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Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish whether the driver's visual strategy may influence a driver's behavior to avoid a crash in a high-risk situation. Any published papers on drivers' visual strategies just before a crash were not found.Material and Methods: Tests were performed using a high-tech driving bus simulator. Participants comprised 45 men drivers, aged 43.5±7.9 years old, seniority as a bus driver of 13.3±8.6 years. The tests were preceded by medical examinations: general, neurological and ophthalmological. Each participant drove the same city route for approximately 40 min (entire route - ER). In the final phase, a collision situation was simulated (a phantom car blocked the participant's right of way). Driver's visual strategy was analyzed using the FaceLab device with 2 cameras during ER and just before collision. The field-of-view covered by camera 1 was divided into 8 regions, by camera 2 into 10 regions. The distribution of gazes in regions was a criterion of visual strategy.Results: Thirty-five drivers completed the simulated driving test, 14 escaped the collision, 21 crashed. These groups differed only in resting systolic blood pressure before the test. The analysis of covariance, after adjusting to this factor, indicated that during the ER visual strategy recorded by camera 1 did not differ between groups, in camera 2 the drivers in the crash group fixed their gaze more frequently (p = 0.049) in region 3 (close part of the road in front of the windshield). Just before the collision drivers who escaped the collision fixed their gaze significantly more often in region 6 (left side of the road) in camera 1 and in region 6 (in front of the windshield,) and region 10 (right side) in camera 2.Conclusions: The visual strategy has an impact on the road safety. The analysis of visual strategies may be a useful tool for the training of drivers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):161-74. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The occupational allergic conjunctivitis (OAC) is insufficiently recognized, which is a result of insufficient diagnostic procedures. The recognition of occupational allergic diseases, including OAC, requires demonstrating the relationship between exposure to workplace allergens and allergic inflammation. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the tears eosinophilia examination in the diagnostics of occupational conjunctivitis due to allergy to high and low molecular weight allergens. Material and methods. The study group comprised 30 patients suspected of occupational allergic conjunctivitis. In all subjects questionnaire study, as well as allergologic diagnostic tests like skin prick tests, the evaluation of serum total and specific IgE level (if available) were performed. Moreover, the specific inhalative challenge tests (SICT) with the evaluation of conjunctival tear fluid were performed. Results. SICT with occupational allergens induced significant ( 5%) eosinophil influx in tear fluid in 12 patients (40%). OAC was recognized in those cases, on the basis of SITC with the evaluation of conjunctival tear fluid. Conclusions. The monitoring of cytological changes in tear fluid during SICT enables objective evaluation of eye response and allows differentiating the allergic and irritant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the visual work on the tear film and the degree of eye strain., Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted among 50 people working 4 h with different types of monitors (CRT, LCD) and without a monitor. Schirmer's test and evaluation of the degree of eye strain were performed in all subjects before and after work., Results: The studies revealed no significant change in Schirmer's test. Most people reported eye fatigue after every kind of visual work. The highest degree of eye strain was noted after work with the CRT display screen, especially among people with dry eye syndrome., Conclusion: The studies revealed no significant impact of various visual works on the tear film. However, they showed that any kind of intense eye work may cause eye irritation and strain, particularly in the people affected by dry eye syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the visual work with display monitors on the eye surface temperature, intraocular pressure and on the eye moisturizing condition., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 50 people working with display monitors (CRT, LCD) and without monitor. The temperature of the eye surface via thermo camera and intraocular pressure were measured, as well as Schirmer's test was performed before and after 4 h of visual work. Thermography was also performed after 1 h., Results: The studies revealed no significant effect of all visual works in patients with normal tear secretion. Only among those with dry eye syndrome, statistically significant increase in the eye surface temperature was found and averaged 0.5 degrees C after 4 h of all visual works., Conclusion: The studies revealed that intensive visual work with CRT and LCD display monitors and without monitor causes changes in the eye surface temperature, especially after the first hour of visual work and in patients with dry eye syndrome. The results of tonometry showed that all visual works at a short distance lead to the decreased intraocular pressure, resulting from the improved aqueous humor outflow. Finally, no negative effects of the visual work with the display monitor on the eye was found. However, the appropriate duration of work and application of tear substitutes play an important role in people with the symptoms of dry eye syndrome.