Gerard, Van Sluys, Monique, Velasco, Alvaro, Vences, Miguel, Veselý, Milan, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vogel, Gernot, Vogrin, Milan, Vogt, Richard C., Wearn, Oliver R., Werner, Yehudah L., Whiting, Martin J., Wiewandt, Thomas, Wilkinson, John, Wilson, Byron, Wren, Sally, Zamin, Tara, Zhou, Kaiya, and Zug, George

Abstract

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles.

Published
2013

34. The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Author

Böhm, Monika, primary, Collen, Ben, additional, Baillie, Jonathan E.M., additional, Bowles, Philip, additional, Chanson, Janice, additional, Cox, Neil, additional, Hammerson, Geoffrey, additional, Hoffmann, Michael, additional, Livingstone, Suzanne R., additional, Ram, Mala, additional, Rhodin, Anders G.J., additional, Stuart, Simon N., additional, van Dijk, Peter Paul, additional, Young, Bruce E., additional, Afuang, Leticia E., additional, Aghasyan, Aram, additional, García, Andrés, additional, Aguilar, César, additional, Ajtic, Rastko, additional, Akarsu, Ferdi, additional, Alencar, Laura R.V., additional, Allison, Allen, additional, Ananjeva, Natalia, additional, Anderson, Steve, additional, Andrén, Claes, additional, Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel, additional, Arredondo, Juan Camilo, additional, Auliya, Mark, additional, Austin, Christopher C., additional, Avci, Aziz, additional, Baker, Patrick J., additional, Barreto-Lima, André F., additional, Barrio-Amorós, César L., additional, Basu, Dhruvayothi, additional, Bates, Michael F., additional, Batistella, Alexandre, additional, Bauer, Aaron, additional, Bennett, Daniel, additional, Böhme, Wolfgang, additional, Broadley, Don, additional, Brown, Rafe, additional, Burgess, Joseph, additional, Captain, Ashok, additional, Carreira, Santiago, additional, Castañeda, Maria del Rosario, additional, Castro, Fernando, additional, Catenazzi, Alessandro, additional, Cedeño-Vázquez, José R., additional, Chapple, David G., additional, Cheylan, Marc, additional, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., additional, Cogalniceanu, Dan, additional, Cogger, Hal, additional, Corti, Claudia, additional, Costa, Gabriel C., additional, Couper, Patrick J., additional, Courtney, Tony, additional, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka, additional, Crochet, Pierre-André, additional, Crother, Brian, additional, Cruz, Felix, additional, Daltry, Jennifer C., additional, Daniels, R.J. Ranjit, additional, Das, Indraneil, additional, de Silva, Anslem, additional, Diesmos, Arvin C., additional, Dirksen, Lutz, additional, Doan, Tiffany M., additional, Dodd, C. Kenneth, additional, Doody, J. Sean, additional, Dorcas, Michael E., additional, Duarte de Barros Filho, Jose, additional, Egan, Vincent T., additional, El Mouden, El Hassan, additional, Embert, Dirk, additional, Espinoza, Robert E., additional, Fallabrino, Alejandro, additional, Feng, Xie, additional, Feng, Zhao-Jun, additional, Fitzgerald, Lee, additional, Flores-Villela, Oscar, additional, França, Frederico G.R., additional, Frost, Darrell, additional, Gadsden, Hector, additional, Gamble, Tony, additional, Ganesh, S.R., additional, Garcia, Miguel A., additional, García-Pérez, Juan E., additional, Gatus, Joey, additional, Gaulke, Maren, additional, Geniez, Philippe, additional, Georges, Arthur, additional, Gerlach, Justin, additional, Goldberg, Stephen, additional, Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T., additional, Gower, David J., additional, Grant, Tandora, additional, Greenbaum, Eli, additional, Grieco, Cristina, additional, Guo, Peng, additional, Hamilton, Alison M., additional, Hare, Kelly, additional, Hedges, S. Blair, additional, Heideman, Neil, additional, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, additional, Hitchmough, Rod, additional, Hollingsworth, Bradford, additional, Hutchinson, Mark, additional, Ineich, Ivan, additional, Iverson, John, additional, Jaksic, Fabian M., additional, Jenkins, Richard, additional, Joger, Ulrich, additional, Jose, Reizl, additional, Kaska, Yakup, additional, Kaya, Uğur, additional, Keogh, J. Scott, additional, Köhler, Gunther, additional, Kuchling, Gerald, additional, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, additional, Kwet, Axel, additional, La Marca, Enrique, additional, Lamar, William, additional, Lane, Amanda, additional, Lardner, Bjorn, additional, Latta, Craig, additional, Latta, Gabrielle, additional, Lau, Michael, additional, Lavin, Pablo, additional, Lawson, Dwight, additional, LeBreton, Matthew, additional, Lehr, Edgar, additional, Limpus, Duncan, additional, Lipczynski, Nicola, additional, Lobo, Aaron S., additional, López-Luna, Marco A., additional, Luiselli, Luca, additional, Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi, additional, Lundberg, Mikael, additional, Lymberakis, Petros, additional, Macey, Robert, additional, Magnusson, William E., additional, Mahler, D. Luke, additional, Malhotra, Anita, additional, Mariaux, Jean, additional, Maritz, Bryan, additional, Marques, Otavio A.V., additional, Márquez, Rafael, additional, Martins, Marcio, additional, Masterson, Gavin, additional, Mateo, José A., additional, Mathew, Rosamma, additional, Mathews, Nixon, additional, Mayer, Gregory, additional, McCranie, James R., additional, Measey, G. 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Published
2013
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35. Piebaldism in Roatán Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura oedirhina.

