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Purpose: To compare effectiveness and safety of 5 Fluorouracil versus Bevacizumab as sole therapy in the treatment of primary pterygium. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from January 2022 to January 2023. Methods: A total of 64 patients were included and divided into 2 groups of 32 patients each. Group A patients received monthly injection of 0.1 ml, Fluorouracil (5FU) for 3 months while 3 injections of 0.1 ml Bevacizumab were administered in group B. Primary outcome measure was effectiveness (defined as improvement in Pterygium grade), at 4 weeks following the administration of last injection. Patients were examined for pterygium grading as well as any side effects of injections on each follow up visit. Data analysis was done by SPSS, Version 23.0. Results: Mean age of patients in group A was of 33.53 ± 11.3 years versus 30.97 ± 12.6 years in group B with a range of 15--55 years. There were 45 (70.3%) males and 19 (29.7%) females. Improvement was seen in 21 patients (65.6%) in group A, as compared to only 2 (6.3%) in group B. There was a significant difference in pterygium improvement between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: 5 Fluorouracil is more effective than Bevacizumab as sole therapy in treatment of primary pterygium but equally safe in terms of side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory marketing can help customers to stay longer by enjoying environment of restaurants. To find out this, the present study was conducted in restaurant industry of Pakistan. Data was collected by distributing structured questionnaire among customers of restaurants in six major cities of Pakistan. For the present study, a total of 362 respondents were selected based on their income. The sample was chosen for the present study, and a stratified sampling technique was used. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that customer satisfaction partially and significantly mediates relationship between sensory marketing and customer loyalty. These results supported Engel, Kollet, Blackwell (EKB) Model. Through replication of the present model in different contexts and industries in Asia and developing countries, new perspectives can be found along with finding similarities of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess safety and long-term efficacy of use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) soaked absorbable gel foam dressing in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in our population. Study Design: Quasi experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2019. Methodology: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed on 103 eyes of 98 patients for unilateral or bilateral primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction or previously failed Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy without triamcinolone acetonide. Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy was done using a standardized technique employing a 30° nasal endoscope (Karl Storz, Germany). In addition, a gel foam (15x10x5mm) soaked with 1ml of 40mg triamcinolone acetonide was threaded along the silicone tube metallic guide and advanced to ostium at the end of procedure. Anatomical success (patent lacrimal passage on irrigation), functional success (resolution of epiphora) and complications at 6 and 12 months of follow up, were the outcome measures documented and analyzed. Results: Out of 103 cases, there were 41(39.8%) male and 62(60.2%) female patients. Mean age was 47.10±12.80 years (age range 18-72 years). Anatomical success rate of 90(87.4%) and 89(56.4%) was observed at 6 and 12 months, whereas functional success rate of 88(85.4%) was observed at both 6 and 12 months follow up respectively. No major complications were observed in our study. Conclusion: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with triamcinolone acetonide is a safe and effective procedure for epiphora secondary to previous failed Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy or primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Showkat. Kadla, Mohamad. Dar, Nisar. Shah, Bilal. Khan, Asif. Shah, Rupakshi. Pathania, Shagufta. Parveen BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are mainly caused by hepatitis C [...]