Author

GOODE, ASHLEY B. C. and PASACHNIK, STESHA A.

Subjects
*REPTILE color, *ANIMAL coloration, *LEUCISM, *IGUANAS, *ANIMAL pigments
Abstract

Abnormal colouration has been reported in both wild and captive reptile populations. In wild populations, piebaldism is a type of leucism where individuals have normal-coloured eyes, but exhibit white patches, giving them a blotched or mottled appearance. It is a common form of abnormal colouration. Some species show an ontogenetic shift in this patchy colouration, while others start life with a piebald appearance. We studied colouration across populations of Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura oedirhina), a species endemic to the island of Roatan, Honduras. In general this lizard exhibits an ontogenetic shift in colouration from grey with green mottling in hatchlings to dark grey/black with white or cream patches in adults; however, there is substantial colour variation among both adults and populations. Based on an ordinal regression analysis there is a significant positive trend between size (snout-vent length) and percentage of white colouration, suggesting an ontogenetic shift toward increasing piebaldism. Additional data, specifically recapture and genetic information, are needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

41. IALTRIS DORSALIS.

Author

PASACHNIK, STESHA ANN, PELLECCHIA, CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL, and LANDESTOY, MIGUEL ANGEL

Subjects
*SNAKES, *HERPETOLOGY, *ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Abstract

Information on geographic distribution of Ialtris Dorsalis in Dominican Republic, including information on locality, collector and verified by, is presented.

Published
2019

42. Conservation genetics and the Ctenosaura palearis clade

Author

Pasachnik, Stesha Ann

Subjects
conservation genetics, iguanas, gene trees, species trees, AFLPs, DNA, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

We are now in the midst of a mass extinction crisis. The top threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, pollution, over-harvesting, and invasive species. The field of conservation genetics seeks to understand these threats and devise management to preserve taxa with the ability to cope with environmental change. Preserving genetic variation and the processes in which variation is created and maintained is vital to long-term conservation goals. Limited conservation resources are cause for the prioritization of taxa and areas. Nine basic methods of prioritization have been developed. Though there are differences in these methods, and thus in the resulting target areas, many, including biodiversity hotspots, list Mesoamerica, in which the highest diversity of iguanids confined to a single genus, Ctenosaura, occur. Though ctenosaurs are the most diverse genus of iguanas, have the most Redlisted species, lack protection and are in danger of extinction, they have been overlooked. The Ctenosaura palearis complex, occurs in central Mesoamerica and is made up of four endangered species. In order aid in the conservation of this biodiversity, a multi-scale molecular evaluation of this complex was preformed. I first used a species tree approach to elucidate the relationships between the focal species, showing that these species have gone through recent and rapid speciation, resulting in four closely related endemics. Thus, the nominal groupings should be upheld and given individual protection. Second, I evaluated the degree to which gene flow from the widely distributed congener threatens the genetic distinctiveness of the endemic C. bakeri. Low levels of introgression indicated no current threat. Hybridization could increase if habitat destruction or changes in relative abundance increase the probability of interbreeding. Continued monitoring of this situation is justified. Third, I used a variety of population genetic techniques to elucidate the genetic structure within and among populations of C. melanosterna. These results indicate that the populations in the Valle de Aguán and Cayos Cochinos are not interchangeable thus protection of both areas is necessary, and extreme caution should be used when implementing breeding and translocation programs. Local conservation efforts may be evaluated and developed using this information.

Published
2010

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